The effects of the interplay of genetics and early environmental risk on the course of internalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashelle J. Musci ◽  
Katherine E. Masyn ◽  
Kelly Benke ◽  
Brion Maher ◽  
George Uhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractInternalizing symptoms during adolescence and beyond is a major public health concern, particularly because severe symptoms can lead to the diagnosis of a number of serious psychiatric conditions. This study utilizes a unique sample with a complex statistical method in order to explore Gene × Environment interactions found in internalizing symptoms during adolescence. Data for this study were drawn from a longitudinal prevention intervention study (n = 798) of Baltimore city school children. Internalizing symptom data were collected using self-report and blood or saliva samples genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 microarrays. A major depression polygenic score was created for each individual using information from the major depressive disorder Psychiatric Genetics Consortium and used as a predictor in a latent trait–state–occasion model. The major depressive disorder polygenic score was a significant predictor of the stable latent trait variable, which captures time-independent phenotypic variability. In addition, an early childhood stressor of death or divorce was a significant predictor of occasion-specific variables. A Gene × Environment interaction was not a significant predictor of the latent trait or occasion variables. These findings support the importance of genetics on the stable latent trait portion of internalizing symptoms across adolescence.

scholarly journals Polygenic interactions with environmental adversity in the aetiology of major depressive disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mullins ◽  
R. A. Power ◽  
H. L. Fisher ◽  
K. B. Hanscombe ◽  
J. Euesden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Gene Environment

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and disabling condition with well-established heritability and environmental risk factors. Gene–environment interaction studies in MDD have typically investigated candidate genes, though the disorder is known to be highly polygenic. This study aims to test for interaction between polygenic risk and stressful life events (SLEs) or childhood trauma (CT) in the aetiology of MDD.MethodThe RADIANT UK sample consists of 1605 MDD cases and 1064 controls with SLE data, and a subset of 240 cases and 272 controls with CT data. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed using results from a mega-analysis on MDD by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. PRS and environmental factors were tested for association with case/control status and for interaction between them.ResultsPRS significantly predicted depression, explaining 1.1% of variance in phenotype (p= 1.9 × 10−6). SLEs and CT were also associated with MDD status (p= 2.19 × 10−4andp= 5.12 × 10−20, respectively). No interactions were found between PRS and SLEs. Significant PRSxCT interactions were found (p= 0.002), but showed an inverse association with MDD status, as cases who experienced more severe CT tended to have a lower PRS than other cases or controls. This relationship between PRS and CT was not observed in independent replication samples.ConclusionsCT is a strong risk factor for MDD but may have greater effect in individuals with lower genetic liability for the disorder. Including environmental risk along with genetics is important in studying the aetiology of MDD and PRS provide a useful approach to investigating gene–environment interactions in complex traits.

scholarly journals The Symptom Structure of Postdisaster Major Depression: Convergence of Evidence from 11 Disaster Studies Using Consistent Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Carol S. North ◽  
David Baron
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Report Symptom ◽  
Symptom Patterns

Agreement has not been achieved across symptom factor studies of major depressive disorder, and no studies have identified characteristic postdisaster depressive symptom structures. This study examined the symptom structure of major depression across two databases of 1181 survivors of 11 disasters studied using consistent research methods and full diagnostic assessment, addressing limitations of prior self-report symptom-scale studies. The sample included 808 directly-exposed survivors of 10 disasters assessed 1–6 months post disaster and 373 employees of 8 organizations affected by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks assessed nearly 3 years after the attacks. Consistent symptom patterns identifying postdisaster major depression were not found across the 2 databases, and database factor analyses suggested a cohesive grouping of depression symptoms. In conclusion, this study did not find symptom clusters identifying postdisaster major depression to guide the construction and validation of screeners for this disorder. A full diagnostic assessment for identification of postdisaster major depressive disorder remains necessary.

Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Primary Care

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Teasdale ◽  
Melanie J. V. Fennell ◽  
George A. Hibbert ◽  
Peter L Amies
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Severity Of Depression

SummaryCognitive therapy for depression is a psychological treatment designed to train patients to identify and correct the negative depressive thinking which, it has been hypothesised, contributes to the maintenance of depression. General practice patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary major depressive disorder were randomly allocated either to continue with the treatment they would normally receive (which in the majority of cases included antidepressant medication) or to receive, in addition, sessions of cognitive therapy. At completion of treatment, patients receiving cognitive therapy were significantly less depressed than the comparison group, both on blind ratings of symptom severity made by psychiatric assessors and on a self-report measure of severity of depression. At three-month follow-up cognitive therapy patients no longer differed from patients receiving treatment-as-usual, but this was mainly as a result of continuing improvement in the comparison group.

The effectiveness of intravenous ketamine in adults with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder presenting with prominent anxiety: Results from the Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112095404
Author(s):  
Roger S McIntyre ◽  
Nelson B Rodrigues ◽  
Orly Lipsitz ◽  
Flora Nasri ◽  
Hartej Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Major Depressive

Background: Individuals meeting criteria for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are differentially affected by high levels of anxiety symptoms. Aims: There is a need to identify the efficacy of novel rapid-onset treatments in adults with mood disorders and comorbid anxious-distress. Methods: This study included patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) who were receiving intravenous (IV) ketamine treatment at a community-based clinic.Anxious-distress was proxied using items from the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report 16-item (QIDS-SR16) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD7) scales. The difference in QIDS-SR16 total score, QIDS-SR16 suicidal ideation (SI) item and GAD7 score were analyzed between groups. Results: A total of 209 adults with MDD ( n = 177) and BD ( n = 26) were included in this analysis. From this sample, 94 patients (mean = 45 ± 13.9 years) met the criteria for anxious-distress. Individuals meeting the criteria for anxious-distress exhibited a significantly greater reduction in QIDS-SR16 total score following four infusions ( p = 0.02) when compared with patients not meeting the anxious-distress criteria. Both anxious-distressed and low-anxiety patients exhibited a significant reduction in SI ( p < 0.0001) following four infusions.Finally, there was a significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms in the anxious-distress group compared with the non–anxious distress group following three ( p = 0.02) and four infusions ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with TRD and prominent anxiety receiving IV ketamine exhibited a significant reduction in depressive, SI and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Gene × environment interactions in the prediction of response to antidepressant treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Klengel ◽  
Elisabeth B. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Gene Environment

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is responsible for an increasing individual and global health burden. Extensive research on the genetic disposition to develop MDD and to predict the response to antidepressant treatment has yet failed to identify strong genetic effects. The concept of gene × environment interaction takes into account that environmental factors have been identified as important components in the development of MDD and combines both, genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, to elucidate complex traits such as MDD. Here, we review the current research on gene × environment interactions with regard to the development of MDD as well as response to antidepressant treatment. We hypothesize that gene × environment interactions delineate specific biological subtypes of depression and that individuals with such pathophysiological distinct types of depression will likely respond to different treatments. The elucidation of gene × environment interactions may thus not only help to understand the pathophysiology of MDD but could also provide markers for a personalized antidepressant therapy.

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