Re-Evaluation of the Evidence on the Prognostic Importance of Schizophrenic and Affective Symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Herrman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Affective Expression ◽  
Chronic Disability ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

An earlier literature noted consistently that depressive symptoms appear to bode well for outcome in schizophrenia and related disorders. Although this view is psychodynamically plausible, most of the studies suggesting it have substantial shortcomings. In particular, most studies have been confounded by the effects of variations in duration and history of disorder, which have a major influence on both affective expression and outcome. A contrary view is that depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders suggest an increased risk of self-harm and social dysfunction, just as these symptoms do in individuals with other disorders. The substantial risks of mortality and morbidity from self-harm, the link between suicide and depression, and the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the acute and chronic stages of the disorder have all been documented in people diagnosed as having schizophrenia. Social influences are well known to be crucial to the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The expectations of others and patients' own attitudes to their illness are also known to influence outcome. Despite this, there is no longitudinal study of first admission patients to allow us to examine the possible intervening or other role of depression in the development of chronic disability.

scholarly journals Maternal parenting predicts infant biobehavioral regulation among women with a history of childhood maltreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martinez-Torteya ◽  
Carolyn J. Dayton ◽  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Julia S. Seng ◽  
Ellen McGinnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractEarly biobehavioral regulation, a major influence of later adaptation, develops through dyadic interactions with caregivers. Thus, identification of maternal characteristics that can ameliorate or exacerbate infants’ innate vulnerabilities is key for infant well-being and long-term healthy development. The present study evaluated the influence of maternal parenting, postpartum psychopathology, history of childhood maltreatment, and demographic risk on infant behavioral and physiological (i.e., salivary cortisol) regulation using the still-face paradigm. Our sample included 153 women with high rates of childhood maltreatment experiences. Mother–infant dyads completed a multimethod assessment at 7 months of age. Structural equation modeling showed that maternal positive (i.e., sensitive, warm, engaged, and joyful) and negative (i.e., overcontrolling and hostile) behaviors during interactions were associated with concurrent maternal depressive symptoms, single parent status, and low family income. In turn, positive parenting predicted improved infant behavioral regulation (i.e., positive affect and social behaviors following the stressor) and decreased cortisol reactivity (i.e., posttask levels that were similar to or lower than baseline cortisol). These findings suggest increased risk for those women experiencing high levels of depressive symptoms postpartum and highlight the importance of maternal positive interactive behaviors during the first year for children's neurodevelopment.

Abstract P543: Association Of Tanning Bed Use With Depression In A Preventive Medicine Cohort: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Kinser ◽  
Beth B Wright ◽  
David Leonard ◽  
Laura F Defina
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tanning Beds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tanning Bed ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Importance: The use of tanning beds continues despite evidence of increased skin cancer risk among users. In the US, the prevalence of indoor tanning ranges from 35% of adults to 59% of college students. Objective: To investigate the association between depressive symptoms and tanning bed use. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas. Participants: Between September 2013 and June 2019, a total of 11,823 generally healthy men and women presented for preventive medical examinations. Exposure: Self-reported tanning bed use. Main Outcome and Measures: Depressive symptoms as indicated by a score of greater than or equal to 10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Results: Fifteen percent of participants had used a tanning bed prior to their examination. For men, tanning bed use was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.86; 95% CI:1.41-2.44). For women, the association between the use of tanning beds and depressive symptoms was significant in an unadjusted model, but was no longer significant after adjustment for confounders (OR: 1.26; 95% CI:0.99-1.61). However, the odds ratio was still in the direction of increased risk. Women with a personal history of depression were more likely to tan frequently and have higher CES-D scores than women with no personal history of depression ( p = .003). Conclusions and Relevance: In a generally healthy population, depressive symptoms were associated with the use of a tanning bed. This association was more evident in those with a history of depression, although remained true for those without a history of depression. As recurrent tanning bed use is known to contribute to the diagnosis of melanoma, it is critical to help patients identify other options to treat depression as well as to educate them on the risks of routine tanning bed use.

