Temperament and coping: Advantages of an individual differences perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS DERRYBERRY ◽  
MARJORIE A. REED ◽  
CAROLYN PILKENTON–TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Cortical Functions

This paper examines the advantages that arise from an individual differences approach to children's coping and vulnerabilities. It suggests that the basic motivational and attentional systems involved in temperament constitute relatively primitive coping mechanisms. With development, these primitive coping skills are aided by representational and other cortical functions, allowing the coping process to begin before a stressful event and thereby increasing the child's capacity to plan an effective coping option and to enhance self-control. Such an emphasis on motivational and attentional differences allows us to take advantage of children's diverse personalities as “experiments of nature” and to better understand the temperamental patterns that contribute to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.

scholarly journals Sleep and Coping in Early Childhood During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Lokhandwala ◽  
Jennifer F. Holmes ◽  
Gina M. Mason ◽  
Christine W. St. Laurent ◽  
Cassandra Delvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Sleep disturbances in early childhood are associated with mood and anxiety disorders. Children also exhibit sleep disruptions, such as nighttime awakenings, nightmares, and difficulties falling asleep, in conjunction with adverse events and stress. Prior studies have examined independently the role of sleep on adaptive processing, as well as the effects of stress on sleep. However, how childhood sleep and children's adaptive behavior (i.e., coping strategies) bidirectionally interact is currently less known. Using a within-subjects design and actigraphy-measured sleep from 16 preschool-aged children (Mage = 56.4 months, SD = 10.8, range: 36–70 months), this study investigated how prior sleep patterns relate to children's coping during a potentially stressful event, the COVID-19 pandemic, and how prior coping skills may influence children's sleep during the pandemic. Children who woke earlier had greater negative expression both before and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, children slept longer and woke later on average compared to before the pandemic. Additionally, for children engaged in at-home learning, sleeping longer was associated with less negative expression. These findings highlight how sleep behaviors and coping strategies are related, and the stability of this relationship under stress.

scholarly journals Variables associated with the modalities of psychic adaptation (coping mechanisms and psychic defense mechanisms) in depressive disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Dănuț Ioan Crașovan ◽  
Laura Patricia Farcaș
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
And Coping

The study lists a series of research on the particularities of psychic adaptation in depressive disorders, respectively psychological defense mechanism and coping mechanisms. At the same time, the study analyzes the existing relationships, in depressive disorders case, between coping and variables such as tools and the methodology for assessing the coping process, the relevance and usefulness of the coping process in the clinic and the treatment of psychopathology as information processing, the personality and typology of the human subject, the type of disorder diagnosed, age of the human subject, locus of control, parental style, life events, personal experience, adherence to medication, gender, economic situation, profession, culture/environment, presence or absence of depressive disorders.

Stress of artists before a performance: a study based on materials from the Institute of Psychology at the University of Leipzig

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Konrad Reschke ◽  
Sveta Berdibayeva ◽  
Murat Abirov
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Intervention Adaptation ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Leipzig

In the last decades the concept of resilience was described to characterize a person, who has higher stability to resist against negative threats of the environment. Purpose of the research: 1. To show key contributions from the Leipzig University’s Institute of Psychology for research on stress and. 2. To summarize some theoretical point of views for the further assessment and research of stress. Methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of stress, logical and structural research method. Results. More dangerous and more harmful can be chronic stress. Stressors are objective and hinder people’s need fulfillment. Stress coping should have always two starting points, external and directed to the stressing environment: to be informed, to seek solutions to problems and to collect friends and technics to become able to act and internal: the feelings, excitement, to bring activism into self-control. Conclusions. Stress is only in this one way positive, because it’s possible to collect experiences in the coping process of stress and have new abilities to cope with stress. Stress – is a normal reaction even among artists. A stress-related paraclinical disorder is podium anxiety. Even a negative evaluation by other people can threaten the positive view of oneself and abilities – the self-esteem. Today, stress is a recognized risk factor for the development of diseases and many disorders. Stress is closely linked to negative performance parameters, operational errors and reduced performance. Stress mediates the biopsychosocial chain of causation between health and disease. Extreme forms of stress can be stressful for all people. However, many stressors are effective individually, resource-dependent, individual or populationspecific. The relation of stress and coping is essential for stressmanagement activities of humans. Resilience is generally viewed as a quality of character, personality, and coping ability which is a resource contra stress and can reduce the stress reactivity and sensitivity for stress. Our Research provides some guidelines for intervention, adaptation and prevention of stress.

scholarly journals Coping with my own way: Mediating roles of emotional expression and social support seeking in the associations between individual differences and posttraumatic growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291984659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson CY Yeung ◽  
Tak Sang Chow
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
And Coping

This study examined the associations between individual differences and posttraumatic growth, and coping strategies as mediators among 454 trauma-exposed American college students. Results showed that relational-interdependent self-construal, optimism, emotional expression, and social support seeking were associated with higher posttraumatic growth. Moreover, social support seeking and emotional expression partially mediated between relational-interdependent self-construal and posttraumatic growth, such that relational-interdependent self-construal was associated with posttraumatic growth through increased support seeking and emotional expression. However, the association between optimism and posttraumatic growth was partially mediated only by increased emotional expression, but not social support seeking. Findings imply that individual differences may facilitate posttraumatic growth through different coping mechanisms.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Self-control in a Forensic Psychiatric Sample: Stability and Association with Psychopathology, Criminal History, and Recidivism

