Beyond advanced stages in high-level spoken L2 French

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANNY FORSBERG LUNDELL ◽  
INGE BARTNING ◽  
HUGUES ENGEL ◽  
ANNA GUDMUNDSON ◽  
VICTORINE HANCOCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Lexical Richness ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Continuum

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is twofold: first, to find evidence for additional advanced stages in L2 French. The continuum of Bartning and Schlyter (2004) is taken as a point of departure. It is hypothesized that a number of linguistic criteria will account for high-level proficiency. It was earlier found that besides morpho-syntax, formulaic sequences and information structure are interesting phenomena for highly proficient learners (Bartning, Forsberg and Hancock, 2009). Three more measures are now added, i.e. perceived nativelikeness, lexical richness and fluency.The second aim of this study is to contribute to the debate on the possibility of nativelike attainment. The study shows that several measures are prone to characterise nativelike performance in highly proficient users among whom some attain nativelikeness.

ON THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC CONTEXTUAL FACTORS FOR MORPHOSYNTACTIC STABILIZATION IN HIGH-LEVEL L2 FRENCH

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Bartning ◽  
Fanny Forsberg Lundell ◽  
Victorine Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Explanation

The purpose of this article is to offer contextual linguistic explanations for morphosyntactic deviances (MSDs) in high-level second language (L2) French (30 nonnative speakers vs. 10 native speakers). It is hypothesized that the distribution of formulaic sequences (FSs) and the complexity of information structure will influence the occurrence of MSDs. The study reports that MSDs rarely occur within FSs, and if they do, they occur within sequences containing open slots for creative rule application. The rhematic part of the utterance attracts more MSDs due to the fact that this part is more syntactically complex than the preamble (the thematic part). An additional explanation is the mean length of the rhematic part, which is longer than the preamble and implies a higher processing load. A final explanation of MSD occurrence in the rheme is linked to the distribution of FSs in the information structure. The results are discussed in relation to the ongoing debate on the constructs of complexity, accuracy, and fluency—a promising area of study.

scholarly journals DECONSTRUCTING COMPREHENSIBILITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Isaacs ◽  
Pavel Trofimovich
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Lexical Richness ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Communicative Success ◽  
High Level ◽  
International English

Comprehensibility, a major concept in second language (L2) pronunciation research that denotes listeners’ perceptions of how easily they understand L2 speech, is central to interlocutors’ communicative success in real-world contexts. Although comprehensibility has been modeled in several L2 oral proficiency scales—for example, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)—shortcomings of existing scales (e.g., vague descriptors) reflect limited empirical evidence as to which linguistic aspects influence listeners’ judgments of L2 comprehensibility at different ability levels. To address this gap, a mixed-methods approach was used in the present study to gain a deeper understanding of the linguistic aspects underlying listeners’ L2 comprehensibility ratings. First, speech samples of 40 native French learners of English were analyzed using 19 quantitative speech measures, including segmental, suprasegmental, fluency, lexical, grammatical, and discourse-level variables. These measures were then correlated with 60 native English listeners’ scalar judgments of the speakers’ comprehensibility. Next, three English as a second language (ESL) teachers provided introspective reports on the linguistic aspects of speech that they attended to when judging L2 comprehensibility. Following data triangulation, five speech measures were identified that clearly distinguished between L2 learners at different comprehensibility levels. Lexical richness and fluency measures differentiated between low-level learners; grammatical and discourse-level measures differentiated between high-level learners; and word stress errors discriminated between learners of all levels.

scholarly journals Development in the Regulation of Wages and Working Conditions: The Employee Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laust Høgedahl ◽  
Henning Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employee Perspective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Point Of Departure

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">The Nordic countries are renowned for their high level of unionization and collective bargaining. However, globalization, Europeanization, and an increasing individualization are often pictured as factors suppressing collective regulation. In this article, we look at the developments in the regulation of wages and working conditions from a macro perspective by combing two large cross- sectional surveys into a longitudinal study with point of departure in the Danish case. We find that collective bargaining coverage continues to stand surprisingly strong, both in terms of being very widespread and in employee awareness, but Danish wage and salary earners also have an interest in extra support in the form of generalization and/or a politically regulated minimum wage </div></div></div>

