Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: III. Prediction to young-adult adjustment

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH M. CAPALDI ◽  
MIKE STOOLMILLER
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
Adult Adjustment

The prediction of young-adult adjustment from early adolescent conduct problems and depressive symptoms was examined for an at-risk sample of approximately 200 males. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms were expected to show stability to young adulthood. It was predicted that early adolescent conduct problems would be associated with a broad range of adjustment problems in young adulthood due to cumulative adjustment failures. Early adolescent depressive symptoms were expected particularly to predict poor relationships with parents and peers. Additive and interactive effects of the two predictors were examined. Conduct problems and depressive symptoms showed significant stability to young adulthood. Conduct problems were associated with a broad range of adjustment problems including continuing problems in peer associations, substance use, self-esteem, relationships with parents, and new problems in noncompletion of education, unemployment, driver's license suspensions, and causing pregnancies. Depressive symptoms predicted particularly to problems in social relationships. Higher levels of both conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescence did not predict to increased difficulties for any one outcome over either problem alone, either due to main or interaction effects. Such co-occurrence, however, did result in problem outcomes in multiple areas, thus, the poorest adjustment overall.

Early adolescent marijuana use: risks for the transition to young adulthood

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. BROOK ◽  
R. E. ADAMS ◽  
E. B. BALKA ◽  
E. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Occupational Expectations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Adolescent Marijuana Use

Background. This study assessed the relationship of early adolescent marijuana use to performance of developmental tasks integral to the transition to young adulthood. The tasks concerned intimacy, education, and work and social conformity.Methods. African American (N = 617) and Puerto Rican (N = 531) youths completed questionnaires in their classrooms. Five years later they were individually interviewed. Logistic regression analysis estimated the increased likelihood that early marijuana users would make an inadequate transition to young adult social roles.Results. Analyses examining the association between early marijuana use and 20 outcome variables found significant relationships for 10 of them: (a) having lower educational and occupational expectations; (b) being suspended or expelled from school, fired from jobs, ‘high’ at school or work, collecting welfare; and (c) rebelliousness, not participating in productive activities, not attending church, and being an unmarried parent. Marijuana use was not related to any of the intimate relationship measures. These finding emerged with controls on gender, ethnicity, age and mother's education. Conclusions. Among African Americans and Puerto Ricans, early marijuana use predicts less adequate performance on some developmental tasks integral to becoming an independent young adult. Marijuana is not a benign drug and is associated with future risks for the individual and society at large.

scholarly journals Childhood Depressive Symptoms Predict Psychiatric Problems in Young Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva T Aronen ◽  
Mika Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of childhood depressive symptoms for psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning, and self-performance in young adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 111 young adults born during 1975–1976 in the Helsinki region. The young adults were assessed in childhood (10 to 11 years of age) using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and at the age of 20 to 21 years using Achenbach's Young Adult Self Report (YASR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Wallston Self-Performance Survey. Results: Self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood predicted psychiatric symptoms (especially aggression), poor adaptive functioning, and low self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in children should be addressed to prevent later psychiatric problems. The CDI may be a measure of nonspecific psychopathology rather than of pure depression—thus, it may be a good screening tool for child populations.

scholarly journals Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Pregnancy and Brain Age in Young Adult Offspring: Findings from a Prenatal Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 3991-3999
Author(s):  
Klara Mareckova ◽  
Radek Marecek ◽  
Lenka Andryskova ◽  
Milan Brazdil ◽  
Yuliya S Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
Structural Brain

Abstract Maternal depression during pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of anxiety and depression in offspring, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we conducted a neuroimaging follow-up of a prenatal birth cohort from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (n = 131; 53% women, age 23–24) to test whether deviations from age-normative structural brain development in young adulthood may partially underlie this link. Structural brain age was calculated based on previously published neuroanatomical age prediction models using cortical thickness maps from healthy controls aged 6–89. Brain age gap was computed as the difference between chronological and structural brain age. Participants also completed self-report measures of anxiety and mood dysregulation. Further, mothers of a subset of participants (n = 103, 54% women) answered a self-report questionnaire in 1990–1992 about depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Higher exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in utero showed a linear relationship with elevated brain age gap, which showed a quadratic relationship with anxiety and mood dysregulation in the young adult offspring. Our findings suggest that exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in utero may be associated with accelerated brain maturation and that deviations from age-normative structural brain development in either direction predict more anxiety and dysregulated mood in young adulthood.

