The Performance of British Agriculture and the Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy: An Historical Review

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Burkitt ◽  
Mark Baimbridge
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

United Kingdom (UK) accession into the European Economic Community (EEC), which became a political likelihood in 1970 and an actuality in 1973, led to a major change in agricultural policy away from a deficiency payments system supporting farmers' incomes towards the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) method of assistance through farm prices above the market level. Such a basic alteration in government activity not only imposed well-known and thoroughly researched costs on the British economy in the form of higher food prices and an additional burden of protection, it also undermined dominant post-1945 historical trends.Firstly, it reversed a thirty year old process towards greater British self-sufficiency Between 1938 and 1946 UK agricultural production rose in value from 42% to 52% of the country's food imports, while under the deficiency payments scheme, permanently established in peacetime by the 1947 Agriculture Act, the proportion of UK food consumption supplied by domestic producers grew steadily until it reached a level of just under 72% in 1972. EEC membership, involving compulsory adoption of the CAP, initially reversed this movement; British agricultural self-sufficiency fell to 66% in 1977, the year when the Common External Tariff (CET) was first applied in full. The higher import bill that inevitably resulted imposed a severe strain on the UK balance of payments, estimated by the pro-market. Heath government in 1970 at a net annual deterioration in the range of 18% to 26%.

scholarly journals What Common Agricultural Policy after Brexit?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christilla Roederer-Rynning ◽  
Alan Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Suppose we were in 2028: what would the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) look like then? Would it be significantly different from the policy we know today? How, and why? And to what extent would Brexit have catalyzed these changes? The CAP is one of the founding policies of the EU and a strategic lever to address critical 21st century challenges such as climate change and the rising demand for food at the global level. It also has an important role in Europe to address the growing urban-rural divide and its potentially destabilizing impact on European politics. In this article, we examine the impact of Brexit from a political-economic perspective emphasizing the multi-level context within which the CAP is embedded. As an EU member state, the UK found a way to partly accommodate the CAP to its needs even though this policy was a source of intense UK dissatisfaction with the EU. Post-Brexit, the budgetary and market implications of the UK’s departure may favour positions that support a return to a more traditional policy of farm income support. On the other hand, more radical farm policies in England and Wales could partly offset these effects by setting the agenda for continued CAP reform, if they are seen to be successful.

scholarly journals Płatności prośrodowiskowe jako instrument ochrony użytkowej biosfery w rolnictwie

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Beata Jeżyńska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Quality Assessments ◽  
The Impact

<p>The need to keep the expected level of production in agriculture generates a serious burden on the environment. The most important environmental factors exposed to the impact of agriculture include biodiversity and water, air, and soil quality. Assessments of all these environmental aspects related to agricultural production are negative. The condition of the agricultural environment has been subject to rapid deterioration. In such a situation, environmental instruments have drawn particular attention from the European legislature when developing new guidelines of the Common Agricultural Policy to be applicable after 2020.</p>

scholarly journals European perspectives on nitrogen fixation and the application of mineral nitrogen

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
L.R. Mytton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Subsidies

An analysis is made of the main factors influencing nitrogen use in the European Union (EU). The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is identified as a major factor. A brief explanation is given of its functions and of recent reforms which are aimed at reducing overproduction. These reforms should favour more efficient use of nitrogen. The reasons why this is difficult to achieve are explained and the major factors influencing our ability to balance the nitrogen economies of food production are identified. The interrelationship between these factors is then used to predict the impact of CAP reforms on research, on fertiliser use and on the wider use of legumes. Keywords: Common Agricultural Policy, Europe, farm subsidies, legumes, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fertiliser, nitrogen fixation, over-production, pollution, soil organic matter

scholarly journals The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union on the General Price Level of Countries that Joined in the Period from 2004 to 2007

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255
Author(s):  
Ivana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
General Price Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractApplication of The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union implies the existence of a single market (without customs duties on mutual trade), the community’s priority in meeting the needs for agricultural products (protection against imports) and the existence of financial solidarity (joint financing). Joining the European Union for new member states implies the termination of the implementation of the existing national agricultural policy and the the beginning of the implementation of the CAP. Although membership in the European Union implies many advantages, the period after joining this community can be quite economically unstable for some countries. One of the most significant problems is an increase in agricultural product prices and a rise in the general price level (inflation). The above can be confirmed by a simple empirical analysis of the economic indicators of the countries that joined the EU together in the period from 2004 until 2007.

Dopady společné zemědělské politiky EU na české zemědělce v období 2014–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Stromská ◽  
Dominika Tóthová ◽  
Katarína Melichová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU in the Czech Republic brought many changes in the functioning and financing of agriculture in the Czech Republic with political, economic, and social impacts and many challenges and threats for Czech farmers. Since the Czech Republic acceded to the EU, the Common Agricultural Policy has been reformed several times. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on Czech farmers in 2014–2020. The evaluation is based on a qualitative survey among selected farmers in the Moravian-Silesian and Olomouc regions. The research results show that enterprises positively evaluate financial stability and the overall protection of the agricultural sector. Support for the diversification of agriculture and support for the investment was also highlighted. On the contrary, the administrative burden, great emphasis on cross compliance rules, differences in the payments in EU countries, reducing the competitiveness of Czech agriculture and unfavourable conditions for livestock farmers were assessed negatively.

THE IMPACT OF THE SELECTED INSTRUMENTS OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON CHANGES IN THE LAND RESOURCES OF THE SMALL FARMS FROM MAŁOPOLSKA PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Dariusz Żmija
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Small Impact ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the changes in land resources of small farms in the Małopolskie Province in the years 2004-2015 which were a result of using of selected CAP instruments. In the light of the results of the research, it should be noted that the examined CAP instruments had a relatively small impact on the size of land area. Less than one fifth of the respondents made changes in the land resources. Considering only farms that have increased their area it can be stated that the area of agricultural land of these farms increased by 3.7%. This situation is not favorable, especially in the situation of large agrarian fragmentation of farms in Małopolskie Province.

1992 - The implications for the uk pig industry

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
R W Dean
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Commercial Environment ◽  
The Way

The objective of the paper is to assess the overall structural and competitive implications for the UK pig industry of the EC Single Market; colloquially known as “1992”.Particular attention is paid both to the effect of those changes in the commercial environment which 1992 will introduce and, secondly, to those aspects which differentiate the UK pig industry from its continental competitors. Analysis of these aspects will assist in drawing conclusions as to the likely effect of the Single Market and in determining an appropriate strategy for addressing the new situation.A body of admittedly largely circumstantial evidence suggests that the UK pig producer believes the advent of the Single Market will have little relevance to the way in which he conducts his business. This view is buttressed by his perception of the agricultural world as governed by the workings of the Common Agricultural Policy which is regarded as the principle influence upon agriculture and its commercial fortunes.

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