Group B streptococcus infection in pregnancy: an update

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geralyn C O'Reilly ◽  
Jane E Hitti ◽  
Thomas J Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Pregnancy

Group B streptococcus (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, has been a continuing focus of debate in the paediatric and obstetric worlds. The organism has emerged as the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis. With an average of 20% of mothers being carriers for the organism (range from 15–40%), the following questions remain to be answered:1 How best to screen for GBS and which protocol to use?2 How best to counsel patients who are GBS carriers?3 What is the cost effectiveness of the screening protocols?

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS IN PRETERM INFANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Tetiana Klymenko ◽  
Kateryna Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Group B

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among premature infants. Conducting high-quality epidemiological monitoring is an important condition for effective tactics treatment neonatal infections and improving the quality of medical care for this category of newborn. The aim. Determination of the value of microbiological triggers in the blood in various clinical options for EONS in preterm infants. Materials and methods. Clinical and microbiological data on 50 prematurely born newborns with EONS were selected. The analysis of the frequency of detected bacteremia, the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and the clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis. Results. In the study, sources of infection were detected in 94 % of cases. Positive blood cultures were obtained in 17 (34 %) newborns with EONS. 61.5 % of all cases of bacteremia were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Gram-negative pathogens were detected in 23.5 % of positive blood cultures, representatives of this group were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The overall mortality rate from EONS was 30 %. Conclusions. The incidence of sepsis confirmed by a positive blood culture was 34 %. The most common cause of EONS is CoNS, low incidence of group B Streptococcus sepsis has been established. The most frequent septicopymic sources of infection were the lungs, which is expressed in the high incidence (94 %) of X-ray pneumonia in the structure of the EONS.

scholarly journals To screen or not to screen women for Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) to prevent early onset sepsis in newborns: recent advances in the unresolved debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 204993612094242
Author(s):  
Guduru Gopal Rao ◽  
Priya Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the commonest cause of early onset sepsis in newborns in developed high-income countries. Intrapartum antimicrobial (antibiotic) prophylaxis (IAP) is recognized to be highly effective in preventing early onset Group B sepsis (EOGBS) in newborns. The key controversy is about the strategy that should be used to identify mothers who should receive IAP. There are two strategies that are followed in developed countries: screening-based or risk-factor-based identification of women requiring IAP. The debate regarding which of the two approaches is better has intensified in the recent years with concerns about antimicrobial resistance, effect on newborn’s microbiome and other adverse effects. In this review, we have discussed some of the key research papers published in the period 2015–2019 that have addressed the relative merits and disadvantages of screening versus risk-factor-based identification of women requiring IAP. Although screening-based IAP appears to be more efficacious than risk-based IAP, IAP-based prevention has several limitations including ineffectiveness in prevention of late-onset GBS infection in babies, premature and still births, impact of IAP on neonatal microbiota, emergence of antimicrobial resistance and difficulties in implementing IAP-based strategies in middle and low income countries. Alternative strategies, principally maternal immunization against GBS would circumvent use of IAP. However, no licensed vaccines are currently available for use.

scholarly journals Late Onset Streptococcus agalactiae Meningitis following Early Onset Septicemia: A Preventable Disease?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kam Lun Hon ◽  
King Hang Chan ◽  
Pak Long Ko ◽  
King Woon So ◽  
Alexander K. C. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Group B

We report a neonate who presented with early onset Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) septicemia within 24 hours of birth. After discharge at day 14, she went on to develop late onset GBS meningitis at 36 days of age. The infant was treated with intravenous antibiotics on both occasions and eventually discharged home with no apparent sequelae. We address issues associated with GBS infection in infancy including the demographics, risk factors, and the risk of late onset GBS meningitis following an early onset GBS infection. The major source of GBS in early onset GBS disease is maternal birth canal GBS colonization. On the other hand, nosocomial cross-infection is an important source of GBS in late onset disease. Penicillin remains the current treatment of choice for GBS infection. Given the rapid onset and progression within hours of birth and lack of an effective solution for preventing late onset GBS, administration of an effective GBS vaccine in pregnancy could provide a sensible and cost-effective solution in all settings.

Comparison of early-onset neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and group B Streptococcus

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mayor-Lynn ◽  
Víctor Hugo González-Quintero ◽  
Mary Jo O'Sullivan ◽  
Alan I. Hartstein ◽  
Sonia Roger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus colonization in pregnancy: prevalence and prevention strategies of neonatal sepsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma-Verena Rausch ◽  
Ariane Gross ◽  
Sara Droz ◽  
Thomas Bodmer ◽  
Daniel V. Surbek
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group B ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Early-onset neonatal sepsis: Organism patterns between 2009 and 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Michael Sgro ◽  
Douglas M Campbell ◽  
Kaitlyn L Mellor ◽  
Kathleen Hollamby ◽  
Jaya Bodani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group B ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Objective To evaluate trends in organisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Congruent with recent reports, we hypothesized there would be an increase in EONS caused by Escherichia coli. Study Design National data on infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units from 2009 to 2014 were compared to previously reported data from 2003 to 2008. We report 430 cases of EONS from 2009 to 2014. Bivariate analyses were used to analyze the distribution of causative organisms over time and differences by gestational age. Linear regression was used to estimate trends in causative organisms. Results Since 2003, there has been a trend of increasing numbers of cases caused by E coli (P<0.01). The predominant organism was E coli in preterm infants and Group B Streptococcus in term infants. Conclusions With the majority of EONS cases now caused by E coli, our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of causative organism patterns and developing approaches to reduce cases caused by E coli.

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