Irish urban history: a survey

Urban History ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Urban History ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Irish History ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Irish Politics ◽  
The Way

Irish historians have been rather slow to recognize that urban history constituted a valid area for scholarly research. Publications in this field prior to 1960 were few in number, while as late as 1979 Gearoid MacNiocaill criticized the discipline for its undue bias towards three areas: the antiquarian, the topographical and geographical and the legal. This criticism retains some validity today: antiquarian or topographical publications relating to Irish towns have a flourishing popular market, but following decades of neglect the history of Irish towns and cities is being explored with an unprecedently high level of attention, while areas totally unknown are being opened up and new dimensions are emerging. In the process even comparatively recent works such as those edited by Butlin in 1977 have become thoroughly outdated, while the papers presented to the 1979 Irish Conference of Historians, which were intended to act as ‘both a framework to be consulted and a map of the way to future progress’ also present an inadequate picture of contemporary urban history scholarship. In the process of this scholarly awakening, however, Irish urban history is emerging as a discipline with an individual personality. While the directions of research are strongly influenced by work in England, the U.S. and Europe, the specific Irish preoccupations are a reflection of both mainstream Irish history and, to some extent, of contemporary Irish politics and society.

ACCOUNTANTS IN THE BRITISH CENSUS

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Edwards ◽  
Stephen P. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Census Enumeration ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S

Published reports on censuses of population and the surviving enumeration books on which they were based are key sources for accounting historians. The increasing availability of electronic versions of census enumeration books (CEBs) for Canada, the U.K., and the U.S. offers opportunities for better understanding the history of occupations concerned with the performance of accounting functions. However, census reports and original census documents must be interpreted critically. The paper reports on a study of accountants appearing in the transcribed version of the British CEBs for 1881. It is shown how the published census underreported the number of accountants in Britain and suggests that there are potential inconsistencies in the manner in which accountants were counted. While accounting historians may rely on the high level of accuracy in transcribed versions of the CEBs, transcription errors have been discovered in relation to female accountants, those pursuing occupations spelt in ways closely resembling “accountant,” and individuals possessing complex occupational titles. Caution in respect of entries relating to accountant clerks is also suggested.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the concept of taxpayer citizenship and its role in constructing racial inequalities in U.S. history. In particular, the introduction examines the way taxpayer identity has often served as code for whiteness and as an alibi for racial segregation. This chapter also examines the connections between taxes and rights in the history of racial inequality in the U.S. and identifies the pitfalls of justifying policy and spending through the language of taxpayer rights.

scholarly journals Irish urban history: an agenda

Urban History ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
ERIKA HANNA ◽  
RICHARD BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Irish History ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Buildings

Modern Irish history is urban history. It is a story of the transferral of a populace from rural settlements to small towns and cities; of the discipline and regulation of society through new urban spaces; of the creation of capital through the construction of buildings and the sale of property. The history of Ireland has been overwhelmingly the history of land, but too often the emphasis has been on the field rather than the street, and on the small farmer instead of the urban shopkeeper. But the same questions of property run throughout Irish urban history from the early modern period to the contemporary, as speculators, businesses and government have attempted to convert land into profit, creating new buildings, streets and spaces, and coming into conflict with each other and other vested interests. Indeed, as recent work on Irish cities has shown, a turn to the urban history of Ireland provides a framework and a methodology for writing a textured and complex history of Ireland's distinctive engagement with modernity.

Urban History in North America

Urban History ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 6-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane L. Miller ◽  
Clyde Griffen ◽  
Gilbert Stelter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Present Subject ◽  
The Way

History is a tricky business, if only because history, as a phenomenon of the present, subject to scrutiny and manipulation, does not exist: it is, in a very real sense, made up. The study of the history of historical writing is a doubly tricky business because it is not merely what really happened in the past which determined the way people acted and wrote history, but also the way in which people perceived what happened. These complications require that one not only take into account what historians have said but also their perceptions of reality in their own times and the way that perception defined their conception of what was real in the past. Definition becomes the crux of the matter, for the way our predecessors wrote urban history depended upon their definition of their subject matter.

scholarly journals Trends of Microfinancing in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Zhigas ◽  
Irina Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
The Way

Against the background of tightening requirements to the banking sector and globalization of the economy, microfinance becomes an important stake of the countrys financial market. Currently, there appears a high-level need for borrowed resources by small and medium-sized businesses, individual entrepreneurs and the consumers, which creates a demand to be met only by microfinance organizations in case of bank rejections. The article examines the concept and specificity of the microfinance organization activities, considers their functions and the history of appearance in Russia. It makes an analysis of the market microfinancing dynamics at the present stage and substantiates the main trends of its further development. In accordance with the analysis carried out, it specifies and substantiates the problems inherent to the microfinancing activity and offers the way of their solution implementation of which will allow to gain stable development of the microfinancing market and to increase availability and popularization of the finance services.

Rorschach Assessment of Complex Trauma in Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
David Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract. A history of complex trauma or exposure to multiple traumatic events of an interpersonal nature, such as abuse, neglect, and/or major attachment disruptions, is unfortunately common in youth referred for psychological assessment. The way these adolescents approach the Rorschach task and thematic contents they provide often reflect how such experiences have deeply affected their personality development. This article proposes a shift in perspective in the interpretation of protocols of adolescents who suffered complex trauma with reference to two aspects: (a) the diagnostic relevance of avoidant or emotionally constricted Rorschach protocols that may otherwise appear of little use, and (b) the importance of danger-related thematic contents reflecting the youth’s sense of threat, harm, and vulnerability. Regarding this last aspect, the article reintroduces the Preoccupation with Danger Index ( DI). Two cases are presented to illustrate the approach.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Palliser (ed.), Cambridge Urban History of Britain

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
Urban History ◽  
History Of

Life as a Raw Material: Illusions of Control

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oron Catts ◽  
Ionat Zurr
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Short History ◽  
Know How ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The paper discusses and critiques the concept of the single engineering paradigm. This concepts allude to a future in which the control of matter and life, and life as matter, will be achieved by applying engineering principles; through nanotechnology, synthetic biology and, as some suggest, geo-engineering, cognitive engineering and neuro-engineering. We outline some issues in the short history of the field labelled as Synthetic Biology. Furthermore; we examine the way engineers, scientists, designers and artists are positioned and articulating the use of the tools of Synthetic Biology to expose some of the philosophical, ethical and political forces and considerations of today as well as some future scenarios. We suggest that one way to enable the possibilities of alternative frames of thought is to open up the know-how and the access to these technologies to other disciplines, including artistic.

FBI and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽  
Civic Religion ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This volume is an interdisciplinary assessment of the relationship between religion and the FBI. We recount the history of the FBI’s engagement with multiple religious communities and with aspects of public or “civic” religion such as morality and respectability. The book presents new research to explain roughly the history of the FBI’s interaction with religion over approximately one century, from the pre-Hoover period to the post-9/11 era. Along the way, the book explores vexed issues that go beyond the particulars of the FBI’s history—the juxtaposition of “religion” and “cult,” the ways in which race can shape the public’s perceptions of religion (and vica versa), the challenges of mediating between a religious orientation and a secular one, and the role and limits of academic scholarship as a way of addressing the differing worldviews of the FBI and some of the religious communities it encounters.

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