Die pleonastischen Zusammensetzungen der deutschen Gegenwartssprache

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Bloomer

In Early New High German the word for ‘greyhound’ was wind, but in Modern German it is Windhund. This kind of change from an original simplex to a compound is called “pleonastic compounding,” a term used as little as the topic itself is discussed in the study of word formation. In Modern German some ninety (or more) native and borrowed words from the realms of animals, plants, minerals and others have developed in this way. This essay provides the first detailed account of the pleonastic compounds in Modern German. These words are first collected and presented in conceptual groups. Further goals are to describe and categorize them morphologically; to illustrate the semantic relationship between their respective constituents by application of the concept of hyponomy, which is expanded by means of zoological taxonomy in order to deal with selected animal names; and to describe the possible causes of their formation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 314-334
Author(s):  
Anna Godzich

Word-formation and compounding in Italian present many interesting challenges (classification of compounds, its interpretation and types of semantic relationship that may hold between the compound’s elements). This article attempts to examine a different one — the orthography of one productive compounding pattern in present-day Italian, that is Verb + Noun compounds. Various accounts of Verb + Noun ortography are reviewed, with special focus on the status of hyphenated words. In light of this data, the author focuces also on the problem of inclusion of compounds as multi-word units by dictionaries. The aim of this research is to contrast theoretical prescriptions with some data samples of Italian (Noun) Verb + Noun compounds drawn from La Gazzetta dello Sport (2016—2020). With this analysis the author wants to examine more in detail whether the use reflects what Italian grammarians claim about the Verb + Noun compounds ortography rules, because in various researches conducted in this field that aspect has often been neglected.


Author(s):  
И.Н. Цаллагова

В статье рассматриваются вопросы композитного словообразования в осетинском языке. Пристальный интерес специалистов к образованию сложных слов в языке, особенно в дигорском диалекте, автор объясняет его слабой изученностью в лингвистической науке. На сегодняшний день в осетинском языке обнаруживается значительное количество сложных образований, статус которых до сих пор не определен. Это приводит к некоторым сложностям при составлении учебных пособий и словарей осетинского языка. Дело в том, что семантическое слияние двух и более основ в одно целое не всегда сопровождается какими-либо изменениями грамматических форм слов, которые ранее были словосочетаниями. В связи с тем, что в осетинском языкознании недостаточно разработаны теоретические вопросы композитного словообразования, множество конструкций не поддается окончательному определению и сохраняет как бы промежуточное положение между сложными словами и словосочетаниями; одна и та же конструкция тяготеет одними признаками к сложному слову, другими – к словосочетанию. В представленном исследовании рассмотрена проблема идентификации композита, которая тесно связана с проблемами орфографирования и лексикографирования данных языковых образований: непоследовательностью в правописании разных типов сложных слов, отсутствием единых принципов отбора и подачи их в словарях. В статье рассмотрены вопросы типологии композитов в осетинском языке, которые отличаются разнообразием как по характеру семантических взаимоотношений между компонентами конструкции, так и по своим формально-структурным характеристикам. Composites have been and remain the object of close attention of linguists. Compounding in the Ossetian language, especially in the Digor dialect, is one of the least studied problems. Meanwhile, in the Ossetian language today there are a significant number of complex entities, the status of which has not yet been determined. This leads to certain difficulties in the compilation of textbooks and dictionaries of the Ossetian language. This is due to the fact that the semantic fusion of two or more bases into one whole is not always accompanied by any changes in the grammatical forms of the words that make up the phrase. Due to the fact that the theoretical issues of composite word-formation are not sufficiently developed in Ossetian linguistics, many constructions do not lend themselves to definitive definition and occupy an intermediate position between compound words and phrases, acquiring some characteristics of a word combination and retaining some features of a compound word. This study addresses the problem of identifying a composite, which is closely related to the problems of spelling and lexicography of these language formations - inconsistency in the spelling of various types of complex words, the lack of uniform selection principles and their presentation in dictionaries. The questions of the typology of composites in the Ossetian language, which are distinguished by a variety of both the nature of the semantic relationship between the components of the structure and their formal and structural characteristics, are considered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-83
Author(s):  
Evgenia N. Varnikova ◽  

The paper considers a historical aspect of zoonymic studies which has not been sufficiently developed. The history of Russian horse names (hipponyms) is explored using zoonymic data from the inventories of the Vologda monasteries in the 16th — early 18th centuries, the materials from Listings of horses (Moscow, 1665), and archival documents of the Soviet farms of Sevmaslotrest from 1930s. The author identifies the lexical structure of Early Modern Russian hipponymy, delves into the meaning of names and appellatives they derive from, analyses the structure of horses’ names, and describes the name formation techniques. The studied sources bring the picture of the general development of lexical patterns in the Russian hipponymy. As it turns out, the vocabulary of Early Modern Russian hyponymy is almost identical with the Old Russian anthroponomy, which attests to their genetic unity. At the same time, the use of Christian names is noted, with these becoming more popular in the given period. The article also deals with structural types of Early Modern Russian hipponyms: zoonyms having a substantive form (nicknames formed from onomastic, agential, zoological, and object nouns; zoonymic compounds; suffixal compounds); adjective-based zoonyms; mixed names. In monastic scripts of the 16th — early 18th centuries, the vast majority of units used as hipponyms are “prefabricated” traditional names, the cases of creating original animal names are rare. In the latter case, zoonyms are usually formed using suffixal patterns peculiar for agentive and anthroponomic vocabulary. The word-building patterns include the onymisation of appellatives (sometimes by metaphoric transfer), substantivisation (nominalization) of adjectives, transonymisation of personal and place names. Due to the semantic, structural, and word-formation proximities between Early Modern Russian zoonymy and Old Russian anthroponomy, zoonymic vocabulary of the 16th–18th centuries provides a reliable source on Old Russian onomasticon, as well as explains the “anthroponymic” nature of modern Russian zoonymy and the active use of personal names for animals at present. This practice turns out to have deep historical roots.


1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ruth Lunt Lanouette

In this paper I examine the effect of the semantic relationship between an attributive genitive and its head noun on the relative ordering of the two during the ENHG period. Data were collected from five sources, all written between 1500 and 1550 by men who were natives of the city Nuremburg. Since it has been shown that personal genitives more frequently preceded the head noun, while nonpersonal genitives more often followed, the data were broken down into those two categories. It is shown that personal subjective and objective genitives are more likely to follow the head noun than personal genitives in general, while personal possessive and relational genitives are more likely to precede.


2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann

This paper investigates the role of syntactic, semantic, and lexical factors in the diachronic development of German nominalization patterns. Drawing on an extensive corpus analysis of Early New High German and New High German texts, it is shown that (a) deverbal nominals in the suffix -ung tend to develop more reified meaning variants, which is reflected in the syntactic patterns in which the word-formation products preferentially occur, and (b) infinitival nominalization becomes more productive and is established as the new default word-formation pattern deriving nouns from verbs. These considerations fit in neatly with a cognitively-oriented theory of word-formation change situated in the framework of Construction Grammar.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert

Abstract Tomasello frequently refers to joint commitment, but does not fully characterize it. In earlier publications, I have offered a detailed account of joint commitment, tying it to a sense that the parties form a “we,” and arguing that it grounds directed obligations and rights. Here I outline my understanding of joint commitment and its normative impact.


Author(s):  
Pavol Stekauer ◽  
Salvador Valera ◽  
Livia Kortvelyessy
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Gill

In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document