Passing on the fire - To further inspire people to contribute to the management of animal genetic resources

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. Kubbinga ◽  
I. Hoffmann ◽  
B. Scherf
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
History Of

SummaryIn light of the upcoming first International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources (September 2007), experts have been interviewed to tell about their experiences in the management of animal genetic resources over the past fifty years. They identified three milestones in the history of Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) management: the foundation of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (1973), the FAO/UNEP 1980 Technical Consultation on AnGR, and the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). Conservation of AnGR started at grassroot level and eventually led to policies at governmental level. The passion of civil society organizations remains vital to conserve local livestock breeds. Technical and financial support will be crucial for the future of AnGR conservation. The next milestone will be a Global Plan of Action that is expected as one outcome of the International Technical Conference.

Genetic diversity and sustainable management of animal genetic resources, globally

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fimland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Commercial Breeding

SummaryGeneral trends of development imply an increasing uniformity of animal genetic resources, caused by the loss of endangered breeds and increased inbreeding within commercial breeding populations. The implications of these trends point to a reduction in the genetic diversity of the animal genetic resources, which may reduce possibilities for utilization in the future, while at the same time a dramatic change in environmental production conditions can be observed. In order to change this developmental trend, sustainable management of animal genetic resources must be promoted globally. The fundamental issues for such sustainable management are illustrated by the principles given in the Convention on Biological Diversity. In order to accomplish sustainable management of these resources, the following actions must be taken:• The development of policies to promote national and global responsibility for maintaining genetic diversity, which will not be addressed within this paper• The development of knowledge as a fundamental concept to impose sustainable management principles on these animal genetic resources. This will be dealt with in this paper. A more complete description of these features can be found in Woolliams et al, 2005 in (Sustainable Management of Animal Genetic Resources).

scholarly journals Policy Effects on the Sustainability of Animal Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7787
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
And Control

Sustainability in animal breeding can be understood as continuous availability of breeding animals and their germinal products for commercial production, that now and in the future, meet the requirements of a broad range of stakeholders: breeders, farmers, livestock keepers, producers, consumers and others, while respecting animal welfare and promoting more sustainable agriculture. Breeding goals are established to contribute to fulfilling various aspects of sustainability: quality, diversity, acceptability, environment and economics. Government policies and strategies have major impacts on animal breeding; they provide the basis for establishing the legal landscape for national priorities for livestock sector development and provide for institutional arrangements and control measures. Implementation of international agreements supports policy development for sustainability in animal breeding and production. The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources was prepared to directly contribute to sustainable management of livestock calling for improved characterization, monitoring, breeding and conservation. The Convention on Biological Diversity calls for the conservation of genetic diversity, including agricultural genetic resources. Animal breeding and strategies for livestock development require long-term policy perspectives, as poor decisions can have lasting detrimental effects. This paper is intended to highlight the importance of policy development in efforts to achieve sustainability in the livestock sector.

The UK Government policy on farm animal genetic resource conservation

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
M. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Country Report ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Farm Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
On Farm

AbstractHistorically the UK has not had or needed a defined Government policy on the conservation and utilisation of farm animal genetic resources. However, this situation has changed recently, partly as a result of international efforts, stimulated by the Convention on Biological Diversity, and led by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, to co-ordinate national strategies for conservation and utilisation of farm animal genetic resources. As part of this international effort, a National Consultative Committee was set up in the UK in 2001. This committee produced the UK Country Report on farm animal genetic resources, which was published in 2002 and submitted to FAO. This paper outlines the structure and recommendations of this report, and discusses government policy on farm animal genetic resources.

Ownership and Origin Stories

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Laura J. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Story

One of the most prominent motifs in the narration of the WPS agenda is a repeated, and repeatedly coherent, story of the history of “the agenda,” which tells of the advocacy surrounding the adoption of UNSCR 1325 in 2000 and anchors the agenda firmly in the passage of this resolution by the UN Security Council. The narration of this “origin story” is of critical importance in shaping what the agenda could and would become in the following twenty years. The “ownership” of the agenda by the women’s civil society organizations that lobbied for the adoption of the foundational resolution is a touchstone of political activism around the agenda and has had an impact on its development over the past two decades. These ownership claims, deriving from the origin stories, thus have important constitutive effects on the future of the agenda and on the legitimacy and credibility of various WPS subjects.

Is there a lifeguard at the genepool?

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Diversity

Modern agricultural practices have led to a decline in our farm animal genetic resources. Changes in the environment or society demands for more ecologically sustainable production systems may require breeds other than those in common use today. Although definitions of levels of concern differ, Canada has a number of endangered breeds which are of cultural and historical interest and which may be useful in future niche markets. Canada has formally ratified the international convention on biological diversity, but funding cuts have jeopardised national programs. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations has the mandate to establish an international program for conserving domestic animal diversity and its sustainable use. A major initiative has been the establishment of a data base and training information available through the World Wide Web. New technologies such as microsatellite markers and mathematical modelling offer promise for integration with more traditional live animal conservation methods and are now being incorporated into conservation schemes in a number of countries. Canadian groups involved in livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation must continue to interact to ensure a coordinated approach. Key words: Biodiversity, breed conservation, animal genetic resources

scholarly journals El Programa Mundial para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos de los Animales Domésticos

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Salah Galal ◽  
Kleith Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Farm Animal Genetic Resources

