A review of published and unpublished surveys of a red-listed ‘flagship species’, the Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-395
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD NAEEM AWAN ◽  
FRANCIS BUNER ◽  
NEVILLE KINGDON
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Critical Literature

SummaryWe review all available information from previously published and unpublished material including peer-reviewed papers, technical reports, field progress reports and information from local communities and hunters on the globally threatened ‘flagship species’ Western Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. Based on these data we summarise the species’ currently confirmed distribution in AJ&K, its minimum confirmed population size and highlight possible first signs of range contraction outside protected areas. We then use a simple ArcGIS habitat model to predict the species’ actual distribution in AJ&K and its potential population size. Depending on the chosen criteria for habitat suitability, the estimated maximum number of Western Tragopan in AJ&K ranges between 1,875 and 3,760 adult individuals. Given that AJ&K represents c.30% of the global distribution of the species, the current population estimate of 5,000 (BirdLife International 2014) might need reconsideration. We further illustrate the importance of critical literature reviews for little-known globally threatened species such as the Western Tragopan without which red list assessments can be at risk of relying on biased data which may easily lead to incorrect conclusions.

Revisiting Adaptive Potential, Population Size, and Conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Carla M. Sgrò ◽  
Torsten N. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Potential Population

scholarly journals The Legal Critical Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nuruddeen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Critical Literature ◽  
The Ideal

This paper explains the legal critical literature review in the critical context of the logic of scholarship. The paper asks what makes a critical literature review effective in research. It suggests that critical literature reviews are effective in research when they more easily allow the identification of research gaps, in the specified context. The methodology employs cumulative synthesis from the relevant materials, following Bentham’s ideas on synthesis, that analysis opposes both generalization and synthesis. The paper begins its argument by outlining the nature of a critical literature review. Then, it proceeds with a review of key terms required by the writer. Following this essential background, the paper discusses literature gaps and literature search methodologies. Then it moves on to the ideal format of a critical literature review. Finally, argument deals with the purpose of a critical literature review and techniques for writing the critical literature review. A legal critical literature review will be maximally effective when it sets a correct context for research, identifies fallacies in the scholarship in order to discover research gaps, and then forms this outcome into a central research question. Keywords: legal critical literature review, research gaps, fallacies, research question.

scholarly journals Impact Noise and Vibration Sources Induced by Heavy Gym Activities: Do They in Turn Unnecessarily, Indirectly Affect Our Health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11812
Author(s):  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen ◽  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Impact Noise ◽  
Fitness Industry ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Critical Literature

‘Good health and wellbeing’ is one of the key United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). By ensuring healthy lives and promoting positive wellbeing, physical and mental activities have been encouraged for all at all ages. In recent decades, fitness culture and industry has significantly grown in many countries to enhance healthy lives and positive wellbeing. With the vigorous development of the fitness industry, a gym has become one of the common facilities within a neighborhood or on a campus in order to promote more and more people to participate in fitness activities. At the same time, the rapid increase in gym construction also provides more employment opportunities for professional fitness coaches. On the other hand, excessive noises and vibrations stemming from certain heavy gym activities can be observed. Accordingly, the NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss) in a gym should receive more attention. According to critical literature reviews, the high-intensity noise in gyms is mainly caused by the drops of heavy steel bars or dumbbells. Today, most gyms adopt cushioned flooring in specific areas, but the effectiveness of noise suppression still needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of hearing loss caused by noise doses in a gym. Noises derived from heavy gym sources (i.e., lifting of heavy weights) were monitored and collected for analyses in order to estimate the risk of NIHL in a traditional gym, as well as to assess the measurements against the authoritative criteria to derive some technical guidelines for fitness and gym managers. The outcome of this study will improve insights into acoustic monitoring techniques and practical management within a gym environment.

