scholarly journals Variables associated with the modalities of psychic adaptation (coping mechanisms and psychic defense mechanisms) in depressive disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Dănuț Ioan Crașovan ◽  
Laura Patricia Farcaș
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
And Coping

The study lists a series of research on the particularities of psychic adaptation in depressive disorders, respectively psychological defense mechanism and coping mechanisms. At the same time, the study analyzes the existing relationships, in depressive disorders case, between coping and variables such as tools and the methodology for assessing the coping process, the relevance and usefulness of the coping process in the clinic and the treatment of psychopathology as information processing, the personality and typology of the human subject, the type of disorder diagnosed, age of the human subject, locus of control, parental style, life events, personal experience, adherence to medication, gender, economic situation, profession, culture/environment, presence or absence of depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the mechanisms of psychological defense and coping strategies among teenagers with different types of parenting

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Antonina Vladimirovna Shabaeva ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Mitina ◽  
Ramilya Magadievna Davletshina
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
And Coping

The goal of this article is to examine the psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies of teenagers with different types of parenting. The subject of this research is the mechanisms of psychological defense and coping strategies of teenagers with different types of ubpringing. The empirical object of the research became the sample of 72 teenagers (36 girls and 28 boys), aged 14 to 15, as well as 72 parents (mothers). Based on the results of empirical research, the author acquired scientific facts on specificity of using psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies by teenagers with different types of parenting. The research program contains diagnostic techniques of parenting strategies, family relationship, mechanism of psychological defense of personality, and coping strategies. The statistical analysis was carried out using the parametric student's T-test. The scientific facts obtained in the course of study broaden the perspective on teenagers and possibilities of rendering them psychological assistance within the framework of non-constructive forms of coping strategies and coping behavior. The following conclusions were made: 1) teenagers raised by authoritarian parents try to avoid contact with reality and solution of the arising problems, they usually use the psychological defense mechanism “compensation”; 2) teenagers from the families with democratic parenting often use the psychological defense mechanism “intellectualization” and coping the strategy for solving problems; 3) the peculiarity of hyperprotective parenting forms the psychological defense mechanism “substitution” and coping strategy of avoiding problems; 4) pandering type of parenting results in manifestation of the desire to avoid contact with surrounding reality and solution of the problems, the most widespread strategy of coping behavior among such teenagers is “avoidance”.

A Study of Memory and Psychological Defense Mechanism in Julian Barnes’s The Sense of an Ending

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Aliakbari Harehdasht ◽  
Zahra Ekbatäni
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Julian Barnes ◽  
Self Image

In The Sense of an Ending, Julian Barnes portrays the mysterious workings of the human mind as it distorts facts towards the end of a self-image that one can live with. The protagonist in the novel deploys certain psychological defense mechanisms in order to protect himself from feelings of anxiety, only to experience even more profound anxiety due to his excessive use of them. The significance of the present paper lies in its novel view of the book. So far, the critique on the novel has mainly been focused on the workings of time on memory; however, the present paper investigates how psychological defense mechanisms blur the protagonist’s perception of reality and distort his memories. This paper also attempts to attract scholarly interest in the study of psychological defense mechanisms in the study of The Sense of an Ending which has so far been to the best of our knowledge overlooked

scholarly journals Features of psychological protection of students of IHE who are engaged in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Dakal ◽  
O. Cherevichko ◽  
K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of psychological protection is to maintain the integrity of the "self-concept" of the individual by protecting his consciousness from negative traumatic experiences, fear of failure, anxiety or uncertainty in their actions. The authors who studied this phenomenon in sports note that the psychological protection of the athlete - is a system of mechanisms and methods of mental self-regulation of consciousness and behavior of the individual in extreme mental conditions. Psychological defense mechanisms are manifested in students as a regulatory system that is activated in a situation of internal or external conflict. Based on it, students often show such a defense mechanism as substitution, regression, and compensation. Considering the manifestation of protective mechanisms in boys and girls, we obtained the following indicators: reactive formations (73% in girls and 51% in boys) and projection (73% in girls and 54% in boys) (p <0.05); in boys prevails: suppression (65% in boys and 45% in girls) and intellectualization (69% in boys and 56.1% in girls) (p <0.05). We found differences in the choice of the dominant mechanism of psychological protection by swimming students. The leading mechanism in the studied contingent is substitution, and the least preferred is suppression. The study identified the manifestation of the main mechanisms of psychological protection in students who swim and analyzed certain types of protection with a description of the specific features of the system of protective mechanisms and the level of their impact depending on gender differences.

