STUDIES IN MONODOMINANT FORESTS IN EASTERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL: I. A FOREST OF BROSIMUM RUBESCENS TAUB

The occurrence of a monodominant tropical forest dominated by the tree species Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) in the transition zone between the cerrado region and the Amazonian rain forests along the Araguaia valley in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil is reported. A 6000m2 (40×150m) area located in the central portion of a forest (14°50′47″S, 52°08′37″W) on the Eldorado Farm in Nova Xavantina was sampled to determine the structure, phytosociology and soil properties. A total of 44 tree species was found in the forest, with a Shannon diversity index (H′) of 2.37 and the Pielou evenness index (J′) of 0.63. These values were similar to those reported by other workers in an Amazonian monodominant forest dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes. Average tree density equal or greater than (≥) 5cm dbh was 1066ha−1 and basal area 37.46m2 ha−1. Dead standing individuals represented 7.03% of the total density and lianas 8.12%. The main families were Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Burseraceae, Hippocrateaceae and Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae. The species with the highest importance value indices were B. rubescens (124.55), Amaioua intermedia var. brasiliana (32.97), Cheiloclinium cognatum (22.41), Tetragastris balsamifera (19.58) and Protium pilosissimum (16.64). Brosimum rubescens alone accounted for 85.5% of the individuals ≥30cm dbh, 80.35% of those ≥20cm dbh, 57.33% of those ≥10cm dbh, and 35.85% of those ≥5cm dbh. The forest was composed of upper, middle and lower storeys. Diameter distribution was unbalanced for the community and for the main species, suggesting that establishment has been episodic. The surface soil was acid, with high exchangeable Al levels and low fertility, as is the case for most cerrados and Amazonian forests. The availability of K was in the range of adequacy, as compared with most native soils. However, concentrations of available Mg in the soil was higher than that of available Ca, with Mg/Ca ratios above three, unlike most cerrados and Amazonian forests, but similar to the soils of many monodominant tropical forests reported in the literature. Soils were characterized by high concentrations of available Fe. Besides the high Mg/Ca ratios, a high proportion of K as compared with the bivalent cations Ca and Mg, and toxicities of Fe and Mn due to strong acidity could be factors influencing the occurrence of species in this forest.

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Floristic Variation of Tree Communities and Their Association with Soil Properties in Pulau Jerejak, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v14i1.7899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Faezah Pardi

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Importance Value ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Endangered Tree ◽

Endangered Tree Species ◽

Tree Communities ◽

Floristic Variation

This study was conducted at Pulau Jerejak, Penang to determine the floristic variation of its tree communities. A 0.5-hectare study plot was established and divided into 11 subplots. A total of 587 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were measured, identified and recorded. The tree communities comprised of 84 species, 63 genera and 32 families. The Myrtaceae was the most speciose family with 10 recorded species while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the most frequent species. The Myrtaceae recorded the highest density of 306 individuals while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) had the highest species density of 182 individuals. Total tree basal area (BA) was 21.47 m2/ha and family with the highest BA was Myrtaceae with 5.81 m2/ha while at species level, Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the species with the highest total BA in the plot with value of 4.95 m2/ha. The Shannon˗Weiner Diversity Index of tree communities showed a value of 3.60 (H'max = 4.43) and Evenness Index of 0.81 which indicates high uniformity of tree species. The Margalef Richness Index (R') revealed that the tree species richness was 13.02. Myrtaceae had the highest Importance Value of 20.4%. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Diospyros buxifolia (Ebenaceae) and Pouteria malaccensis (Sapotaceae) were strongly correlated to low pH. Dysoxylum cauliflorum (Meliaceae) and Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) were correlated to phosphorus (P) and calcium ion (Ca2+), respectively. Therefore, the trees species composition at Pulau Jerejak showed that the biodiversity is high and conservation action should be implemented to protect endangered tree species. Keywords: Floristic variation; Tree communities; Trees composition; Pulau Jerejak; Species diversity