Correlates and predictors of self-harm in a prospective sample of sexually assaulted adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-859
Author(s):  
Fatima Valencia-Agudo ◽  
Tami Kramer ◽  
Venetia Clarke ◽  
Andrea Goddard ◽  
Sophie Khadr
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Sexual assault of adolescents is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including self-harm. Little is known about correlates and predictors of self-harm after sexual assault. We hypothesized that pre-assault vulnerabilities and post-assault psychological distress would be associated with self-harm after experiencing a recent sexual assault. Methods: The sample was recruited from adolescents aged 13 to 17 years accessing sexual assault centers and it included 98 females. Longitudinal data were collected at T0 (3.9 weeks on average post-assault) and T1 (21.8 weeks on average post-assault). Bivariate analysis and hierarchical binary logistic regressions were performed. Results: The rate of self-harm was 38.1% before the assault and 37.8% after the assault ( T1). History of family dysfunction ( OR 3.60 (1.30, 10.01)), depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 5.83 (2.35, 14.43)) or T1 ( OR 2.79 (1.20, 6.50), and posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 ( OR 3.21 (1.36, 7.58)) predicted self-harm at T1. These effects were attenuated when adjusting for confounders, except for depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 4.21 (1.57, 11.28)). Discussion: Clinical implications for the prevention of onset or continuation of self-harm following adolescent sexual assault are discussed. Future studies should replicate these findings in a larger sample and consider different trajectories of self-harm.

Correlates of Postpartum Depression in First Time Mothers Without Previous Psychiatric Contact

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Sylvén ◽  
T.P. Thomopoulos ◽  
N. Kollia ◽  
M. Jonsson ◽  
A. Skalkidou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder after childbirth. The strongest known predictors are a history of depression and/or a history of PPD. However, for a significant proportion of women, PPD constitutes their first depressive episode. This study aimed to gain further insight into the risk factors for PPD in first time mothers without previous psychiatric contact.MethodsWomen delivering in Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, from May 2006 to June 2007, were asked to participate and filled out questionnaires five days and six weeks postpartum, containing inter alia the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Univariate logistic regression models, as well as a path analysis, were performed to unveil the complex interplay between the study variables.ResultsOf the 653 participating primiparas, 10.3% and 6.4% reported depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 12 points) five days and six weeks postpartum, respectively. In the path analysis, a positive association between anxiety proneness and depressive symptoms at five days and six weeks postpartum was identified. For depressive symptoms six weeks after delivery, additional risk factors were detected, namely depressive symptoms five days postpartum and subjective experience of problems with the baby. Caesarean section and assisted vaginal delivery were associated with fewer depressive symptoms at 6 six weeks postpartum.ConclusionsIdentification of anxiety proneness, delivery mode and problems with the baby as risk factors for self-reported depressive symptoms postpartum in this group of primiparas can be important in helping health care professionals identify women at increased risk of affective disorders in the perinatal period, and provide a base for early intervention.

Is a History of Depressive Symptoms Associated With an Increased Risk of Infertility in Women?

1995 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Lapane ◽  
Sally Zierler ◽  
Thomas M. Lasater ◽  
Michael Stein ◽  
Marilyn M. Barbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Do Successive Preterm Births Increase the Risk of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Ihongbe ◽  
Saba W. Masho
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
High Risk Women ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
History Of

Background. Postpartum depression and preterm birth (PTB) are major problems affecting women’s health. PTB has been associated with increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). However, it is unclear if PTB in women with a prior history of PTB is associated with an incremental risk of PDS. This study aims to determine if PTB in women with a prior history of PTB is associated with an incremental risk of PDS. Methods. Data come from the 2009–2011 national Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Study sample included 55,681 multiparous women with singleton live births in the index delivery. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between PTB and PDS. Results. The risk of PDS was 55% higher in women with PTB in both deliveries (aRR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.28–1.88) and 74% higher in women with PTB in the index delivery only (aRR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.49–2.05), compared to women with term deliveries. Conclusions. Preterm birth is a risk factor for PDS. PTB in women with a prior history of PTB is not associated with an incremental risk of PDS. Routine screening for PDS should be conducted for all women and closer monitoring should be done for high risk women with PTB.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and neuroticism-related traits are the main factors associated with wellbeing independent of the history of lifetime depression in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chiara Fabbri ◽  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M. Lewis ◽  
Alessandro Serretti
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Wellbeing has a fundamental role in determining life expectancy and major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the main modulating factors of wellbeing. This study evaluated the modulators of wellbeing in individuals with lifetime recurrent MDD (RMDD), single-episode MDD (SMDD) and no MDD in the UK Biobank. Methods Scores of happiness, meaningful life and satisfaction about functioning were condensed in a functioning-wellbeing score (FWS). We evaluated depression and anxiety characteristics, neuroticism-related traits, physical diseases, lifestyle and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of psychiatric disorders. Other than individual predictors, we estimated the cumulative contribution to FWS of each group of predictors. We tested the indirect role of neuroticism on FWS through the modulation of depression manifestations using a mediation analysis. Results We identified 47 966, 21 117 and 207 423 individuals with lifetime RMDD, SMDD and no MDD, respectively. Depression symptoms and personality showed the largest impact on FWS (variance explained ~20%), particularly self-harm, worthlessness feelings during the worst depression, chronic depression, loneliness and neuroticism. Personality played a stronger role in SMDD. Anxiety characteristics showed a higher effect in SMDD and no MDD groups. Neuroticism played indirect effects through specific depressive symptoms that modulated FWS. Physical diseases and lifestyle explained only 4–5% of FWS variance. The PRS of MDD showed the largest effect on FWS compared to other PRSs. Conclusions This was the first study to comprehensively evaluate the predictors of wellbeing in relation to the history of MDD. The identified variables are important to identify individuals at risk and promote wellbeing.