Temperament and coping: Advantages of an individual differences perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS DERRYBERRY ◽  
MARJORIE A. REED ◽  
CAROLYN PILKENTON–TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Cortical Functions

This paper examines the advantages that arise from an individual differences approach to children's coping and vulnerabilities. It suggests that the basic motivational and attentional systems involved in temperament constitute relatively primitive coping mechanisms. With development, these primitive coping skills are aided by representational and other cortical functions, allowing the coping process to begin before a stressful event and thereby increasing the child's capacity to plan an effective coping option and to enhance self-control. Such an emphasis on motivational and attentional differences allows us to take advantage of children's diverse personalities as “experiments of nature” and to better understand the temperamental patterns that contribute to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF PATIENTS WITH SHALLOW PROTRACTED DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS WHO HAVE LOST SOCIAL CONNECTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Charos Kuchimova ◽  
◽  
N. Xodjaeva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
New Generation

In recent years, so-called social pathomorphism of mental illness. These factors reduce the quality of life and the level of social functioning of mental patients. A new generation of patients who have lost social connections is being formed. This concept is used quite often in modern psychiatry, but its definition is not given.

Electroencephalographic Correlates of Psychological Defense

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
M. B. Sterman ◽  
C. A. Mann ◽  
H. R. Eriksen ◽  
M. Olff ◽  
H. Ursin
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Us Air Force ◽  
Selection Of

The Kragh tachistoscopic method for measuring psychological defense mechanisms (“Defense Mechanism Test” - DMT) has been claimed to be valid for selection of personnel for really dangerous tasks. The method consists of presenting a stimulus picture at initial exposure times that are too short for perception. To test whether this perceptual disturbance arises from an aberrant cognitive response to the situation, we studied the magnitude, topographic distribution, and temporal modulation of spectral density in the 8–12 Hz EEG frequency band during DMT testing in 22 male and 2 female active duty US Air Force personnel. Personnel with high defense mechanisms had significantly more attenuation of the 8–12 Hz activity during stimulus exposure than low defenders, implying an increased level of cortical activation. Personnel with low defense scores relax faster than those with high scores. The differences seem to occur even before threat is reported. High defense seems to require more and longer lasting data processing which may be too costly in dangerous situations.

scholarly journals Psyсhologiсal defense mechanisms of children with cerebral palsy in the context of mothers attitude to a child’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Galina V. Pyatakova ◽  
Irina I. Mamajchuk ◽  
Valery V. Umnov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Prolonged Immobilization ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Cerebral palsy (CP) has a significant prevalence in industrialized countries and is characterized by a high level of disability. Children and adolescents with CP face challenging situations. Physical defects repeatedly manifest in the daily life of a child in the form of other extraordinary events such as hospitalization, surgery, prolonged immobilization, and separation from family. Such events can be accompanied by feelings of fear, anxiety, helplessness, and pronounced symptoms of maladjustment. Under these conditions, certain biological and social compensatory manifestations help to identify such complicated conditions and restore the normal functioning of the body. Compensatory manifestations are a type of compensatory defense mechanisms. The major role in establishing a system of protection is played by the relationship between a child and his or her parents. Defense mechanisms can be formed during the process of assimilation of protective parental behavior, or because of the inappropriate attitude of mothers to the child’s illness. The purpose of the research was to study the defense mechanisms in children with CP in the context of mothers’ relationship to her child’s illness. Materials and methods. The research involved 120 people. The experimental group included 30 children with CP aged 5 to 11 years and their mothers. The control group consisted of relatively healthy children (30) and their mothers. The following was used to achieve the goal: the elements of clinical and biographical method, projective technique, the technique of diagnostics of attitude to the child’s illness. Results and discussion. The repertoire of psychological defense mechanisms in children with CP is limited in comparison with those in healthy children. Children with CP are dominated by the defense mechanism of “denial” that can play a negative role in the process of adaptation of these children in a situation involving complex treatments. The mothers of children with CP share an emotionally intense relationship with their child’s disease. Excessively disturbing attitudes of the mother to the disease of her child can contribute to the formation of negative psychological defense mechanisms of negation type in the child, which reduces the child’s psychological compensatory capacity and capability of adaptation in conditions of complex treatment.

scholarly journals MILITARY DARK HUMOR AS A FORM OF ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND THE INDIVIDUAL�S RESPONSE TO FEAR OF DEATH (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Ye. Khraban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Dark Humor ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Psychoanalytic Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