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TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN A PRISTINE MONTANE FOREST PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FOJA MOUNTAINS, PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽

10.14203/reinwardtia.v17i2.3546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Asep Sadili ◽

Kuswata Kartawinata ◽

Herwasono Soedjito ◽

Edy Nasriadi Sambas

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Human Activities ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Montane Forest ◽

Tree Species Diversity ◽

Importance Value ◽

Montane Forests ◽

Species Area

ADILI, A., KARTAWINATA, K., SOEDJITO, H. & SAMBAS, E. N. 2018. Tree species diversity in a pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities in Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(2): 133‒154. ‒‒ A study on structure and composition of the pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities was conducted at the Foja Mountains in November 2008. We established a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m each. We enumerated all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm which diameters were measured, heights were estimated and habitats were noted. We recorded 59 species, 42 genera and 27 families, comprising 693 trees with the total basal area (BA) of 41.35 m2/ha. The forest had lower species richness compared to those of lowland forests in Kalimantan, and Sumatra and montane forests in West Java. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was 3.22. Nothofagus rubra (Importance Value, IV=47.89%) and Parinari corymbosa (IV=40.3%) were the dominant species, constituting the basis for designating the forest as the Nothofagus rubra - Parinari corymbosa association. To date, the dominance of N. rubra is unique to the Foja Mountains, as elsewhere in Papua the montane forests were dominated by N. pullei or other species. The species-area curve indicated a minimal area of 5000 m2. On the family level Fagaceae (IV=53.23%), Chrysobalanaceae (IV=40.53%) and Myristicaceae (IV=26.43%) were dominant. Verti-cally the forest consisted of four strata (A–D). In each stratum Nothofagus rubra, Platea latifolia, Parinari corymbosa and Myristica hollrungii were dominant. The diameter class distribution of Nothofagus rubra, Parinari corymbosa and Platea latifolia led us to assume that these species were regenerating well.

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VEGETASI POHON DAN PERSEBARANNYA DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG TUNAK DAN HUTAN KERAMAT, MANDALIKA, LOMBOK TENGAH, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v19i2.3867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Mansur

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Co2 Sequestration ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Plot Area

The study was conducted on March 2018 in two locations study, i.e. Mount Tunak Nature Tourism Park (NTP) (6400 m2 plot area) and Keramat Forest (4800 m2 plot area), Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The objective of the study was to find out the diversity of tree species and its distribution which can be used for forest area management by the local government and can support the establishment of a Special Economic Region in Mandalika as a place for conservation, research, education and scientific tourism. In the total plot of 1.12 hectare, we recorded 1560 individuals, representing 56 species, 47 genera and 19 families. All stems ≥ 5 cm in diameter were measured and identified. In the plot of Mt. Tunak NTP, we recorded 992 individuals, representing 41 species, basal area was 11.4 m2, 31.7 m3of estimated bole volume, 78.3 tons biomass, 39.2 tons carbon stock and 143.7 tons CO2 sequestration. Five dominant tree species (trunk diameter ≥ 5 cm) recorded with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were Aglaia argentea (IVI= 34.3%), Schoutenia ovata (IVI= 33.3%), Drypetes neglecta (IVI= 25.4%), Glycosmis pentaphylla (IVI= 16.4%) and Grewia koordersiana (IVI= 14.9%). The level of diversity of tree species in the Mt. Tunak NTP was classified into a midle level with a Diversity Index (H')= 3.3, while in the Keramat Forest we recorded 568 individuals, representing 37 species, basal area was 19.9 m2, 51.1 m3 of estimated bole volume, 149.8 tons biomass, 74.9 tons carbon stock and 274.9 tons CO2 sequestration. Five dominant tree species were recorded; Dalbergia latifolia (IVI= 69.4%), Grewia koordersiana (IVI= 34.5%), Schoutenia ovata (IVI= 34.3%), Cupaniopsis macropetala (IVI= 18.2%) and Rhus succedanea (IVI= 14.2%). The level of diversity recorded (H')= 2.9 and classified as midle level. The composition of vegetation in Mt.Tunak NTP and Keramat Forest is different (Jaccard Similarity Index was 39.3%).