Immediate tree uprooting after retention-felling in a coniferous boreal forest in Fennoscandia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3167-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Hautala ◽  
Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Coniferous Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Uprooting ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Continuum

We studied the immediate effects of retention-felling on the occurrence of tree uprooting in two different types of boreal spruce forest in Finland to determine whether susceptibility to uprooting is dependent on the biotope. During the first post-treatment year, 7.1% of the trees in the paludified forest type and 1.8% in the upland forest type were uprooted. During the 2 following post-treatment years, uprooting percentages increased considerably (39.3% in the paludified type and 11.5% in the upland type in year 2; 48.3% in the paludified type and 15.2% in the upland type in year 3). Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), the dominant species in both forest types, was the species most susceptible to uprooting. The high uprooting rate in the paludified groups was probably caused by an interaction between the rocky ground and moist overlying peat layer with the shallow root system of P. abies. As paludified forest biotopes are generally recognized to have high biodiversity, the use of green-tree retention in these biotypes may enhance the continuum and survival of sensitive species. Moreover, because of the high level of uprooting, green-tree retention in paludified forest types can quickly and more naturally help restore levels of coarse woody debris.

Moving Along the Continuum of Loyalty From a Standard Towards Rules

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Yifat Naftali Ben Zion
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
Duty Of Loyalty ◽  
High Level ◽  
Informative Content ◽  
Exercise Of Discretion ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract This article focuses on the location of the duty of loyalty—a unique legal norm in Common Law jurisdictions—both actual and desirable, on the continuum between rules and standards. A rule is a relatively ‘closed’ technical norm, at a high level of specificity; it requires little judicial discretion. A standard is an ‘open’ norm, with a greater degree of flexibility, that requires the exercise of discretion. The insights from this jurisprudential perspective are used to reveal the preferred way for further developing the duty of loyalty. The article explains that ‘loyalty,’ intuitively classified as a ‘pure’ standard, has been reconstructed over time as more specific rules. Moreover, it suggests that, ideally, this movement should continue; namely, when applying loyalty to a specific case, courts should include informative content that would promote predictability. It then illustrates that, unfortunately, this road is not always taken by the courts. A decision to retain loyalty as an ad hoc standard, or an inverse attempt to delineate the boundaries of this norm, has implications on the certainty, consistency, and ethical content of the law. Considering that this duty spreads across different legal fields, personal and commercial, the significance of this discussion becomes all the more evident.

General Stability Analysis of Lattice Shells by Continuum Modeling

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Sumec
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Stability ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
Shallow Shells ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Lattice Shells ◽  
The Continuum

In this paper a linear elastic stability problem of lightweight lattice shells is studied. For this purpose a calculation on an equivalent rigidity continuum model is used. It is assumed that the rods of the analysed shells consist of a homogeneous, isotropic elastic material the mechanical properties of which are invariant in the time. The Author derived analytical expressions the point of departure of which is the theory of finite deflections of shallow shells. The use of the Bubnov-Galerkine method allows to define a relationships yielding the values of critical stress in closed analytical form. The effect of initial geometrical shell imperfections of the “medial” surface is taken into consideration, too. Sample numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the continuum modeling approach. The obtained theoretical results are documented some of the numerical examples.

scholarly journals Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: from early diagnosis to successful kidney transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Reis ◽  
Ana Marta Gomes ◽  
Clara Santos ◽  
Daniela Lopes ◽  
João Carlos Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dialysis Withdrawal