<p>Actualmente existen cerca de 3.972 razas de crianza incluidas en 28 especies de animales domésticos según estimativos del Banco Mundial de Datos de la FAO, las cuales contribuyen significativamente al bienestar material, social y cultural de la población humana. Se estima que el3o% de estas razas están en riesgo o peligro de extinción. El mantener la diversidad entre y en las especies, es crucial para el desarrollo actual y futuro de los sistemas sostenibles de producción animal. El marco de referencia general del Programa Global para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos Animales de la FAO (Programa de la FAO), está apoyado por el Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica (CBD), por la Conferencia sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas (UnceD), realizada en Río de Janeiro en 1992 y por las recomendaciones hechas en varias reuniones realizadas entre gobiernos y con otras entidades. El Programa de la FAO colabora con los países en el estudio y la documentación de sus razas de crianza, en estrategias para su mejor utilización y conservación, de modo que sea posible su uso en el futuro y, además para facilitar el acceso a estos recursos genéticos únicos.</p><p>El Programa de la FAO incluye cuatro puntos básicos: 1) una estructura global dirigida en el país; 2) un mecanismo intergubernamental para controlar el progreso y el desarrollo de una política internacional; 3) un programa técnico de trabajo; y, 4) un grupo de expertos que asesoran el desarrollo del Programa . La función de la FAO es básicamente liderar, facilitar y, en general, coordinar e informar. La estructura física del Programa está compuesta por las Oficinas Centrales Nacionales en los países, por las Oficinas en las principales regiones y subregiones del mundo y por la Oficina Principal de la FAO en Roma. La estructura virtual del Programa está constituida por el Sistema de Información sobre Diversidad Animal Nacional (DAD-IS), disponible ahora en Internet. Actualmente la estructura está completa en Europa, comenzó con 12 países en Asia, está en proceso de formación en América y, en 1997, se iniciará en el Cercano Oriente.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources</strong></p><p>At present there are 3-972 breeds for 28 domestic species according to FAO's Global Databank estimatives which are contributing significantly to the material, social and cultural welfare of the human population. It is estimated that 30% of these breeds are either at risk or endangered of becoming extinct. Maintaining diversity among and within species is crucial for the present and future development of sustainable animal production systems. The general framework of reference for the FAO Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAO Program for short) is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) endorsed by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Unced) held in Río De Janeiro in 1992 and recommendations made by various FAO intergovernmental and other forums. The FAO Program is aimed at assisting countries to survey and document their breeds of livestock, better utilize these breeds, maintain them for possible future use and access those unique genetic resources. The FAO Program comprises four components: a country driven global structure, an intergovernmental mechanism to effectively monitor progress and develop international policy, a technical program of work, and cadres of experts to help guide the Program development. FAO's role is that of leading, facilitating and globally coordinating and reporting. The Program physical structure is composed of National Focal points in countries, Regional Focal Points in the main world regions and sub­regions and a Global Focus at FAO, Rome. The virtual structure of the Program is that of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS), available now on the Internent. At present the structure has been completed for Europe, started with 12 countries in Asia, in the process of formation in the Americas and initiation will start in 1997 in the Near East.</p>

scholarly journals Asian Germplasm in American Horticulture: New Thoughts on an Old Theme

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
High Level

North American horticulture cultivates an astonishing diversity of ornamental species, from nearly every floristic region, but its landscapes are dominated by temperate species drawn from eastern Asia. The East Asiatic floristic region is one of the most diverse in the world with a high level of endemism across taxonomic ranks and ancient relicts of a once widespread flora. From this, a large number of ornamental genera and species have been introduced, from either a long history of cultivation in Asia or directly from the wild, where they have since become fixtures in European and American gardens. The success of Asian germplasm in American horticulture is attributable, in part, to a shared evolutionary history, climate matching, and pre-adaptability. Continuing access to these genetic resources is now governed by national legislation and influenced by an evolving international regime of access and benefit-sharing influenced by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Furthermore, updated plant quarantine regulations have added additional requirements for the importation of foreign plant genetic resources. The newly created category within the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Q37 regulations known as “not authorized pending pest risk analysis” (NAPPRA) restricts the import of plants for planting that may harbor pests or become pests that are not already established within the United States. To this end, scientists involved in the collection or use of Asian plant genetic resources are affected by recent changes in international and national laws, regulations, and access and benefit-sharing regimes.

scholarly journals Reflections on the Relationship between the Government and Civil Society Organizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillel Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Power Dependence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper analyzes the relations between the government and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. The paper presents the inconsistent policy of the government, which has been influenced by various interest groups and the very limited financial support allocated to CSOs during the health, economic and social crisis. The paper describes the government’s alienated attitude toward the CSOs as well as the reasons for that behavior. Special attention is devoted to the government’s misunderstanding of the mission and roles of CSOs in modern society, especially at times of crisis and national disasters. The paper also analyzes the organizational and strategic behavior of CSOs toward the government, which has also contributed to the alienated attitude of the government toward them. I argue that relations between CSOs and the government should be based on more trust, mutuality, and understanding on the part of both actors in order to change power-dependence relations, and that there is a need to establish more cross-sectoral partnerships for the benefit of citizens.

Convention on Biological Diversity: Towards a sustainable future

Social Change ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-191
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Transfer Benefit ◽  
Global Agreement

In an era of a rapidly shrinking biological resources, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a historic landmark, being the first global agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The CBD is one of the few international agreements in the area of natural resource conservation in which sustainability and equitable benefit-sharing are central concerns. The CBD links traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably and sets forth principles for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources, notably those destined for commercial use. Importantly, the CBD also gives traditional knowledge its due place in the sustainable use of genetic resources. The CBD also covers the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, addressing technology development and transfer, benefit-sharing and biosafety, in an equitable framework. In the coming years, the CBD is likely to have major repercussions on the way biodiversity is conserved and benefits thereof, shared between the developing and developed worlds. The following commentary on the CBD has drawn heavily from a document produced by Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, at the United Nations Environment Programme. Articles 1 to 21 of the CBD have also been reproduced here in order to disseminate knowledge regarding the principles of the CBD-Editor.

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