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Forest Structure, Composition and Above Ground Biomass of Tree Community in Tropical Dry Forests of Eastern Ghats, India

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb819746 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 125-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sudam Charan SAHU ◽

H.S. SURESH ◽

N.H. RAVINDRANATH

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Tree Species ◽

Basal Area ◽

Eastern Ghats ◽

Tropical Dry Forests ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Importance Value ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

C Stocks

The study of biomass, structure and composition of tropical forests implies also the investigation of forest productivity, protection of biodiversity and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere via C-stocks. The hereby study aimed at understanding the forest structure, composition and above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical dry deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India, where as a total of 128 sample plots (20 x 20 meters) were laid. The study showed the presence of 71 tree species belonging to 57 genera and 30 families. Dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an importance value index (IVI) of 40.72, while Combretaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) of 39.01. Mean stand density was 479 trees ha-1 and a basal area of 15.20 m2 ha-1. Shannon’s diversity index was 2.01 ± 0.22 and Simpson’s index was 0.85 ± 0.03. About 54% individuals were in the size between 10 and 20 cm DBH, indicating growing forests. Mean above ground biomass value was 98.87 ± 68.8 Mg ha-1. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above ground biomass were Shorea robusta (17.2%), Madhuca indica (7.9%), Mangifera indica (6.9%), Terminalia alata (6.9%) and Diospyros melanoxylon (4.4%), warranting extra efforts for their conservation. The results suggested that C-stocks of tropical dry forests can be enhanced by in-situ conserving the high C-density species and also by selecting these species for afforestation and stand improvement programs. Correlations were computed to understand the relationship between above ground biomass, diversity indices, density and basal area, which may be helpful for implementation of REDD+ (reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) scheme.

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Floristic, structural, and allometric equations to estimate arboreal volume and biomass in a cerradão site

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1691

Author(s):

Eder Pereira Miguel ◽

Alba Valéria Rezende ◽

Fabrício Assis Leal ◽

Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli Matricardi ◽

José Marcelo Imana Encinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Vertical Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Species Group ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Importance Value ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Standing Trees

This objective of this study was to characterize the floristic, structural, and ecological groups and to estimate the arboreal volume and biomass of a cerradão site in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. A forest inventory was conducted on 10.15 ha of the study area. Plots of 400-m2 were used for systematic sampling. All standing trees (dead or alive) with a breast-height diameter (DHB) greater than 5 cm were identified and measured. Floristic diversity and horizontal structure were assessed using the Shannon and importance value indices, respectively. Forest vertical structure was classified into three stratata and the tree species were categorized into ecological groups. Ninety tree volumes were rigorously cubed and weighed. Fresh- and dry biomass were sampled and estimated. Mathematical models were applied and adjusted to estimate tree volume and biomass. It was observed that the species Myrcia splendens and Emmotum nitens and the families Fabaceae and Chrysobalanaceae were dominant in our study site. The pioneer (613 individuals ha-1) and climax (530 individuals ha-1) tree species group predominated. The floristic diversity index was estimated as 3.35 nats ind- 1. The vertical structure analysis indicated fewer individuals in the superior stratum (13%) compared to the medium (63%) and inferior (24%) stratum. The Schumacher and Hall model showed better results with regard to estimated forest production. Forest volume and biomass estimates were 126.71 m³ ha-1 and 61.67 Mg ha-1, respectively. The studied cerradão area had high floristic diversity and climax species predominated. Since this cerradão is in close proximity to the Amazon biome, its volume and biomass stocks were higher than those estimated for other cerradão and forest formations within the Cerrado biome.