scholarly journals Mediators of increased self-harm and suicidal ideation in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2524-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Oginni ◽  
E. J. Robinson ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
Q. Rahman ◽  
K. A. Rimes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

AbstractBackgroundSexual minority youth have elevated suicidal ideation and self-harm compared with heterosexual young people; however, evidence for mediating mechanisms is predominantly cross-sectional. Using a longitudinal design, we investigated self-esteem and depressive symptoms as mediators of increased rates of suicidal ideation or self-harm (SISH) among sexual minority youth, and the roles of childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) and sex as moderators of these relationships.MethodIn total, 4274 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort reported sexual orientation at age 15 years, and past-year SISH at age 20 years. Self-esteem and depressive symptoms were assessed at ages 17 and 18 years, respectively. CGN was measured at 30–57 months. Covariates included sociodemographic variables and earlier measures of mediator and outcome variables. Mediation pathways were assessed using structural equation modelling.ResultsSexual minority youth (almost 12% of the sample) were three times more likely than heterosexual youth to report past-year SISH (95% confidence interval 2.43–3.64) at 20 years. Two mediation pathways were identified: a single mediator pathway involving self-esteem and a multiple-mediated pathway involving self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Although CGN was associated with past-year SISH, it did not moderate any mediation pathways and there was no evidence for moderation by sex.ConclusionsLower self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms partly explain the increased risk for later suicidal ideation and self-harm in sexual minority youth. Preventive strategies could include self-esteem-enhancing or protecting interventions, especially in female sexual minority youth, and treatment of depression.

scholarly journals The Wessex Recent In-Patient Suicide Study, 2

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. King ◽  
David S. Baldwin ◽  
Julia M. A. Sinclair ◽  
Michael J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Patient Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundPsychiatric patients have an elevated risk of suicide while in hospital.AimsTo compare social, clinical and health-care delivery factors in in-patient and out-patient suicides and their controls.MethodRetrospective case-control study of 59 in-patients and 106 controls, matched for age, gender, diagnosis and admission date. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional multiple logistic regression.ResultsThere were seven independent increased-risk factors: history of deliberate self-harm, admission under the Mental Health Act, involvement of the police in admission, depressive symptoms, violence towards property, going absent without leave and a significant care professional being on leave. When compared with out-patient suicides, in-patients were more often female and male in-patients had a psychotic illness. Unlike the out-patient suicides, social factors were not found to be significant.ConclusionsThe characteristics of inpatient and out-patient suicides differ. Identified risk factors have relatively low sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression in patients with heart disease and their association with cardiovascular prognosis: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2689-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. de Miranda Azevedo ◽  
A. M. Roest ◽  
P. W. Hoen ◽  
P. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundSeveral prospective longitudinal studies have suggested that somatic/affective depressive symptoms, but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms, are related to prognosis in patients with heart disease, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression with cardiovascular prognosis in patients with heart disease using a meta-analytic perspective.MethodA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and PsycInfo. Thirteen prospective studies on symptom dimensions of depression and cardiovascular prognosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data on a total of 11 128 subjects. The risk estimates for each dimension of depressive symptoms, demographic and methodological variables were extracted from the included articles.ResultsIn least-adjusted analyses, both the somatic/affective [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.41, p < 0.001] and cognitive/affective (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15, p = 0.05) dimensions of depressive symptoms were associated with cardiovascular prognosis. In fully adjusted analyses, somatic/affective symptoms were significantly associated with adverse prognosis (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.29, p < 0.001) but cognitive/affective symptoms were not (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97–1.12, p = 0.25). An increase of one standard deviation (±1 s.d.) in the scores of the somatic/affective dimension was associated with a 32% increased risk of adverse outcomes (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001).ConclusionsSomatic/affective depressive symptoms were more strongly and consistently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with heart disease compared with cognitive/affective symptoms. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which somatic/affective depressive symptoms may affect cardiovascular prognosis.

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