Reassessing the towns of southern Wales in the later middle ages

Urban History ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPENCER DIMMOCK
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Late Medieval

On the basis of an emerging reassessment of the medieval urban experience in southern Wales, this article seeks to challenge the predominant view of Wales as being overwhelmingly rural before the nineteenth century. The study of Welsh towns has been limited by the survival of sources that in other regions have generated a renewed interest in the study of medieval urban society. Employing unusual sources that are available, generalizations are made here from the findings of case studies of two towns, Haverfordwest and Chepstow, in order to contribute to a regional synthesis of the urban experience in southern Wales. From this regional synthesis it will be possible to compare urban society in late medieval southern Wales with other regions in Britain and Europe in order to determine its particular characteristics, and with implications for later developments.

scholarly journals Editorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. v-vii
Author(s):  
Diederik F. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great War ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Great War

I am pleased to introduce Boyhood Studies, Volume 11, Issue 1. This issue’s authors unanimously invite an appreciation of the many regional, temporal and contextual inflections of manliness-in-the-making. After all: “Among boys, as among men, there are ‘all sorts and conditions;’ environment moulds them” (Anon. 1890: 147). This merits a bit of intercontinental timetravel. Ecce puer: from Lord Baden-Powell’s and American contemporaries’ middle ages to late nineteenth-century Mexico’s French Third Republic, back to Baden-Powell and into the Great War, and back again to presentday Mexico. In Mexico, on both visits, we are travelling back and forth as well, between the rural and urban experience.

Urban Identity in Medieval English Towns

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Attreed
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Law ◽  
Physical Spaces

Throughout the later Middle Ages, English towns continued to augment both their legal privileges and the physical spaces in which they exercised them. Urban officials struggled to define civic identity as distinct from the rural, noble, and ecclesiastical power that surrounded them. Four case studies from Exeter, Shrewsbury, Norwich, and York allow in-depth explorations to be made of the ways in which towns defined physical and juridical space through lawsuits. The disputes and their pursuit before the law show clearly how urban space impacted territorial, legal, and ethnic identity in late medieval society.

Bury St. Edmunds and the Populations of Late Medieval English Towns, 1270-1530

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Model ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Economic Stagnation

One of the most intriguing and important eras of British demographic history is the later middle ages, crudely defined herein to encompass the years 1270 to 1530. This period includes medieval population at its apex, followed by what many observers have called a Malthusian subsistence crisis, an era of famine and plague pandemic, and finally, a slow, almost phased, period of recovery. Much of the groundwork of urban demographic studies was laid in the nineteenth century, by scholars such as William Denton and the Greens. They believed that most aspects of urban life declined in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and that demographic contraction went hand in hand with social and economic ruin. Despite some questioning and modification of these premises, the concept of decline passed into the twentieth century, and was synthesized by M.M. Postan, the leading economic historian of his time. Using empirical methods, Postan built a general model of late medieval economic stagnation and decay. Towns were more or less peripheral to the gist of his argument, which stressed the overwhelming importance of the rural economy, but he did comment on urban life.

The Devotional Image in Late Medieval England

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Giles ◽  
Aleksandra McClain
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Votive Offerings

In the later Middle Ages, the parish churches of England were populated not simply by parishioners and clergy, but by a community of images: paintings on the walls, depictions in stained glass, and sculptures carved in wood, alabaster, or metal. Lit by beeswax and tallow candles and adorned with gifts of rosaries, textiles, and votive offerings, they held the gaze of worshippers, forming a series of devotional foci within the parish church. In England, most of these images have disappeared, swept away by the reforms and iconoclasm of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They survive as references in contemporary written sources, in decorative schemes exposed during nineteenth-century restoration works, and in museum and art gallery collections. This chapter considers the evidence and assesses the archaeological contribution to current understandings of imagery in medieval religion and belief.

