scholarly journals The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÔMULO ROMEU NÓBREGA ALVES ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA ◽  
HELDER FARIAS P. ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Commercial Network ◽  
Live Bird

SummaryBrazil’s rich biological and cultural diversity makes it an exceptional location for examining the commerce in live wild birds and its implications for conservation. This paper catalogues the live bird species being traded in Brazil, characterises the trade in these animals, and discusses the implications for avian conservation. In spite of being illegal, capturing and selling birds is still a very common practice in Brazil and involves many actors who make up part of a large commercial network that distributes wild animals to every corner of the country. Our survey revealed that at least 295 bird species are illegally sold as pets in Brazil, with estimates derived from this data pointing to a total of more than 400 species - about 23% of the number of extant bird species in the country. Of the bird species recorded, two were classified as “Critically Endangered”, nine as “Endangered”, six as “Vulnerable”, and 19 as “Near Threatened” according to the most recent IUCN Red List. Most of the species recorded in this study as being widely bought and sold (including on the international market) are not listed by CITES even though many of them are in fact threatened. In light of the widespread illegal trade in wild birds in Brazil and the conservation implications for the species involved, there is an urgent need for actions that can control these activities. Steps should be taken to address the illegal traffic directly and these must include monitoring, law enforcement, effective sentencing (including deterrent sentences), targeting end-users, captive breeding, and education at all levels, taking into account the cultural, economic, social, and ecological aspects of the human populations involved.

scholarly journals How many bird extinctions have we prevented?

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart H.M. Butchart ◽  
Alison J. Stattersfield ◽  
Nigel J. Collar
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Principal Actions

Considerable resources and efforts have been directed at biodiversity conservation in recent years, but measures of the success of conservation programmes have been limited. Based on information on population sizes, trends, threatening processes and the nature and intensity of conservation actions implemented during 1994–2004, we assessed that 16 bird species would have probably become extinct during this period if conservation programmes for them had not been undertaken. The mean minimum population size of these 16 species increased from 34 to 147 breeding individuals during 1994–2004. In 1994, 63% of them had declining populations but by 2004, 81% were increasing. Most of these species (63%) are found on islands. The principal threats that led to their decline were habitat loss and degradation (88%), invasive species (50%) and exploitation (38%), a pattern similar to that for other threatened species, but with exploitation and invasive species being relatively more important. The principal actions carried out were habitat protection and management (75% of species), control of invasive species (50%), and captive breeding and release (33%). The 16 species represent only 8.9% of those currently classified as Critically Endangered, and 1.3% of those threatened with extinction. Many of these additional species slipped closer to extinction during 1994–2004, including 164 that deteriorated in status sufficiently to be uplisted to higher categories of extinction risk on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2006). Efforts need to be considerably scaled up to prevent many more extinctions in the coming decades. The knowledge and tools to achieve this are available, but we need to mobilize the resources and political will to apply them.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Bird community and it’s conservation implications in Gunung Tunak Nature Park, Lombok, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITO HADIPRAYITNO ◽  
AGIL AL IDRUS ◽  
I GDE MERTHA ◽  
M LIWA ILHAMDI ◽  
I WAYAN SUANA
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Bird Fauna ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract. Hadiprayitno G, Al Idrus A, Mertha IG, Ilhamdi ML, Suana IW. 2019. Birds community and it's conservation implications in Gunung Tunak Nature Park, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1753-1757.  Bird community is an important indicator of ecosystem health. A study was conducted in Gunung Tunak Nature Park to analyze the composition of bird species and the abundance and diversity of bird species. Data were collected by survey method from May to August 2017 on three trails. The bird fauna of  Gunung Tunak Nature Park consisted of 32 species belonging to 27 families and 10 orders. The order Passeriformes accounted for the dominant family and species, with an abundance of 61.6%. The species with the highest abundance is Zosterops chloris (13.9%), following by Orthotomus sepium (12.2%), and Streptopelia chinensis (10.4%). While the diversity index was 3.03, indicating that the bird community in Gunung Tunak Nature Park is still well preserved. Five species are of high conservation priority based on protected by Indonesian Law, Endemicity of Wallacea, and the IUCN Red list i.e., Megapodius reinwardt, Pitta elegans, Caloenas nicobarica, Lalage sueurii, and Dicrurus densus.

How secure is the Lord Howe Island Woodhen? A population viability analysis using VORTEX

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry W. Brook ◽  
Leong Lim ◽  
Robert Harden ◽  
Richard Frankham
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Population Viability Analysis ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Endangered Status

The Lord Howe Island Woodhen is a flightless rail endemic to Lord Howe Island that became endangered due to human over-exploitation and predation from wild pigs. It has recently recovered from a population size of 20?30 to around 200 as a result of a captive breeding and reintroduction programme. Its classification has been downgraded from endangered to vulnerable, but no quantitative assessment of its future prospects had been undertaken. A population viability analysis (PVA) was performed on the Lord Howe Island Woodhen to project its possible fate using VORTEX, a package that realistically reflects the woodhen's recent history. Prospective analyses showed the woodhen to be acutely sensitive to minor changes in mortality and fecundity, and to catastrophes, due to exotic species, inbreeding, or disease. A remote population needs to be established if the likelihood of the woodhen's extinction is to be minimized. According to the most recent IUCN Red List categories, the woodhen satisfies the criteria for endangered status.

scholarly journals Abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species in disturbed and undisturbed limestone habitats using camera trapping, Central Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANANYA PLA-ARD ◽  
WIPAVEE HOONHEANG ◽  
BUNYATHIPORN KAEWDEE ◽  
TARAPON PANGANTA ◽  
KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Thailand