scholarly journals When inflammation and depression go together: The longitudinal effects of parent–child relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1969-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. H. Beach ◽  
Man Kit Lei ◽  
Ronald L. Simons ◽  
Ashley B. Barr ◽  
Leslie G. Simons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Partner Relationships ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractParent–child relationships have long-term effects on health, particularly later inflammation and depression. We hypothesized that these effects would be mediated by later romantic partner relationships and elevated stressors in young adulthood, helping promote chronic, low grade, inflammation as well as depressive symptoms, and driving their covariation. It has been proposed recently that youth experiencing harsher parenting may also develop a stronger association between inflammation and depressive symptoms in adulthood and altered effects of stressors on outcomes. In the current investigation, we test these ideas using an 18-year longitudinal study ofN= 413 African American youth that provides assessment of the parent–child relationship (at age 10), pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and depressive symptoms (at age 28), and potential mediators in early young adulthood (assessed at ages 21 and 24). As predicted, the effect of harsher parent–child relationships (age 10) on pro-inflammatory state and increased depressive symptoms at age 28 were fully mediated through young adult stress and romantic partner relationships. In addition, beyond these mediated effects, parent–child relationships at age 10 moderated the concurrent association between inflammation and depressive symptoms, as well as the prospective association between romantic partner relationships and inflammation, and resulted in substantially different patterns of indirect effects from young adult mediators to outcomes. The results support theorizing that the association of depression and inflammation in young adulthood is conditional on earlier parenting, and suggest incorporating this perspective into models predicting long-term health outcomes.

scholarly journals The Long Shadow of Peers: Adolescent Networks and Young Adult Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Molly Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Prestige

Connections with peers play an important role in adolescent mental health, but their lasting impact is unclear. This study examines whether structural status and support in adolescent networks predict depressive symptoms years later. Using data from the PROSPER Peers study (n = 1017), I find that the persistent effects of networks differ based on the mental health of teens and their friends. Structures of status and support relate to young adult mental health only for individuals who experience depressive symptoms as teens. Among depressive adolescents, popularity predicts lower subsequent depressive symptoms, while high prestige predicts higher depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Embeddedness among depressed friends also predicts higher young adult depressive symptoms. Overall, findings suggest relationships with peers can set the stage for mental health for adolescents who experience depressive symptoms or have depressive friends.

Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: II. A 2-year follow-up at Grade 8

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Capaldi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Grade 8

AbstractThe current study examines outcomes at Grade 8 for boys who, at Grade 6, displayed elevated, though not necessarily clinical, levels of conduct problems and depressive symptoms. An at-risk community sample of 203 early adolescent boys in the Oregon Youth Study, a multimethod/multiagent study, was divided into the following groups at Grade 6: (a) co-occurring conduct problems and depressed mood, (b) conduct problems only, (c) depressed mood only, and (d) neither problem. The four groups were compared at Grade 8 on family management and boy's adjustment, using multivariate analyses of variance. The groups were compared also on relationships with parents, delinquency, and suicidal ideation. As hypothesized, conduct problems showed higher stability than depressive symptoms from Grade 6 to Grade 8. The conduct-problem-only boys and boys with co-occurring conduct problems and depressive symptoms continued to show considerable adjustment deficits at Grade 8, whereas boys with only depressive symptoms showed some improvement. The co-occurring group showed elevated levels of suicidal ideation. As hypothesized, conduct problems at Grade 6 were predictive of increases in depressed mood by Grade 8, but depressed mood was not predictive of an increase in the conduct problems measure. Results are consistent with a failure model whereby lack of skill and noxious behavior lead to pervasive failures and vulnerability to depressed mood.

scholarly journals Role of overlapping genetic and environmental factors in the relationship between early adolescent conduct problems and substance use in young adulthood

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin J. H. Verweij ◽  
Hanneke E. Creemers ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Antti Latvala ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Change of Depressive Symptoms Trajectory of Classes From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Kyoung Lee ◽  
K. A. S. Wickrama ◽  
Catherine W. O'Neal
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adulthood

Navigating being a young adult with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Normann ◽  
Kirsten Arntz Boisen ◽  
Peter Uldall ◽  
Anne Brødsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
New Challenges

AbstractObjectivesYoung adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face potential challenges. The transition to young adulthood is characterized by significant changes in roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, young adults with chronic conditions face a transfer from pediatric care to adult healthcare. This study explores how living with CP affects young adults in general, and specifically which psychosocial, medical and healthcare needs are particularly important during this phase of life.MethodsA qualitative study with data from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six young adults with CP (ages 21–31 years) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. The participants were selected to provide a maximum variation in age, gender, Gross Motor Function Classification System score and educational background. A descriptive thematic analysis was used to explore patterns and identify themes.ResultsThree themes were identified: “Being a Young Adult”, “Development in Physical Disability and New Challenges in Adulthood” and “Navigating the Healthcare System”. The three themes emerged from 15 sub-themes. Our findings emphasized that young adults with CP faced psychosocial challenges in social relationships, participation in education and work settings and striving towards independence. The transition to young adulthood led to a series of new challenges that the young adults were not prepared for. Medical challenges included managing CP-related physical and cognitive symptoms and navigating adult health care services, where new physicians with insufficient knowledge regarding CP were encountered.ConclusionThe young adults with CP were not prepared for the challenges and changes they faced during their transition into adulthood. They felt that they had been abandoned by the healthcare system and lacked a medical home. Better transitional care is urgently needed to prepare them for the challenges in young adulthood.

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