Soldiers and Censors

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-108
Author(s):  
Liana Püschel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Giuseppe Verdi ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Un Ballo In Maschera

From his very first opera Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio (1839) to his last, Falstaff (1893), Giuseppe Verdi set many of his works in the Middle Ages. These operas were written over a period of more than fifty years and show the traces of Verdi’s changes in style, interests, and status within the profession; they also confirm the persistent interest on the Middle Ages in Italy through the nineteenth century. This essay aims to show some of the associations and expectations that the medieval locale stimulated in the composer, his librettists, and his Italian public through a broad look at the historical context and the discussion of some aspects of the music, the libretto, and the stage design for a selection of Verdi’s medieval operas. Censorship played a large role in the choice of the medieval locale; in this respect, the failed refashioning of Un ballo in maschera as a medieval opera and the successful transformation of Stiffelio into Aroldo are especially valuable case studies.

Channelling violence at sea: States, international trade and the transformation of naval forces from the high Middle Ages to the age of steam

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
High Middle Ages

Certain late medieval changes in government practices, influenced by political developments and technological changes at sea, led to increasing limitations to acts of violence on European oceans and seas. The motivation of states became more overtly economic through the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. From around 1650 the expansion in trade, and most especially long distance trade, led to changes in the role, composition and size of naval forces. By the first decades of the nineteenth century nations directed their navies and violence at sea in general at protecting domestic commerce and disrupting that of any enemy.

Muslim Contributions to the History of Religions

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Ghulam-Haider Aasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Spain ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Middle Ages

History of Religions in the WestA universal, comparative history of the study of religions is still far frombeing written. Indeed, such a history is even hr from being conceived, becauseits components among the legacies of non-Western scholars have hardly beendiscovered. One such component, perhaps the most significant one, is thecontributions made by Muslim scholars during the Middle Ages to thisdiscipline. What is generally known and what has been documented in thisfield consists entirely of the contribution of Westdm scholars of religion.Even these Western scholars belong to the post-Enlightenment era of Wsternhistory.There is little work dealing with the history of religions which does notclaim the middle of the nineteenth century CE as the beginning of thisdiscipline. This may not be due only to the zeitgeist of the modem Wstthat entails aversion, downgrading, and undermining of everything stemmingfrom the Middie Ages; its justification may also be found in the intellectualpoverty of the Christian West (Muslim Spain excluded) that spans that historicalperiod.Although most works dealing with this field include some incidentalreferences, paragraphs, pages, or short chapters on the contribution of thepast, according to each author’s estimation, all of these studies are categorizedunder one of the two approaches to religion: philosophical or cubic. All ofthe reflective, speculative, philosophical, psychological, historical, andethnological theories of the Greeks about the nature of the gods and goddessesand their origins, about the nature of humanity’s religion, its mison dsttre,and its function in society are described as philosophical quests for truth.It is maintained that the Greeks’ contribution to the study of religion showedtheir openness of mind and their curiosity about other religions and cultures ...

Mikael Males, ed., Etymology and Wordplay in Medieval Literature. Disputatio, 30. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers n.v., 2018, 272 pp., 10 ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bjork
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
The World

During the logocentric Middle Ages, etymology and wordplay helped exegetes, philosophers, theologians, and poets understand the world and the world’s relationship to the divine. The case studies presented in this useful and fascinating collection of essays demonstrate how.

Domina Paupertas: the praise of voluntary poverty by St. Francis of Assisi and its reflection in late medieval Spanish painting

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
José María Salvador González
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Francis Of Assisi

As is well known, St. Francis of Assisi heroically embraced evangelical poverty, renouncing material goods and living in abject poverty, in imitation of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, through his writings and oral testimonies collected by his disciples, the saint fervently urged Christians to live to some degree voluntary poverty , of which Christ was the perfect model. By basing this reading on some Poverello’s quotations, this paper intends to show the potential impact that these exhortations from San Francisco to poverty may have had in the late medieval Spanish painting, in some iconographic themes so significantly Franciscan as the Nativity and the Passion of the Redeemer. Through the analysis of a large set of paintings representing both issues, we will attempt to put into light if the teachings of St. Francis on evangelical poverty are reflected somehow in Spanish painting of the late Middle Ages.

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