Gender differences in the trajectories and the risk factors of depressive symptoms in later life

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiae Lee ◽  
Soong-Nang Jang ◽  
Sung-Il Cho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Multinomial Regression

ABSTRACTBackground:The present study investigated changes in the trajectories of depressive symptoms in the elderly and attempted to identify risk factors that influence these changes according to gender.Methods:All data were obtained from a subsample of subjects who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing between 2006 and 2012; 3,667 individuals (1,566 men and 2,101 women) aged 60 years and older were included in the present study. A group-based trajectory model was employed to determine the appropriate number of groups and to observe changes in depressive symptoms according to research year. Following the trajectory analysis, a multinomial regression analysis was performed to examine depressive symptom-related risk factors that influenced membership in the different trajectory groups.Results:Significant gender differences were found in the trajectories of depressive symptoms among four groups (normal, mild depressed, worsening, and depressed) in men and five groups (normal, mild depressed, worsening, improving, and depressed) in women. Among the trajectory groups, physical health status such as chronic diseases, self-rated health (SRH), and somatic pain showed statistically significant differences in both genders. In addition, employment in men and social participation in women were associated with the trajectories.Conclusions:The present study suggested that maintaining one's physical health status played an important role in preventing depressive symptoms and that employment in men and social participation in women were preventative against the development of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Physical Health Status of Emergency Care Providers in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Mthombeni ◽  
Yoga Coopoo ◽  
Habib Noorbhai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Emergency care providers (ECPs) have a physically, mentally, and emotionally demanding profession. Therefore, they are predisposed to cardiovascular and other non-communicable disease risk factors. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the physical health status of ECPs in the North West province of South Africa through a selected anthropometric and other health parameter test battery. Methods: Ninety-one ECPs (64 males, 27 females) took part in the study voluntarily for health screening tests including body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP), skinfold measurement, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM). Results: The participants demonstrated a mean BMI of 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2, body fat of 26 ± 7.6 %, and LBM of 58.6 ± 10 kg. Significant differences were seen in height (170.5 ± 6.2 vs. 160.7 ± 5.3 cm), BF% (22.5 ± 5.3 vs. 34.2 ± 6.2 %), and LBM (62.3 ± 8 vs. 49.2 ± 8.2 kg) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05). Mean systolic BP was 122 ± 15 mmHg, and diastolic BP was 81 ± 10 mmHg. Mean WC was 90.8 ± 11.4 cm. Other health parameters included mean FBG of 5.1 ± 2.4 mmol/L and mean TC of 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L. Significant differences were seen in WHR (0.88 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.06) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: A significant number of ECPs presented with cardiovascular and other NCD risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, high WC, elevated FBG, and abnormal levels of TC. This can be attributed to the nature of their occupation such as working irregular shifts leading to sleep deprivation, being exposed to psychological trauma, poor nutrition during shifts, and/or lack of exercise. Stress management is an important part of these workers’ rehabilitation program. A well-formulated employee wellness program is required to set remedial measures in place.

PHYSICAL HEALTH STATUS OF PEOPLE AGED 60 YEARS AND OVER AT NURSING CLUBS IN DISTRICT 10, HO CHI MINH CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Manh Tri ◽  
Le Thi Tuong Van ◽  
Luong Thai Vinh ◽  
Vo Thi Ngoc Ha ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Internal Factors

Background: The age of support and endurance against external and internal factors and agents is greatly less so that the need for health care including physical and mental training to improve the quality of life is essential especially the physical health of the elderly. Target:. Determination of physical health scores and associations of people aged 60 years and older at nursing clubs in District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, in 2019. Methods and materials: Descriptive cross-section study. People aged 60 years and over who have been training at nursing clubs living in District 10, Ho Chi Minh City were surveyed from September 2018 to October 2019. Results: The study showed an average score of 63.3 in ±17.3 points. In particular, physical activity: 61.0±23.1; physical limitations: 57.2±26.1; pain sensation: 68.2±22,2; general health: 59.6±14.9. Considering the relationship, as the age group increases, the mean score of the elderly's quality of life decreases statistically significantly in four áreas (p<0,05). Women have a statistically significantly higher mean score on quality of life than men (p<0,05). Conclusions: The results of the study are important information that informs the physical health status of elderly people aged 60 years and older, and suggests recommendations in improving the quality of physical health care of the elderly.

Care-Receiver and Caregiver Assessments of Functioning: Are There Gender Differences?

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Shaver ◽  
Diane E. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Caregiver Relationship ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ABSTRACTIn situations where care-receivers cannot respond to questions about their functional status, caregiver proxies are often substituted. Yet studies addressing caregiver-care-receiver agreement remain limited in scope, focusing primarily on cognitive functioning and caregiver relationship. This study broadens the range of research in this area by examining caregiver and care-receiver reports of individual IADL and AADL items by gender of care-receiver. As well, the degree to which the care-receiver's age and mental and physical health status influence agreement are investigated. Data for this study come from a sample of 388 Manitoba older adults aged 65 and over. Results (using Cohen's kappa) suggest less agreement on the presence of disability for men than for women, particularly among those aged 75–84. Differences by health status were also revealed. The implications of the findings for assessments of functioning are considered.

Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly: The Mediating Effect of Social Participation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfan Zhang ◽  
Dai Su ◽  
Yingchun Chen ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Xinlin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract Background: Many studies have shown that socioeconomic status and social participation are important factors affecting the health status of the elderly. However, the specific mechanism and path are unclear. This research aimed to investigate the mediating effect of social participation on the association between the socioeconomic status and the health status of the elderly.Methods: A total of 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were obtained, including 10 197 elderly people over 65 years old. Bootstrap method was adopted to examine the mediating effect of social participation on the relationship of the socioeconomic status with the physical and mental health of the elderly. Socioeconomic status included three dimensions: income, education level, and main occupation before retirement. The physical and mental health of the elderly were measured with the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE). The social participation of the elderly was the mediator variable, including group exercise and organised social activities. Results: The average scores of IADL and MMSE were 17.98 and 23.04, respectively. Group-exercise participation had a mediating effect between socioeconomic status and physical health of the elderly, and the highest proportion of the mediating effect of each subdimension was 62.84% (95% CI = 0.165, 0.285). The highest proportion of the mediating effect of group-exercise participation on the mental-health status of the elderly was 16.70% (95% CI = 0.072, 0.153). The mediating effect of interacting with friends between the socioeconomic status and the physical health of the elderly was 30.69% (95% CI = 0.037, 0.196) in each subdimension and 15.46% (95% CI = 0.012, 0.169) in mental health. Participation in organised social activities had a mediating effect only between the socioeconomic status and the physical health of the elderly, and the highest proportion of the mediating effect in each dimension was 13.97% (95% CI = 0.014, 0.088).Conclusion: The socioeconomic status of the elderly plays a mediating role in the process of influencing the physical and mental health of the elderly by participating in group exercise and organised social activities, as well as actively interacting with friends. It can significantly adjust the adverse effects of a disadvantaged socioeconomic status on improvements in physical and mental health to achieve better health outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Physiological Health Status, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults in Two Arab Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Nada A. AbuAlUla ◽  
Rami A. Elshatarat ◽  
Mohammed I. Yacoub ◽  
Khadega Ahmed Elhefnawy ◽  
Mohammed S. Aljohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: Identify the relationships among participants’ lifestyle and their perceptions toward physiological health status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional research study. A convenience sampling was used to recruit 480 adult clients from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Results: The majority of the participants (48.8%) rated their physiological health status as sub-optimal health. Significant positive associations were found between participants’ perceptions about physiological health status as ‘healthy’ and their positive lifestyle and low-risk behaviors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Specifically, the associations were between not being smoker (χ2 = 4.17, p = 0.04), practicing physical activity (χ2 = 60.9, p < 0.001), eating ≥ 5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily (χ2 = 8.33, p = 0.004), and being normal/under-weight (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Perception about poor/sub-optimal physical health status is associated with many CVD risk factors. Using a brief screening tool to assess physical health status is recommended at each clinic visit. In addition, periodic physical assessment, full check-up, and follow-up with healthcare providers are highly suggested for those who perceived their physical health status as “poor” to prevent further CVD. Health education is pressingly recommended to improve the awareness of these Arab communities toward the prevention of CVD risk factors and enhancement of positive lifestyle behaviors.

Multimorbidity is associated with more subsequent depressive symptoms in three months: a prospective study of community-dwelling adults in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco T. T. Lai ◽  
Tsz Wah Ma ◽  
Wai Kai Hou
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTMultimorbid adults are more likely to have depression. However, existing data are mostly cross-sectional or retrospective with poor control of baseline depressive symptoms and a focus on long-term effects. This prospective study examined the short-term independent predictive association of multimorbidity with depressive symptoms. We collected baseline and three-month follow-up data from a population-based sample of 300 community-dwellers (aged 18–77) in Hong Kong. Multiple regression was used to examine the predictive association of baseline multimorbidity (two or more physical chronic conditions), relative to having one or zero conditions, with depressive symptoms in three months measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D, out of 60) scale. Multivariable adjustments were made for socio-demographics, baseline CES-D scores, and baseline self-perceived physical health status. A sub-analysis was conducted to compare multimorbid participants with monomorbid (one condition) ones. In our sample, 48 participants (16%) had multimorbidity. Adjusted analysis showed that on average, multimorbid participants had 2.71 (95% CI, 0.36–5.06, Cohen’s d = 0.128) more points in the CES-D scale at three-month follow-up than non-multimorbid participants (zero or one condition) did, which was independent of baseline CES-D scores, self-perceived physical health status, and socio-demographics. Compared with monomorbid participants, multimorbidity was associated with a similar difference of 2.92 (95% CI, 0.81–5.66, Cohen’s d = 0.220) points. Incremental R-square changes associated with the inclusion of multimorbidity were significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the effect of multimorbidity on depressive symptoms may take a shorter period to manifest than previously assumed. The mental health of adults with multimorbidity warrants more attention.

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