Impact of mother genetic and resource environment on her offspring’s growth features in Munjal sheep

Zygote ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ankit Magotra ◽  
Yogesh C. Bangar ◽  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Abhay Singh Yadav ◽  
Zile Singh Malik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Daily Gain

Summary The present study evaluated maternal and additive influences that contribute to phenotypic variation in various growth traits in Munjal sheep. The targeted traits that pertained to 2278 records of 706 lambs were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WT3), 6-month body weight (WT6), 12-month body weight (WT12), average daily gain (ADG1: 0–3 months; ADG2: 3–6 months, ADG3: 6–12 months of age) and their corresponding Kleiber ratios designated as KR1, KR2 and KR3. The direct heritability estimates for BWT, WT3, WT6, WT12, ADG1, ADG2, ADG3, KR1, KR2 and KR3 under animal models were 0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.17 ± 0.07, 0.47 ± 0.09, 0.33 ± 0.08, 0.09 ± 0.06, 0.36 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.08, 0.09 ± 0.06 and 0.32 ± 0.10, respectively. The estimates of maternal genetic effects contributed significantly and were 8% and 7% for BWT and WT3 traits, respectively, which highlighted the considerable role of maternal effects on early growth traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from moderate to high between weaning and post-weaning traits. It was concluded that early selection that considered additive as well as maternal effects at weaning age may be delivered to the desired genetic progress in Munjal sheep.

Genetic parameters for growth rate and Kleiber ratios of Nellore sheep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Satish Kumar ◽  
G. Gangaraju ◽  
C. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
Sapna Nath
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

Data on growth traits of Nellore sheep were extracted from the records maintained at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Andhra Pradesh, India for a period of five years. The genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for growth traits i.e., average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 3 months (ADGa), 3 months to 6 months (ADGb), 6 to 12 months (ADGc) and the corresponding Kleiber ratio (KR) at respective stages of growth. The non genetic factors included in the model were having significance on most of the traits studied. The heritability estimates for ADG and corresponding KR ranged from 0.17 to 0.25. The estimates of genetic correlations among the traits ranged between -0.28 (Ka-Kb) and 0.99 (ADGb-Kb). The moderate estimates of heritability, high and positive genetic correlations among the traits in the study were suggestive of moderate genetic progress in the Nellore breed of sheep through selection.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on growth traits of sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ghafouri-Kesbi ◽  
H. Baneh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to estimate (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG), average daily gain from weaning to 6 months (W6DG) and average daily gain from 6 months to 9 months (W9DG) for a nucleus flock of Iranian Makooei sheep. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure fitting six animal models including various combinations of maternal effects. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to determine the most appropriate model. Estimates of direct heritability (h2) ranged from 0.13 (W6DG) to 0.32 (BW). Maternal effects were found to be important in the growth performance of the Makooei sheep, indicating the necessity of including maternal effects in the model to obtain accurate estimates of direct heritability. Estimates of maternal heritability (m2) ranged from 0.05 (W6) to 0.16 (WWDG) and the estimates of proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance (c2) were in the range between 0.05 (BW) and 0.10 (W6). Direct additive genetic correlations were positive in all cases and ranged from 0.00 (BW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Phenotypic correlations showed a broad range from −0.27 (WW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Estimates of genetic parameters showed that genetic improvement through selection programs is possible. WW would be a suitable selection criterion since it has acceptable direct heritability and relatively high genetic correlation with other traits.

scholarly journals Study on growth traits at weaning and yearling stages of indigenous and F1 crossbred buffalo in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Md Shahjahan ◽  
Asma Khatun ◽  
Sumya Khatun ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
Sohrab Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Gain Measurement ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Imported Semen

