scholarly journals Beyond the Pletzl: Jewish urban histories in interwar France

Urban History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIN CORBER ◽  
MEREDITH L. SCOTT-WEAVER ◽  
NICK UNDERWOOD ◽  
NADIA MALINOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Administrative Structures

In the 1930s, Walter Benjamin described Paris as ‘the capital of the nineteenth century’, the hub of cultural transformations precipitated by the rise of industrial capitalism. For good reasons, Jewish historians have followed suit in identifying Paris as the focal point for studies of political, social, cultural, demographic and economic change in France during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Moreover, native French Jewish religious and cultural administrative structures, implemented during Napoleon I's reign and further entrenched by reforms in the Third Republic, are centred in Paris. These conditions have rendered an abundance of source material documenting the rest of the country from the centre, a phenomenon that places even more weight on the capital as a locus for national processes that occur in its image.

scholarly journals The Third Republic as Manager: Labor Policy in the Naval Shipyards, 1892–1920

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Defense Contracting ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technological Advances

Recently there has been great interest in the re-organization of work and its effects on labor relations during the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, particularly in the metal-working and machine industries. Studies of this issue have generally been framed in terms of technological advances in the steel industry in the second half of the nineteenth century, the exigencies of the market during and after the Great Depression of the late nineteenth century, and the efforts of skilled labor to defend its position on the shopfloor. In France and elsewhere the importance of national and international arms sales before 1914 made the armaments industry one of the main arenas of these developments. Until mid-century the defense industry and the business of defense had been under state control in France. Largely for economic reasons, however, the Third Republic turned over increasing amounts of defense contracting, especially in shipbuilding, to private industry. The Etablissements Schneider at Le Creusot, the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine at Saint-Chamond and other large private firms established themselves as profitable arms manufacturers. National and foreign government contracts for weaponry encouraged these companies to make large capital investments, to rationalize work to permit greater managerial control, and to develop authoritarian paternalist systems of labor management.

The Rise of Suburban Paris

2018 ◽  
pp. 221-267
Author(s):  
Kory Olson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Control ◽  
Growing Region

This chapter examines the 1934 Carte générale de l’aménagement de la Région parisienne (Carte générale), a brightly-coloured, multi-page representation of Paris and its suburbs. Parliament passed ‘la loi du 14 mars 1932’ which officially defined ‘la région parisienne’ geographically as the area within a thirty-five-kilometre radius from the ‘parvis Notre Dame.’ A forty-member commission chose Prost’s Carte générale and named him Urbaniste en chef. Prost’s map, the last officially approved cartographic proposal for the capital under the Third Republic recognized the changing nature of early-twentieth century cities, where the automobile enhanced personal movement and overwhelmed nineteenth-century infrastructure. Reinforcing the desire to both know and control the growing region and address current transportation infrastructure inadequacies, Prost highlights new autoroutes and clearly delineates – geographically – where the region ends. Prost acknowledged the growing presence of the banlieue (suburb). He followed Jaussely’s lead and documented future development and existing green space. Prost also suggests controlling urban growth. This chapter investigates how Henri Prost’s Carte générale demonstrates the government’s desire to move beyond the ideals of urbanism in Jaussely’s 1919 Plan. Prost provides a much more realistic plan to address the region’s needs.

The Poetry and the Prose of the Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poetic Response ◽  
Century Science

The Introduction examines three moments that have proven foundational for the fraught relationship between poetry and history. The first occurs in the fourth century B. C. in Aristotle’s Poetics, the earliest attempt to provide a systematic definition of the structure and effects of poetry and, consequently, the origin of all later crises of verse. The second appears in Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire, a text that offers a complicated poetic response to a moment of crisis in Marx’s own historical method. The third appears in the early writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, where, against the onset of the nineteenth-century science of history, the demand to see history become poetry is made explicit. Focusing on these three moments, the Introduction establishes the intellectual-historical coordinates of the poetico-historical problem that T. S. Eliot and Walter Benjamin inherit.

Pierre de Coubertin: sport and ideology in the Third Republic, 1870–1914

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
H. L. Wesseling
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fin De Siècle

Organized sport was first developed in Germany in the form of the so-called Turnvereine, and in England at the public schools. It came to France later, at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite this, the modern Olympic Games was a French invention, the result of the ambitions and efforts of an aristocratic admirer of England, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. His ideas and attitudes were in many ways characteristic of fin-de-siècle France.