Integrative Critical Literature Reviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-120
Author(s):  
Catherine Compton-Lilly ◽  
Rebecca Rogers ◽  
Tisha Lewis Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Critical Literature

Population status of the Antarctic shag Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schrimpf ◽  
Ron Naveen ◽  
Heather J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Refined Estimate ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Global Population

AbstractAntarctic shags Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis are the southernmost cormorants in the world and assessment of their conservation status has been complicated by the logistical challenges of obtaining regular estimates of population size, as well as by taxonomic ambiguity of the blue-eyed shag complex. The available information on the taxonomy, distribution and population size of Antarctic shags are reviewed and a refined estimate of the global population is presented: 11 366 breeding pairs, plus an additional 1984 pairs of uncertain taxonomic status in the South Orkney Islands. This analysis suggests a possible spatial shift in the distribution of Antarctic shags similar to that reported for other Antarctic seabirds, which probably reflects a gradient in environmental changes along the western Antarctic Peninsula. This review should aid future conservation and management assessments.

scholarly journals Ecological assessment and environmental niche modelling of Himalayan rhubarb (Rheum webbianum Royle) in northwest Himalaya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259345
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Susheel Verma ◽  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
Bipin Charles ◽  
Maha J. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Niche Modelling ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Potential Habitats ◽  
Rcp 8.5

In an era of anthropocene, threatened and endemic species with small population sizes and habitat specialists experience a greater global conservation concern in view of being at higher risk of extinction. Predicting and plotting appropriate potential habitats for such species is a rational method for monitoring and restoring their dwindling populations in expected territories. Ecological niche modelling (ENM) coalesces species existence sites with environmental raster layers to construct models that describe possible distributions of plant species. The present study is aimed to study the potential distribution and cultivation hotspots for reintroducing the high value, vulnerable medicinal herb (Rheum webbianum) in the Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh using population attributes and ecological niche modelling approach. Sixty-three populations inventoried from twenty-eight areas display a significant change in the phytosociological attributes on account of various anthropogenic threats. The current potential habitats coincide with actual distribution records and the mean value of Area Under Curve (AUC) was 0.98 and the line of predicted omission was almost adjacent to omission in training samples, thus validating a robustness of the model. The potential habitat suitability map based on the current climatic conditions predicted a total of 103760 km2 as suitable area for the growth of Rheum webbianum. Under the future climatic conditions, there is a significant reduction in the habitat suitability ranging from -78531.34 Km2 (RCP 4.5 for 2050) to -77325.81 (RCP 8.5 for 2070). Furthermore, there is a slight increase in the suitable habitats under future climatic conditions, ranging from +21.99 Km2 under RCP 8.5 (2050) to +3.14 Km2 under RCP 4.5 (2070). The Jackknife tests indicated Precipitation of Driest Month (BIO14) as the most contributing climatic variable in governing the distribution of R. webbianum. Therefore, scientifically sound management strategies are urgently needed to save whatever populations are left in-situ to protect this species from getting extinct. Present results can be used by conservationists for mitigating the biodiversity decline and exploring undocumented populations of R. webbianum on one hand and by policymakers in implementing the policy of conservation of species with specific habitat requirements by launching species recovery programmes in future on the other.

Historical, current, and potential population size estimates of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2373-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse S. Lewis ◽  
Joseph L. Corn ◽  
John J. Mayer ◽  
Thomas R. Jordan ◽  
Matthew L. Farnsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Size Estimates

Trends of population change at colonies of cliff-nesting seabirds in the Moray Firth

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
G. P. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Made In

SynopsisAvailable information on the sizes and locations of seabird breeding colonies in the Moray Firth is reviewed. Guillemot is the most abundant species with a population of about 149,000 individuals at thirteen main colonies. The bulk of the populations of each species occur in east Caithness. Comparison of counts made in 1969 with more recent censuses indicate substantial increases in population size in the 1970s for most species. The results of annual counts at detailed study plots in five Caithness colonies between 1980 and 1984 suggest that this trend of increase has ceased for guillemots, razorbills and kittiwakes.

Estimating habitat suitability and potential population size for brown bears in the Eastern Alps

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1733-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Güthlin ◽  
Felix Knauer ◽  
Thomas Kneib ◽  
Helmut Küchenhoff ◽  
Petra Kaczensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Potential Population
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