The aim of the article is to examine military black humor as a form of adaptive processes and the individual�s response to the fear of death in the system of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies. A more complete results in this study can be gotten through the integration of discourse analysis and psychoanalytic interpretation. Discourse analysis has the most empirically oriented approach and allows to focus on extensive psychological issues such as cognition, emotions, attitudes, values, prejudices, memory, motives. Psychoanalytic interpretation focuses on the symbolism of the unconscious, universal meanings and psychological mechanisms that are important material to analyze totality of derived psychological meanings present in dark humor patterns. The material for this empirical, inductive study is text fragments, memes and photographs, which are posted on the website of �Military service� Ukrainian group. Results and discussions. One of the thematic dominants of military dark humor is the threat to life and fear of it. The fear of death itself is one of the human existence conditions. Such amount of fear fits into bounds of what most humans can psychologically tolerate that does not destroy or paralyze activity. In order to protect his psyche from the destructive effects of traumatic situation during which the norms of fear exceed the standards, a military man often seeks to restore the functional state of his body and reduce emotional stress. Considering this perspective as a pragmatic aspect of humor it can be argued that the creation of the game reality of death in dark humor depends, first of all, on those coping strategies and psychological defense mechanisms, which are most appropriate for a person�s psyche. According to the terror management theory an individual uses certain coping strategies and defense mechanisms depending on whether or not he is aware of the inevitability of death. Analysis of the dark humor patterns created by the Ukrainian military and actualizing the theme of death and everything associated with it make it possible to outline the following range of adaptive mechanisms ranked in a descending order according to their relative importance in the total sample: �Desacralization�, �Regression�, �Desensitization�, �Positive re-evaluation�, �Displacement�, �Sublimation�, �Denial�. Conclusions. Being natural human emotion fear of death during combat activates defense mechanisms and coping strategies. The study of the projection of these occurrences in dark humor have made it possible to conclude that the military dark humor is the result of frustrating life experiences and aimed to reduce sensitivity to fears and improve their psychological state. This is achieved owing to changing the modal evaluation and the capability to be emotionally withdrawn.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional classification of psychological defense mechanisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
Elena R. Pilyugina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Semantic Difference ◽  
Avoidance Suppression

The paper proposes the author’s classification of psychological defense mechanisms, consisting of 20 mechanisms and representing a two-dimensional model. The idea of this model is that these mechanisms have a cross-relationship between 4 levels of the hierarchy (psychotic, infantile, neurotic, and adaptive groups) and 5 types of overcoming frustration which are the basis for the formation and functioning of the defense mechanism. The novelty of the article is the idea that each of the 20 defense mechanisms belongs to one of the 5 types of overcoming frustration — distracting type (mechanisms of regression, action out, compensation, sublimation), «guilty» type (mechanisms of hypochondria, passive-aggressive behavior, reactive formation, altruism), avoiding type (mechanisms of repression, denial, avoidance, suppression), rationalizing type (mechanisms of dissociation, displacement/transfer, rationalization, humor), controlling type (mechanisms of isolation, projection, omnipotence, anticipation). The paper provides description of the defense mechanisms, examples of their manifestation, and possible reasons for their formation. The substantiation of the defense mechanisms’ belonging to the particular groups and types of classification is given. The classification is proposed as a convenient diagnostic tool for counseling psychologists, because it has an optimal number of defense mechanisms, fairly clear criteria for their determination, their location in the structure of psychological defense and the basis for their functioning. The article also provides an overview of current classifications of defense mechanisms and voices problems related to the identification and streamlining of defense mechanisms. These problems are the subtlety of semantic difference and blurring of borders between defense mechanisms, different interpretations in terminology due to difficulties in translation from foreign languages, differences in approaches to hierarchy of defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals Interrelation Between Defensive Mechanisms and Coping Strategies in Psychiatry Trainees in Romania: A Multicenter Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca-Livia Panfil ◽  
Mirela Frandes ◽  
Aurel Nirestean ◽  
Marinela Hurmuz ◽  
Diana Lungeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background: The challenges faced by professionals when working in the field of psychiatry require the development of adequate defensive and coping mechanisms. This study aimed to explore both coping strategies and defense mechanisms and their relationship in psychiatry trainees in Romania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine and evaluate both defensive and coping mechanisms of Romanian psychiatry trainees. Defensive Style Questionnaire-60 and COPE scale were applied to psychiatry trainees from five training centers in Romania. By applying structural equation modeling, models that presumed the existence of relationships between coping strategies and defensive mechanisms were analyzed. Results: Superior defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping strategies were the commonly used approaches by psychiatry trainees. Furthermore, significantly consistent correlations (ranging from 0.2 to 0.5) between adaptive defense mechanisms and coping strategies focused on the problem or emotion were shown. Similarly, avoidant coping strategies correlated with non-adaptive defense mechanisms (correlations between 0.3 and 0.5). Our model presented good fit indices (X2(34) = 64.324, p < 0.001; GFI = 0.93; root mean square error = 0.08). Moreover, the results indicated a weak association between the two types of adaptive processes (r = 0.07, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Psychiatry trainees present a profile based on two independent groups of adaptation processes, namely, adaptive defenses and problem-oriented coping scales and non-adaptive defenses and avoidant coping scales.

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