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Vegetation Analysis of Namuna Community Forest of Salbari, Sanischare VDC in Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1834 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Basal Area ◽

Mean Value ◽

Forest Community ◽

Total Density ◽

Community Forest ◽

History Museum ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Vegetation Study

Vegetation study was carried out in an afforested land called Namuna Community Forest in Salbari, Sanischare, VDC, Jhapa, District. Random samplings for estimation of density, frequency, basal area and IVI were carried out by laying quadrates (10m x 10 m) at different sites of forest, three times and mean value was calculated. Nine tree species were recorded during field study. Total density of 10,410 pl/ha and total basal area of 33.956 m2/ha of tree species were recorded. The value of density (1790 pl/ha), basal area (31.45m2/ha) and IVI (130.63) were found highest for Shorea robusta, which is ecologically successful species in this forest. Lower value of basal area showed that this forest is young and regenerating. Other tree species had comparatively lower value of density, basal area and IVI due to regular human inte rference. Therefore an example of establishing forest community so as to initiate the conservation of local biodiversity has been discussed in this article.Key words: Community forest; conservation; IVI estimation; regenerating; Shorea robustaJournal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 12-15

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Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1215-1221

Author(s):

ERNIK YULIANA ◽

YUNI TRI HEWINDATI ◽

ADI WINATA ◽

WIBOWO A DJATMIKO ◽

ATI RAHADIATI

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Forest Edge ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Protection Forest ◽

Mangrove Tree ◽

Mangrove Vegetation ◽

Study Sites

Abstract. Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Winata A, Djatmiko WA, Rahadiati A. 2019. Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1215-1221. The purpose of the study was to analyze the flora diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in Pulau Rimau Protection Forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra. Data collected were the number and girth diameter of mangrove tree species, and aquatic ecology parameters using transect method. The sample plots size were 2m×2 m; 5m×5 m; 10m×10 m; for seedling, sapling, and tree, respectively. The observation plots were arranged in a row of 120 m length on two sides of the forest edge, namely Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank. Data were analyzed using importance value index (IVI), Simpson’s diversity index and Sørensen’s community similarity. The study revealed that there were differences in mangrove characteristics in two study sites. There were 57 plant species identified inside and outside sample plots, but only 15 species (26.32%) among them were categorized as true mangrove species. Inside the sample plots, there were 11 and 10 mangrove tree species recorded on the Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank, respectively, but only 7 species among them were found in both sites. The mangroves on Calik Riverbank were dominated by Nypa (IVI 53.59%) and Bruguiera (51.12%), while those on Banyuasin Riverbank were dominated by Sonneratia (66.91%) and Avicennia (51.73%). The Simpson’s diversity index for Calik Riverbank and Banyuasin Riverbank was 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, whereas the Sørensen’s coefficient of community between the two sites was 0.67.

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Population status of the tree Sacoglottis holdridgei (Humiriaceae) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23455 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Luis Guillermo Acosta-Vargas

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Basal Area ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Population Status ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Data Points ◽

Using Data ◽

Annual Mortality

Isla del Coco is the only oceanic island in the Eastern Pacific with humid tropical climate. Its forests have a particular structure with a unique array of plant species and high endemism. There are few studies on the flora or forest monitoring on the island. The population structure of Sacoglottis holdridgei was analyzed using data from six years with data points taken in 2006 and 2012, including sampling of regeneration in 2012. Sacoglottis holdridgei was the most important tree species, presenting in 2012 the highest Importance Value Index (190.7±21.8), abundance (158.5±40.3 Nha-1 or 39.5 % of the forest) and basal area (15.6 m2ha-1 or 72.9 % of the forest). It was present in all three height strata with dominance in the highest. Annual mortality was reported at 3.3 % and recruitment at 1.2 %. The diameter distribution of forest fits the inverted J model, but not for the reported species of which only S. holdridgei tends to adjust for DBH>40 cm. Regeneration fitted the inverted J model with values below those reported for continental forests. Even though it was the dominant species, S. holdridgei showed low regeneration values. This particular condition, give way hypotheses related to the introduction of species, species biology and climate change which could influence the future development of S. holdridgei and forests of Isla del Coco.<div> </div>