Cooperation, Not Conflict: Curés and Primary School Inspectors in July Monarchy France, 1833–1848

1995 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-609
Author(s):  
Robert L. Koepke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
July Monarchy ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

The struggle between village priest and schoolteacher in France over education, the struggle for the minds of the young, has a long history. Although it reached its peak in the Third Republic, it developed throughout the nineteenth century. Unfortunately, evidence is heavily anecdotal, so we do not actually know how extensive or intensive it was, and thus how significant for the history of France.

Modern Ideas of the Present

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Paris Commune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Commune Of 1871

With Walter Benjamin’s concept of a ‘messianic present’ as its starting point, this chapter uncovers the different ways in which modern history can be explored using concepts of time. It considers the tradition of revolution and the focus on ‘abstract, unknowable’ futures analysed by Reinhardt Koselleck and draws on the idea of plural experiences and concepts of time in the work of Georges Gurvitch. It suggests that the late nineteenth-century experience of time was thought through in new ways in France, particularly after the Paris Commune of 1871. The chapter explains the theoretical and ideological basis for a new focus on change in the present that emerged across the French political spectrum during the Third Republic (1870–1940).

The old regime of hygiene: Life in the nineteenth-century French countryside

Rural History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Zdatny
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Lesson ◽  
Material Conditions

AbstractThis article provides an object lesson in the history of thelongue durée, reflected in the comprehensive filthiness of rural life in the nineteenth century. Political upheaval had not changed the material conditions of peasant existence or sensibilities relating to hygiene. Economic revolution had as yet made no practical difference to the dirtiness of daily life. Peasants under the Second Empire lived much as they had under the Old Regime – in dark, damp houses with no conveniences, cheek by jowl with the livestock. Their largely unwashed bodies were wrapped in largely unchanged clothes. Babies were delivered with germ-covered hands, drank spoilt milk from dirty bottles, and spent their young days swaddled like mummies and marinating like teriyaki. The Third Republic set out to ‘civilize’ the rural masses, but this snapshot of material life in the nineteenth-century French countryside illustrates just how much work lay in front of it.

One Man, One Vote

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-41
Author(s):  
Malcolm Crook
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
The Third

All adults are entitled to vote today, yet this principle was not established until relatively recently. Even in the case of men, who were invariably enfranchised before women, the recognition of universal male suffrage was far more problematic than is often realized, though much has been written about it. In fact, the belief that the franchise should be awarded on the basis of certain criteria, such as property ownership or tax payment, as opposed to constituting a right of citizenship, was widely accepted during the nineteenth century, in France as elsewhere. Universal manhood suffrage was proclaimed in the French Constitution of 1793, but not implemented, and its later foundation in 1848 was unanticipated. There were also periods of reversal as well as progress, with moments of disenfranchisement, notably under the restored monarchy after 1814, but also during the First and Second Republics. Even in the early 1870s, the principle of one man, one vote was still being challenged by conservatives and its consolidation under the Third Republic was by no means preordained; it had taken nearly a century to achieve.

4. Post-Revolutionary philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Stephen Gaukroger ◽  
Knox Peden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Henri Bergson ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Auguste Comte ◽  
The Relationship

After the French Revolution, philosophy and the rapid rise of individualism were blamed for the bloodshed. ‘Post-Revolutionary philosophy: the nineteenth century and the Third Republic’ introduces thinkers like Auguste Comte, who ushered in socialism by arguing that Enlightenment ideas had toppled the old order of monarchy and religion, but that their individualism potentially hampered progress. Progress, epitomized by science, was the goal in nineteenth-century French philosophy. Rationalism and the ‘critical idealism’ of Léon Brunschvicg were not the only schools of thought. The Romantic philosopher Henri Bergson tackled the relationship between mind, body, and spirit by defining knowledge as a process.

Creating Map Readers

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-85
Author(s):  
Kory Olson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
French Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time

The loss to the cartographically proficient Prussian army in 1870 initiated a drive to introduce more geography and maps into French society. One way to do that was through education. Jules Ferry’s 1881 reforms made primary school laïque (secular), free, and obligatory. In addition, classrooms textbooks such as Fouillée’s Le Tour de la France par deux enfants taught the benefits of geography. This cartographic introduction provided immediate access to small, simple maps to millions for the first time, effectively democratizing them on a large scale. As Fouillée introduced maps to schoolchildren, Vidal de la Blache promoted physical geography in France, the study of which will improve topographical accuracy on future maps. as the French learned how to read cartographic documents as the Third Republic progressed, I look at the changing nature of map publishing at the end of the nineteenth century and how that transformation affected future cartographic products. Enhancements in technology facilitated a more robust cartographic publishing industry, one in which printing in colour became easier and less expensive and, as we see throughout the book, more prominent.

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