scholarly journals Maternal parenting predicts infant biobehavioral regulation among women with a history of childhood maltreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martinez-Torteya ◽  
Carolyn J. Dayton ◽  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Julia S. Seng ◽  
Ellen McGinnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractEarly biobehavioral regulation, a major influence of later adaptation, develops through dyadic interactions with caregivers. Thus, identification of maternal characteristics that can ameliorate or exacerbate infants’ innate vulnerabilities is key for infant well-being and long-term healthy development. The present study evaluated the influence of maternal parenting, postpartum psychopathology, history of childhood maltreatment, and demographic risk on infant behavioral and physiological (i.e., salivary cortisol) regulation using the still-face paradigm. Our sample included 153 women with high rates of childhood maltreatment experiences. Mother–infant dyads completed a multimethod assessment at 7 months of age. Structural equation modeling showed that maternal positive (i.e., sensitive, warm, engaged, and joyful) and negative (i.e., overcontrolling and hostile) behaviors during interactions were associated with concurrent maternal depressive symptoms, single parent status, and low family income. In turn, positive parenting predicted improved infant behavioral regulation (i.e., positive affect and social behaviors following the stressor) and decreased cortisol reactivity (i.e., posttask levels that were similar to or lower than baseline cortisol). These findings suggest increased risk for those women experiencing high levels of depressive symptoms postpartum and highlight the importance of maternal positive interactive behaviors during the first year for children's neurodevelopment.

Childhood trauma and being at-risk for psychosis are associated with higher peripheral endocannabinoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Appiah-Kusi ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
M. Colizzi ◽  
E. Foglia ◽  
E. Klamerus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has been accumulating regarding alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system in patients with psychosis. Of all the putative risk factors associated with psychosis, being at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) has the strongest association with the onset of psychosis, and exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to an increased risk of development of psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether being at-risk for psychosis and exposure to childhood trauma were associated with altered endocannabinoid levels.MethodWe compared 33 CHR participants with 58 healthy controls (HC) and collected information about previous exposure to childhood trauma as well as plasma samples to analyse endocannabinoid levels.ResultsIndividuals with both CHR and experience of childhood trauma had higher N-palmitoylethanolamine (p < 0.001) and anandamide (p < 0.001) levels in peripheral blood compared to HC and those with no childhood trauma. There was also a significant correlation between N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and symptoms as well as childhood trauma.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between CHR and/or childhood maltreatment and elevated endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood, with a greater alteration in those with both CHR status and history of childhood maltreatment compared to those with either of those risks alone. Furthermore, endocannabinoid levels increased linearly with the number of risk factors and elevated endocannabinoid levels correlated with the severity of CHR symptoms and extent of childhood maltreatment. Further studies in larger cohorts, employing longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and delineate the precise role of endocannabinoid alterations in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

scholarly journals Determinants of Early Marriage and Its Affect on Depression: A Population-based Study 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Azizi ◽  
Ali Fakhari ◽  
Mostafa Farahbakhsh ◽  
Elham Davtalab Esmaeili ◽  
Habibeh Barzgar
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Married People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future

Abstract Background: Early Marriage (EM) has defined as a marriage or union between two people when one or both are below 18. EM has serious side effects on psychological well-being and increases the probability of depression risk in the future. In Iran, EM predictors and the risk of depression among married people are poorly understood.Methods: A community-based descriptive-analytic study was conducted among the married general population in Malekan County. Stratified random sampling was performed. The face-to-face interviews and Beck depression inventory scale II were used by trained interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval the association between EM and predictor factors.Results: A total of 402 married participated in the study. The prevalence rate of EM was found 87 (21.64%). Out of 87 EM people, 80% were female. Almost 60% and 46.4% of EM and non-EM respondents had depressive symptoms, respectively. In the final analysis, EM was increased risk of depression (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.72). Moreover, educational level of parents (AOR=5.53; 95% CI: 2.14 – 17.22), educational level of participants, (AOR=4.27; 95% CI: 1.28 – 14.35), female (AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.32 – 4.46), and family income (AOR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.00 – 7.84), were found significant predictors of EM. Conclusion: The educational level of married people and their parents are strong predictors of EM. Furthermore, EM affects depressive symptoms in the future. A general policy with inter-sectoral collaborations and increasing health literacy and effective training programs are imperative to reduce EM rates.

scholarly journals Association of n-3 long-chain PUFA and fish intake with depressive symptoms and low dispositional optimism in older subjects with a history of myocardial infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondine van de Rest ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Femke Sytsma ◽  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Well Being