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255-1275
Author(s):  
Eva Billen ◽  
Carlo Garofalo ◽  
Jeroen K. Vermunt ◽  
Stefan Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
And Coping

The current study examined trajectories of two indicators of self-control—impulsivity and coping skills—in 317 forensic psychiatric patients, as well as associations with psychopathology, crime, and recidivism. Violent recidivism was positively associated with coping skills at admission to the clinic and with impulsivity at discharge. Only a small correlation was found between self-control and criminal history, and there was no association with psychopathology. We found multiple trajectories of self-control using Latent Class Growth Models: more than 89% improving over time. In addition, patients with Cluster C personality disorders showed greater improvement in coping skills. Patients showing less improvement in impulsivity had greater rates of crime and recidivism. We conclude that self-control can be influenced by interventions or treatment, and that both starting values and trajectories of self-control provide valuable information. Interestingly, the associations between self-control and psychopathology, crime and recidivism were not as strong as reported in other populations.

Defence mechanisms and coping skills in oncology patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S204-S204
Author(s):  
C. Bredicean ◽  
C. Giurgi-Oncu ◽  
I. Papava ◽  
R. Romosan ◽  
A. Jurma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Psychotherapy Interventions

IntroductionOncology-related illnesses have become quite frequent in our lives. Lately, medical progress in the field of oncology has led to an increase in the survival rates of people diagnosed with cancer. The minimisation of disturbances in the lives of these people is done by each on their own, by using defence mechanisms and coping skills.ObjectivesTo identify the coping and defence mechanisms of subjects diagnosed with cancer compared with non-clinical subjects.AimsTo increase quality of life of subjects diagnosed with cancer through psychotherapy interventions.MethodNineteen subjects diagnosed with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy were recruited to the study. For comparison, a control group of non-clinical participants were also recruited. Participants were included into the study according to particular inclusion/exclusion criteria. The evaluation was conducted during 2014 and consisted of the analysis of the following parameters: socio-demographic data, clinical data, defence mechanisms (DSQ-60) and coping mechanisms (COPE scale).ResultsThe group of subjects diagnosed with cancer demonstrated the presence of defence mechanisms of the following type: passive aggressiveness, projection and coping mechanisms that were characterised by an emphasis on social support. The control group had defence mechanisms of the following types: repression, denial and coping mechanisms that focused on emotions.ConclusionsThere are differences in defence and coping mechanisms between subjects with cancer compared to the non-clinical group. It may be that defence and coping mechanisms can be optimized through psychotherapy interventions to increase quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Stress, Coping, and Distress Among Mothers With a Child in the ICU

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ernst ◽  
Jessica Roberts Williams ◽  
Brian E. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Having a child in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a stressful event that can cause negative mental health outcomes for parents, but little is known about the experience of parental stress among members of racial/ethnic minority groups. Objective To examine the stress and coping process in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of mothers of a child who was acutely admitted to an ICU. Methods Participants (N = 103) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey; 86.4% completed it within a week of their child’s ICU admission. Analysis of variance was used to examine racial/ethnic differences in perceived ICU-related stressors, coping behaviors, and distress level. Linear regression was used to examine the moderating effects of race/ethnicity on the relationships between stressors, coping behaviors, and distress. Results Mothers across racial group experienced similar stressors during the acute phase of their child’s ICU admission. African American mothers reported greater overall use of coping behaviors, particularly avoidance coping, and experienced higher levels of distress than did Hispanic or non-Hispanic White mothers. Hispanic mothers experienced the least distress. The interaction of race/ethnicity and emotion-focused coping moderated the stress and coping process. Conclusions Racial and ethnic diversity in sampling should be a priority in future studies of the stress and coping process of mothers with a child in an ICU. Critical care nurses should minimize known stressors for these mothers and encourage and support their preferred coping behaviors, recognizing that these may differ across racial/ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Developing Coping Skills in the Early Years: A Positive Educational Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-393
Author(s):  
Erica Frydenberg ◽  
Jan Deans ◽  
Rachel Liang
Keyword(s):  
Coping Skills ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
And Coping

AbstractThere are numerous ways to construe positive education in the early years, particularly as it relates to wellbeing and positive emotional outcomes. The teaching of coping skills provides tools for wellbeing within a positivist framework through emphasising the use of productive coping strategies and reducing the use of unhelpful, non-productive strategies. This chapter provides an example of teaching coping skills in early childhood: the Early Years Coping Project. The project helped young children articulate and understand coping constructs and provided tools to help parents and teachers to assess children’s coping. Visual tools facilitated the development of children’s coping skills in classroom activities. Parents were encouraged to develop their parenting skills and their own coping, utilising the emotion and coping language that is common to them and their children. The parent program was subsequently adapted in a format that was readily communicated to a culturally diverse population, using the generic frameworks and constructs of coping. Coping concepts and constructs have subsequently been incorporated into a COPE-Resilience curriculum. We highlight several applications and extensions of the curriculum. Coping skills provide a template for healthy social-emotional development that can be utilised in different contexts throughout life.

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