This study was planned to clarify the variation of body weight and average daily gain traits in both indigenous and F1 crossbreed (Local×Mediterranean) buffalo at weaning (sixth month) and yearling stages (twelfth month). Data were collected from 33 indigenous and 35 F1 crossbred buffalo progeny during the period of 2011 to 2014 with intensive management system at Research and Development farm of Lal Teer Livestock Limited in Bangladesh. The gathered data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) and independent sample t test. The effect of parity, sex, season and breeding year on body weight and average daily gain were observed where significant values found in breeding period (p <0.01) of crossbred buffalo for body weight. It might be the reason of crossbreeding to indigenous buffalo cows using imported semen with better genetic merit. The parity (p <0.05), season (p <0.05) and breeding period (p <0.01) were also significant for average daily gain measurement which suggesting environmental adaptability beside additive genetic effects. Body weights were measured at weaning and yearling stages for both local (113 to 195 kg) and F1 crossbred (144 to 220 kg) buffalo progeny to screen the elite offspring for the Genetic Farm and Bull station. Similarly, average daily gain observed 469 to 457 g and 600 to 506 g at the previously mentioned two stages for both local and F1 buffalos, respectively. It was observed that studied traits were comparatively better in F1 buffalo progeny than indigenous. The comparison of average daily weight gains between indigenous and F1 buffalos at weaning and yearling periods showed significant differences for body weight (p <0.001) and average daily gain (p <0.05), respectively. It is concluded that genetic gain might be possible in local buffalo population by grading up process which could switch the traditional buffalo rearing to commercial level as well as meeting the nutritional demand of country people.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 499-503

The relationships between pre- and post-weaning growth traits in lambs of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
M. Makarechian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total Gain

ABSTRACTThe pre-weaning records (birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning) of 291 male and female lambs and the post-weaning records (body weight, feedlot gain and food conversion) of 136 male lambs were used to study relationships between different traits. The lambs were derived from three fat-tailed Iranian sheep breeds (Karakul, Mehraban and Naeini) and their crosses with Corriedale and Targhee rams. All lambs were weaned at 75 + 5 days of age and the males were fed in a feedlot for 100 days after weaning. Feedlot measurements were taken at 20-day intervals.Weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain showed positive and significant associations with birth weight. Birth weight, weaning weight and gain from birth to weaning were positively associated with body weight at subsequent ages in feedlot as well as with final weight (P<0·01). Birth weight, weaning weight and pre-weaning average daily gain were positively and significantly associated with total feedlot gain.Of the different traits, total gain during the first 20 days in feedlot (adjust period) had the lowest and total gain during the second 20 days had the highest association with total feedlot daily gain. There was no evidence that the heavier lambs at weaning and those showing high growth rate before weaning, were more efficient in the feedlot. Gain during the second 20-day period in the feedlot had a significant negative association with the total food conversion (unit food/unit gain) and therefore was a good predictor for food conversion.When the feedlot period was divided into two 40-day periods, it was found that gain during both had a significant negative association with the corresponding food conversion. A similar association was observed between total feedlot gain and food conversion, indicating that the rate and efficiency of gain improved simultaneously.

scholarly journals Effects of Genotype and Weaning Age Interaction on Growth Traits in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ragab ◽  
Saad Mohamed Mostfa ◽  
Khaled Hassan El-Kholy ◽  
Lamia M. Radwan ◽  
Abeer El-Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Weaning age is an important factor that affects the growth and health of weaned animals. Therefore, the current experiment was conducted to study genotype (G) and weaning age (WA) interaction (G×WA) effects on growth traits of the animals belonged to two lines of rabbits (APRI and V line) reared under Egyptian conditions. Multiparous doe rabbits were serviced to obtain 225 litters with 1800 young rabbits at weaning. The weaning ages ranged from 26 to 43 days where the young rabbits were weaned at different ages (≥28 days, WA1; 28 < Treatment ≥ 35 days, WA2; 35 < Treatment ≥ 40 day, WA3 and 40< Treatment, WA4). Body weight (BW) from 4 to 16 weeks of age and corresponding average daily gain (ADGt1-t2) were measured. The BW significantly increased in APRI rabbits, compared to those in V line at the different ages where at the end of the fattening period, the difference was 105 g per animal with higher ADG. Regarding the weaning age effects, positive effects were observed where the highest BW was observed at the fattening period. The ADG of rabbits weaned in late weaning was higher than in early weaning with significant differences. The observed results suggest the existence of relevant G×WA interaction for the investigated traits. Therefore, the weaning age of 29-35 days is recommended for young APRI rabbits while it is suggested to wean the V rabbits after 35 days. The study confirmed that early weaning is not preferable for the rabbit under Egyptian conditions and it is better to wean young rabbits at the minimum age of 30 days to achieve the best BW and growth rate.