Individuals with CHD are at increased risk of poor mental well-being. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA, the main n-3 fatty acids from fish, may be beneficial to mental well-being. We examined the association of EPA+DHA and fish intake with mental well-being in 644 participants, aged 60–80 years, with a history of myocardial infarction. Habitual food intake was assessed with a 203-item FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the self-report geriatric depression scale, and dispositional optimism was assessed with the revised life orientation test (LOT-R) and a four-item questionnaire (4Q). In Cox-regression models modified for cross-sectional analyses, we adjusted for sex, age, energy intake, BMI, family history of depression, education, marital status, smoking, physical activity and intake of saturated fat, alcohol and fibre. Compared with the lower tertile, subjects in the higher tertile of EPA+DHA intake had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, but this association was not statistically significant (prevalence ratio (PR) 0·78; 95 % CI 0·50, 1·22, P-trend 0·27). The higher tertile of EPA+DHA intake was positively associated with dispositional optimism measured with the 4Q (PR 0·69; 95 % CI 0·46, 1·03, P-trend 0·05), but not according to the LOT-R. Fish intake was not related to either depressive symptoms or dispositional optimism. In conclusion, intake of EPA+DHA was positively associated with dispositional optimism assessed with the 4Q, but not with optimism assessed with the LOT-R or with depressive symptoms.

Re-Evaluation of the Evidence on the Prognostic Importance of Schizophrenic and Affective Symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Herrman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Affective Expression ◽  
Chronic Disability ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

An earlier literature noted consistently that depressive symptoms appear to bode well for outcome in schizophrenia and related disorders. Although this view is psychodynamically plausible, most of the studies suggesting it have substantial shortcomings. In particular, most studies have been confounded by the effects of variations in duration and history of disorder, which have a major influence on both affective expression and outcome. A contrary view is that depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders suggest an increased risk of self-harm and social dysfunction, just as these symptoms do in individuals with other disorders. The substantial risks of mortality and morbidity from self-harm, the link between suicide and depression, and the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the acute and chronic stages of the disorder have all been documented in people diagnosed as having schizophrenia. Social influences are well known to be crucial to the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The expectations of others and patients' own attitudes to their illness are also known to influence outcome. Despite this, there is no longitudinal study of first admission patients to allow us to examine the possible intervening or other role of depression in the development of chronic disability.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

The Role of Maternal Self-efficacy in the Link Between Childhood Maltreatment and Maternal Stress During Transition to Motherhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110428
Author(s):  
Gabriella Bentley ◽  
Osnat Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Transition To Motherhood ◽  
History Of

The transition to motherhood is a significant developmental milestone in many women’s lives. This transitional period may be more stressful for women with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) than for women without such a history. This study tested whether parental self-efficacy (PSE) accounts for the link between CM and parental stress in mothers transitioning to motherhood. The study used a convenience sample of 1,306 first-time mothers of children aged two years or younger. Mothers filled out online self-report questionnaires assessing history of CM, PSE, and prenatal stress. Consistent with the hypotheses, exposure to CM was directly associated with greater parental stress. Also, PSE partially mediated the associations between CM and parental stress, such that mothers with a history of childhood abuse reported a lower level of PSE, which in turn was associated with greater parental stress. In conclusion, the study highlights the important role of negative cognitions related to parenting for maternal dysfunction following exposure to childhood abuse. These findings suggest a need to incorporate preventive interventions designed to promote PSE for mothers exposed to CM. Such programs may alleviate parental stress and further support the healthy development of the child.

scholarly journals The influence of subjective sleep quality on the association between eveningness and depressive symptoms.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Mary Horne ◽  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Participants

Increasing evidence suggests that eveningness is associated with increased risk for depression. Eveningness, however, is also associated with poor sleep quality and the unique role of eveningness in depressive symptomatology remains to be elucidated. The goal of the current study, therefore, was to examine the inter-relationships between eveningness, subjective sleep quality and depressive symptoms in healthy participants free of current or previous depression and sleep disorder. Here, 167 healthy participants (mean age 24.16, 129/38 females/males) completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Bootstrap mediation analysis for a simple mediation model including rMEQ, PSQI and CES-D was applied. Eveningness was associated with increased depressive symptoms and mediation analysis showed that this relationship was partly mediated by sleep quality. Our results suggest that indicators of depression observed in evening-type individuals cannot be attributed exclusively to disturbed sleep. We suggest that interventions that target both sleep quality and dysfunctionl cognitive styles would be optimal to promote well-being in evening-type individuals.

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