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Impact of Eidolon helvum on roost trees on UENR campus

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.43 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

E. Danquah

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Height ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Tree Canopy Cover ◽

Occupied Zone

Four sample plots, each of size 20m by 20m were systematically distributed in two strata (i.e. two plots in bat-occupied zone andthe remaining two plots in bat-unoccupied zone, to serve as control units). Using six (20m × 20m) sample plots each, basal area,canopy, and heights of trees with DBH 1m were measured. Fourteen individual trees were recorded in the bat-unoccupied zone,resulting in only seven tree species. On the other hand, 16 tree species, corresponding to a total of 25 trees were recorded in thebat occupied zone. Albizia zygia, Antiaris toxicaria, Azadiractha indicia, Holarrhena floribunda, Morinda lucinda, and Sterculiatragacantha were common to both zones. The Shannon Wiener species diversity index was found to be higher (H1=1.92) in batoccupied zones and lower (H1=1.45) in bat-unoccupied zone. Estimates of tree basal area and tree height were much higherin bat occupied zones compared to bat-unoccupied zones. (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 573.0, p < 0.05), tree basal area (U= 674.0, p < 0.05), tree height (U = 632.0, p < 0.05) and tree canopy cover (U = 329.0, p < 0.05). Holarrhena floribunda(0.34 m2/h) and Ceiba pentandra (0.22m2/ha) contributed the largest basal area (32.94% of the total basal area) whilst Sennasiamea (0.01m2/ha) and Tectona grandis (0.01m2/ha) yielded the smallest basal area (1.17%). In general, bats seem to greatlypatronize areas with higher densities of tall trees than relatively open areas with shorter trees.

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CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURAL DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA, EM CURITIBA, PR – BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v32i1.2366 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rubens Marques Rondon Neto ◽

Carina Kozera ◽

Regina do Rocio De Andrade ◽

Adriana Trippia Cecy ◽

Ana Paula Hummes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Total Density ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Importance Value ◽

Important Species ◽

Casearia Sylvestris ◽

Index Value

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística e a estrutura dos indivíduos arbóreos com DAP ³ 5cm presentes em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Floresta com Araucária), denominado “Capão do Tigre”, situado em Curitiba - PR. Em dezoito parcelas de 10 x 20m foram inventariados 710 indivíduos, distribuídos em 77 espécies, pertencentes a 36 famílias e 55 gêneros. O valor do índice de diversidade Shannon para as espécies foi de 3,437. A densidade total estimada foi de 1.972 indivíduos/ha e os valores médios de DAP e altura encontrados foram 11,6 cm e 8,2 m, respectivamente. De acordo com o parâmetro valor de importância ampliado, as espécies mais importantes foram Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae. FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A FRAGMENT OF MIXED OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST IN CURITIBA, PR - BRAZIL Abstract The aim of this paper was to know the floristic composition and the structureof a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest fragment (Araucaria Forest), named “Capão do Tigre”, situated in Curitiba - PR. It was inventoried 710 trees individuous in eighteen 10 x 20 m plots with DBH ³ 5cm, distributed in 77 species from 55 gender and 36 families. The Shannon diversity index value was 3,437 for the species. The total density found was 1.972 individuous/ha, and the medium DBH and height was 11,6 cm and 8,2 m, respectively. Acording to the parameters of Amplieted Importance Value, the most important species are: Casearia sylvestris, Allophylus edulis, Luehea divaricata, Araucaria angustifolia, Cupania vernalis, Ocotea corymbosa, Ocotea nutans, Jacaranda puberula, Mollinedia clavigera e Solanum sanctae-catharinae.

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