scholarly journals Crossing system application and its effect on lambs growth traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Caro-Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Z.Z. Ilic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
System Application ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Success of crossing depends on the breeds used and the genetic distance among them, as well the combining ability of maternal and individual heterosis to make the proper choice of breeds employed in a crossing system. The aim of this study is to find the effect of genotype and crossing system on early weights and daily gain of lambs. The lambs of purebred Pirot Pramenka ( P) got the lowest body weight at birth, at 30 days, at 60 days and 90 days with a value of 3.65 kg, 9.48 kg, 14.99 kg and 21.96 kg while purebred Wurttemberg attained the highest body weight at birth of 4.48 kg. The lambs of three bred crossing (PxWxF) highest on BW30, BW60 and BW90 days. The results showed a highly significant difference on average daily gain (ADG) among genotypes (P ?0.01) except on the difference between W - PxW of which belongs to the lower border of significant level (P ?0.05). The highest difference on ADG was between P - PxWxF (105.950 g), wherein the lowest difference was between W- PxW (9.290 g). It can close that the attained value between pure bred Wurttemberg (W) and two-bred crossing (PxW) was almost equal. Genotype and crossing system have significant effect on body weight and average daily gain of lambs. Based on the results obtained, it shows an advantage effect of crossing system (PxWxF) when it comes on growth and daily gain of lambs.

Genetic Studies on Growth Traits in Rajasri Variety of Backyard Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Pragnya ◽  
D. Sreenivas ◽  
M. Gnana Prakash ◽  
Daida Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Backyard Chicken

Background: Rajasri, a synthetic dual purpose variety suitable for backyard rearing. The current study was aimed to study the inheritance of Rajasri birds. Methods: This study was carried out during April 2019 to August 2019 at poultry research station, Hyderabad. Data collected on 6980 chicks produced from 220 sires and 660 dams in half sib mating in 4 hatches were utilized to estimate the genetic parameters.Result: Highly significant (P≤0.01) influence of hatch and sex on body weights and average daily gains and shank length was observed. The overall least-squares means of body weights at birth, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks of age were 32.35±0.4, 80.87±0.17, 184.29 ±0.44, 351.49±0.76, 576.16±1.10, 741.31±0.97, 878.03±0.91, 1038.9±0.91, 1160.61±0.99, 1271.59±1.27 and 1370.64±1.72g and shank length at 4 and 6 weeks of age were 47.49±0.05 and 62.18±0.06 mm, respectively. The overall least-square means of average daily gain peaks at 6-8 weeks age. Heritability estimates of body weights through sire component ranged from 0.04±0.016 (BW20) to 0.44±0.05 (BW0). Genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weights were ranged from 0.02±0.14 (BW6-BW14) to 0.98±0.01 (BW16-BW18) and 0.003±0.01 (BW2-BW20) to 0.93±0.01 (BW18-BW20), respectively. 

Genetic parameters for growth traits of a local breed of sheep in the United Arab Emirates

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. AL-SHOREPY
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Daily Gain

Genetic parameters were estimated for purebred and crossbred lambs of a local breed using a single trait animal model. The traits recorded were: birth weight (BWT), weight at 30 days (WT30), weaning weight (WWT), average daily gain from 1 to 30 days (ADG1) and average daily gain from 30 to 90 days (ADG2). Five different animal models were fitted for each trait; all including additive direct genetic variance and various combinations of additive maternal and environmental maternal effects. The most appropriate model was chosen based on likelihood ratio tests. Additive maternal and permanent environmental effects were important (P < 0·05) for birth weight in purebred and crossbred lambs, when compared with a model containing only additive direct effects. Inclusion of maternal permanent environmental effects provided a better fit (P < 0·05) for weaning weight in purebred lambs than a model containing only additive direct effects. Estimates of heritability from the model containing additive direct, maternal effects and maternal permanent environmental effects, but not additive direct-maternal correlation, for combined purebred and crossbred lambs were 0·32 for BWT, 0·19 for WT30, 0·24 for WWT, 0·26 for ADG1 and 0·12 for ADG2. Estimates of additive maternal and maternal permanent environmental variances, respectively, as a proportion of phenotypic variance were 0·06 and 0·07 for BWT, 0·05 and 0·02 for WT30, 0·02 and 0·03 for WWT, 0·03 and 0·05 for ADG1 and 0·00 and 0·03 for ADG2. Estimates of direct-maternal correlation in subsequent analyses were significant and ranged from −0·16 to −0·95 for live weights and from −0·73 to −1·0 for daily gains. However, the very large negative correlations probably resulted from undefined non-genetic covariances as well as possible antagonistic genetic effects. These results indicate that it would be possible to improve growth traits in a local sheep breed through genetic selection.