Abstract Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is an uncommon but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. In most cases, the symptoms appear after peritoneal dialysis withdrawal, which hampers its diagnosis. We present the case of a 44-years-old Caucasian male who had been on peritoneal dialysis for 6 years and 3 months and was switched to hemodialysis due to ultrafiltration failure. During his last months on peritoneal dialysis, he developed anorexia and asthenia, which were initially attributed to dialysis inadequacy. After hemodialysis induction, the patient developed abdominal pain, increased abdominal volume, obstipation alternating with diarrhea, and weight loss. Computed tomography showed de novo ascites. A diagnosis of early encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis was considered, and treatment was promptly initiated with nutritional support, oral prednisolone, and tamoxifen for one year. The patient progressed with resolution of the symptoms. One month after the end of the treatment, he underwent a successful kidney transplant and remain without any major intercurrences. A high level of clinical suspicion is crucial for the early diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis as the disease can be fatal in advanced stages. This case highlights that with early treatment, kidney transplantation can be successfully performed after an episode of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.

scholarly journals A Review on Strain Gradient Plasticity Approaches in Simulation of Manufacturing Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Raffaele Russo ◽  
Franck Andrés Girot Mata ◽  
Samuel Forest ◽  
Dimitri Jacquin
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Strain Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
The Continuum

Predicting the performances of a manufactured part is extremely important, especially for industries in which there is almost no room for uncertainties, such as aeronautical or automotive. Simulations performed by means of numerical methods such as Finite Element Methods represent a powerful instrument in achieving high level of predictability. However, some particular combinations of manufactured materials and manufacturing processes might lead to unfavorable conditions in which the classical mathematical models used to predict the behavior of the continuum are not anymore able to deliver predictions that are in good agreement with experimental evidence. Since the first evidences of the shortcomings of the classical model were highlighted, many non-classical continuum mechanics theories have been developed, and most of them introduce dependencies at different levels with the Plastic Strain Gradient. This manuscript aims at gathering the milestone contributions among the Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories developed so far, with the object of exploring the way they interface with the requirements posed by the challenges in simulating manufacturing operations. Finally, the most relevant examples of the applications of Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories for manufacturing simulations have been reported from literature.

scholarly journals Creating Dementia-Inclusive Communities Using a Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 513-513
Author(s):  
Margaret Sanders ◽  
Jennifer Drost
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Developmentally Disabled ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Interagency Coordination ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract The Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) sponsored by HRSA provides an organizing framework around which dementia inclusive community initiatives can be successfully implemented and sustained. The overarching goal of all GWEPs is to improve outcomes for older adults by promoting evidence-based education that spans the continuum of care. This includes integration of academic, clinical, and community-based providers. By their very nature, all GWEPs partner across agencies throughout the state to deliver interprofessional education that will impact people living with dementia and their caregivers at the community, primary care, and acute care levels. Dementia inclusive community initiatives must have this kind of high-level interagency coordination. Our GWEP has successfully implemented Dementia Friends sessions across multiple sectors (Veterans, EMS, clergy, libraries, developmentally disabled, living alone) both in-person and virtually due to COVID-19. This symposium will share the methods to organize at the community level to deliver a unified message community-wide.

Functional descriptions used in computer support for qualitative scheme generation—“Schemebuilder”

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bracewell ◽  
J.E.E. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
High Level

AbstractWith increased pressures coming from global competition and requirements for greater innovation in product development, designers are hard pressed to deliver designs of higher quality and variety using a repertoire of technological options from different disciplines. This interdisciplinary product development approach has not only removed many of the traditional constraints to design but has now given designers a much wider freedom of choice as to the best solution to a design problem. The focus of this paper is a knowledge-based design environment called Schemebuilder, which is a comprehensive and integrated suite of software tools aimed at supporting the designer in the rapid development of product design models in the conceptual, through embodiment stages of design. Illustrated is the use of the software tools in the qualitative generation of alternative schemes, by application of stored working and decomposition principles in the development of a function-means tree-like information structure. With mechatronic product development as the main theme, this paper describes a closely integrated methodology that incorporates a bond graph approach to continuous-time energetic systems and high-level Petri nets for the rigorous description of discrete-time information systems. Additionally, a technique is suggested for the decomposition of free format statements of need into the rigorously defined design context and required functions, which form the starting point of the function-means development process.

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