Abstract: Pla-ard M, Hoonheang W, Kaewdee B, Panganta T, Charaspet K, Khoiesri N, Paansri P, Kanka P, Chanachai Y, Thongbanthum J, Bangthong P, Sukmasuang R. 2021. Abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species in disturbed and undisturbed limestone habitats using camera trapping, Central Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3620-3631.  This study on the abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species was conducted in the limestone mountainous area of Central Thailand, located on the east of Dong Phaya Yen-Khao Yai forest complex. Camera traps were placed in both habitats disturbed by limestone mining and undisturbed habitat areas. From the study, a total of 38 species of mammals and birds from 27 families in 13 orders were recorded, including 15 species of mammals from 6 orders, 12 families and 23 species of birds from 14 families in 7 orders. Fifteen species of mammals were recorded in the undisturbed area and 11 were recorded in the disturbed area, with the Malayan Pangolin, Small Indian Civet and Grey-bellied Squirrel found in the undisturbed area. However, the number of bird species in the limestone mining area was larger than in the undisturbed area. It was also found that there was no difference in the overall abundance and diversity of mammalian species between disturbed and undisturbed areas, which is not in accordance with the hypothesis. But in the case of wild birds, the relative abundance of wild birds was found to differ significantly between areas. A high number was found in the areas with mining activities, although there was no difference in the diversity index of the two areas. However, it was found that when the combined data was analyzed, there was a significant difference in the daily activity of both mammals and wild birds in both areas. Many rare wildlife species were recorded during this study, for example, the Malayan Pangolin, Serow, Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Rufous Limestone-babbler, Golden Jackal, Leopard Cat, Large-toothed Ferret Badger, Small Asian Mongoose, Common Palm Civet, Small Indian Civet, Malayan Porcupine. The key measure proposed is to preserve some natural habitats within the areas with mining activities, as wildlife remains in the area.

Exchange of Newcastle disease viruses in Korea: The relatedness of isolates between wild birds, live bird markets, poultry farms and neighboring countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Yoon Kim ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Myeong-Seob Kim ◽  
Jun-Hyuk Jang ◽  
Yu-Na Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Live Bird

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

scholarly journals The dynamics underlying avian extinction trajectories forecast a wave of extinctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 20190633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Monroe ◽  
Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽  
Arne O. Mooers ◽  
Folmer Bokma
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Risk Categories

Population decline is a process, yet estimates of current extinction rates often consider just the final step of that process by counting numbers of species lost in historical times. This neglects the increased extinction risk that affects a large proportion of species, and consequently underestimates the effective extinction rate. Here, we model observed trajectories through IUCN Red List extinction risk categories for all bird species globally over 28 years, and estimate an overall effective extinction rate of 2.17 × 10 −4 /species/year. This is six times higher than the rate of outright extinction since 1500, as a consequence of the large number of species whose status is deteriorating. We very conservatively estimate that global conservation efforts have reduced the effective extinction rate by 40%, but mostly through preventing critically endangered species from going extinct rather than by preventing species at low risk from moving into higher-risk categories. Our findings suggest that extinction risk in birds is accumulating much more than previously appreciated, but would be even greater without conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds at live bird markets, Egypt, 2014‐2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Kayed ◽  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mokhtar R. Gomaa ◽  
Rabeh El‐Shesheny ◽  
Sara Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

scholarly journals Zanzibar's endemic red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii: first systematic and total assessment of population, demography and distribution

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R.B. Davenport ◽  
Said A. Fakih ◽  
Sylvanos P. Kimiti ◽  
Lydia U. Kleine ◽  
Lara S. Foley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe present the first systematic assessment of the population, demography and distribution of the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii, in Unguja in the Zanzibar archipelago, based on a survey effort of 4,725 hours. We estimate the total population comprises 5,862 individuals in 342 groups (mean group size 17.12); 3.4 times the mean of all previous estimates. We calculated a total area of occupancy of 376 km2, with 4,042 individuals living within protected areas. Mean group sizes were significantly higher within protected areas (20.57) than outside (12.80). The number of adult females was 3,179 (54.21%), with a mean of 9.29 per group, and the number of adult males was 932 (15.89%), with a mean of 2.71 per group, giving a ratio of 3.31 adult females to adult males. This ratio was significantly lower outside protected areas. The total number of infants was 958 (16.34%), with a mean of 2.80 per group, and the number of subadults/juveniles was 793 (13.52%), with a mean of 2.32 per group, giving ratios of 0.30 infants to adult females, and 0.25 subadults/juveniles to adult females. The results indicate that P. kirkii is resilient and thriving far better than assumed. However, recruitment is low and the population may be in decline, with individuals outside protected areas most at risk. We tentatively support the categorization of P. kirkii as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, argue for greater protected area status for southern Uzi, Vundwe and Mchamgamle, and discuss conservation implications for this charismatic flagship species.

scholarly journals A case of beak deformity in the Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis and a review on beak deformities in wild birds in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Keila Nunes Purificação
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Molothrus Bonariensis ◽  
East Region ◽  
Beak Deformity

AbstractBeak deformities in wild birds are rarely reported. Here, I described a case of beak deformity in Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis, and also provide a review on beak deformities recorded in wild birds in Brazil. In October 2016, I observed a M. bonariensis with a grossly elongated maxilla in the east region of the Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The literature review revealed 60 records of beak deformities in the Brazilian avifauna. The most common types of deformity were crossed maxillae or mandibles (38%), probable accidental injuries (27%), and elongations (15%). Deformities were reported in 35 bird species of 22 families. The most affected species was Ramphastos toco with 21 records. The number of published reports from Brazil was low overall, and are not related as an epizootic episode recorded in some bird communities.

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