scholarly journals Grid search approach to discriminate between old and recent inbreeding using phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapol Sumreddee ◽  
El Hamidi Hay ◽  
Sajjad Toghiani ◽  
Andrew Roberts ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is expected to have more harmful effects on phenotypes than ancient inbreeding (old inbreeding), estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic data. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria such as the number of generations from a common ancestor or length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments. To mitigate these deficiencies, this study aimed to develop a method to classify pedigree and genomic inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search algorithm driven by the assumption that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced detrimental effect on traits. The proposed method was tested using a cattle population characterized by a deep pedigree. Results Effects of recent and ancient inbreeding were assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes were trait-specific and varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, inbreeding generated in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information (ROH) was used, thresholds ranged between four to seven generations, indicating, in part, the ability of ROH segments to characterize the harmful effects of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Nevertheless, using the proposed classification method, the discrimination between new and old inbreeding was less robust when ROH segments were used compared to pedigree. Using several model comparison criteria, the proposed approach was generally better than existing methods. Recent inbreeding appeared to be more harmful across the growth traits analyzed. However, both new and old inbreeding were found to be associated with decreased yearling weight and average daily gain. Conclusions The proposed method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding. The proposed method detected a clear divergence in the effects of old and recent inbreeding using pedigree data and it was superior to existing methods for all analyzed traits. Using ROH data, the discrimination between old and recent inbreeding was less clear and the proposed method was superior to existing approaches for two out of the four analyzed traits. Deleterious effects of recent inbreeding were detected sooner (fewer generations) using genomic information than pedigree. Difference in the results using genomic and pedigree information could be due to the dissimilarity in the number of generations to a common ancestor. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with the identification of ROH segments and associated inbreeding could have an effect on the results. Potential biases in the estimation of inbreeding effects may occur when new and old inbreeding are discriminated based on arbitrary thresholds. To minimize the impact of inbreeding, mating designs should take the different inbreeding origins into consideration.

scholarly journals Genomic prediction for growth using a low-density SNP panel in dromedary camels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Bitaraf Sani ◽  
Javad Zare Harofte ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Banabazi ◽  
Saeid Esmaeilkhanian ◽  
Ali Shafei Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractFor thousands of years, camels have produced meat, milk, and fiber in harsh desert conditions. For a sustainable development to provide protein resources from desert areas, it is necessary to pay attention to genetic improvement in camel breeding. By using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method we produced over 14,500 genome wide markers to conduct a genome- wide association study (GWAS) for investigating the birth weight, daily gain, and body weight of 96 dromedaries in the Iranian central desert. A total of 99 SNPs were associated with birth weight, daily gain, and body weight (p-value < 0.002). Genomic breeding values (GEBVs) were estimated with the BGLR package using (i) all 14,522 SNPs and (ii) the 99 SNPs by GWAS. Twenty-eight SNPs were associated with birth weight, daily gain, and body weight (p-value < 0.001). Annotation of the genomic region (s) within ± 100 kb of the associated SNPs facilitated prediction of 36 candidate genes. The accuracy of GEBVs was more than 0.65 based on all 14,522 SNPs, but the regression coefficients for birth weight, daily gain, and body weight were 0.39, 0.20, and 0.23, respectively. Because of low sample size, the GEBVs were predicted using the associated SNPs from GWAS. The accuracy of GEBVs based on the 99 associated SNPs was 0.62, 0.82, and 0.57 for birth weight, daily gain, and body weight. This report is the first GWAS using GBS on dromedary camels and identifies markers associated with growth traits that could help to plan breeding program to genetic improvement. Further researches using larger sample size and collaboration of the camel farmers and more profound understanding will permit verification of the associated SNPs identified in this project. The preliminary results of study show that genomic selection could be the appropriate way to genetic improvement of body weight in dromedary camels, which is challenging due to a long generation interval, seasonal reproduction, and lack of records and pedigrees.

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