Overview of Differential Diagnosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
E. Jane Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Association Areas ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Cortical Dementia ◽  
Cortical Dysfunction ◽  
Made In

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an example of cortical dementia, where most of the pathological changes lie in cortical association areas and the predominant clinical features are symptomatic of cortical dysfunction. The differential diagnosis of AD is complex and is usually made in two stages: diagnosis of the dementia syndrome and diagnosis of the underlying etiology. Each of these stages is complicated by the existence of conditions that mimic dementia in presentation and by the risk of inappropriately diagnosing AD where other conditions are responsible for the dementia state. Despite the fact that the concept of dementia, in terms of a decline in cognitive function and behavioral change, has existed for many years, there is still a general lack of agreement about the components of the syndrome. This article reviews the issues surrounding the differential diagnosis of the dementia syndrome and explores the points of differentiation between AD and some similar etiologies encountered when making a differential diagnosis.

Workshop 1: Differential Diagnosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Martin Rossor
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Made In

We were asked to consider differential diagnosis. We decided that it really is different from the other diagnostic modalities and cannot be treated in the same way as, for example, global or neuropsychological measures. In the context of this meeting, we believed it would be appropriate to consider clinical criteria. Thus, clinical criteria for the dementia syndrome as well as for specific diseases were discussed. We recognized that in the future, an increasing number of patients will present with cognitive impairment who do not fulfill the clinical criteria for dementia. These patients may alternatively have an isolated memory impairment syndrome. Nevertheless, a diagnosis will still need to be made in these patients, at least in terms of the underlying molecular pathology, in order to implement potential treatments.

Recognition of and Response to Dementia Syndrome in Primary Care: Part 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Iliffe ◽  
Priya Jain ◽  
Jane Wilcock
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

The theme of this article is the recognition of and response to dementia in general practice. Its aim is to clarify the tasks of diagnosing dementia, to advise on the use of cognitive function tests, to suggest ways of establishing the subtype of dementia where possible and to assist general practitioners in talking about dementia with their patients and their families.

The first two decades of Circular Economy in the 21st century: a bibliographic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Francisco Pinto Anaruma ◽  
Jorge Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Anaruma Filho ◽  
Wesley Ricardo de Souza Freitas ◽  
Adriano Alves Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Academic Area ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and map the main areas of the Circular Economy literature of the first two decades of 21st century, offering a broad vision about the growth of the theme during these years.Design/methodology/approachThe research was divided into two stages: the first was a systematic review of literature and the second consisted on generation and analysis of bibliographic maps.FindingsThe publication indicates the prominence of China and European Union countries in the production of articles about Circular Economy. Furthermore, the topic is restricted to academic area, and that research on Circular Economy is still very focused on theory studies, even with exponential growth in the number of published articles about the theme since 2015. Finally, it also provides a collection of information as the principal authors, the most cited publications, citations, co-citations and countries that have most published beyond which are the most discussed topics.Research limitations/implicationsA possible limitation of the research is that it was performed only in the Scopus database. It may be suggested as future searches that other databases are included as well, and another suggestion is to reduce the time period between research samples due to the exponential increase in the number of publications and topics discussed lately.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can guide future researches about the development of Circular Economy during the next decades or years and serve as a facilitator for researchers and for managers that want to know more about the topic.Originality/valueA mapping of the principal players and main discussions about Circular Economy made in the first two decades of the 21st century and an analysis about the growth and changes about the theme.

scholarly journals Extraction of γ-Alumina from Low-Cost Kaolin

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Khalil Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Moumani ◽  
Salsabeela Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Microcrystalline Powder ◽  
Made In

A combined process is proposed for the utilization of local kaolin to produce alumina particles. The applied process is made in two stages: calcination at 700 °C with sodium chloride and leaching with sulfuric followed by hydrochloric acids. The optimal extraction efficiency can be obtained when the conditions are as follows: leaching temperature is at 140 °C, leaching time is 3 h 45 min and concentration of sulfuric acid is 40 wt.%. The results show that the purity of alumina reaches 79.28%, which is suitable for the production of aluminum metal. It is evident that this method of extraction of alumina from the kaolin ash is practical and feasible. The structural and morphological properties of the calcined microcrystalline powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Positioning the Tata Nano (B)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Alice M. Tybout ◽  
Natalie Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

The case focuses on positioning a new brand, the Tata Nano. The car has been widely publicized as the world's cheapest car at Rs.1 lakh. Students must consider the gap between the ultimate target, the huge emerging middle class of Indian consumers, and the limited capacity and distribution available in choosing a target. They also must select between alternative competitive frames and the various points of difference they highlight. The case unfolds in two stages. The first decision point is in 2009, at the launch of the time of the product launch. The second decision point is 18 months later, after production capacity has increased and some product safety issues have arisen.The primary goal of the case is to illustrate the choices made in developing a strong brand positioning and the interrelationship between these choices. Students select a target and an appropriate competitive frame of reference and point of difference for that target and summarize these elements in a positioning statement. The case also highlights importance of making promotion and distribution decisions that are consistent with the positioning.

scholarly journals Age-related aspects of differential diagnosis of acute cough in children and adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
I. V. Leshchenko ◽  
S. A. Tsar’kova ◽  
A. D. Zherebtsov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Cough is one of the most common causes of seeking the primary medical care, especially during the autumn and the spring. This article is a review of literature  aimed at differential diagnosis of possible causes of acute cough in children and  adults. Given a vast majority of diseases associated with cough, differential diagnosis  have to consider several issues. The key issue is cough duration and possible  anatomical location of the pathological changes. An algorithm of differential diagnosis  of acute cough in children and adults and description of most common diseases  associated with acute cough are given in the review. Further diagnostic work-up  should be driven by the duration of cough as soon as the acute cough could be first  manifestation of a chronic disease.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE MUCOSA OF THE ORAL CAVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Odinakhon Umarova ◽  
◽  
Mahpirathon Rasulova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Variants of pathological changes related to the group of white lesions: multiform erythema, flat lichen, candidiasis glossitis at the stage of formation of white foci. In this paper we consider the differential diagnosis of multiform erythema, planar lichen, candidiasis glossitis in the presence of signs of white plaque. Clarification of the diagnosis is based on a thorough examination and additional (including laboratory) research methods. Analysis of the results of observation of clinical cases of oral mucosa diseases to differentiate existing foci for correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.The analysis of clinical cases of diseases of the oral mucous membrane indicates the similarity of their elements of destruction and manifestations of other symptoms, which greatly complicates the diagnostic search. A thorough survey, inspection, consultations of general specialists and additional laboratory tests allow to successfully solve the tasks

Pathological diagnostics of pig diseases

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kudryashov ◽  
◽  
V.I. Balabanova ◽  
T.P. Maksimov ◽  
M.I. Maksimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Original Photographs ◽  
Illustrative Material

This book accumulates authors’ practical knowledge and experience in pig pathology. It contains a big volume of theoretical and illustrative material, collected during authors’ many years long pig dissecting practice on pig farms in Russia. Most of the diseases presented in the book are diseases of the modern livestock of Russian pig farms, studied by the authors in the last 10 years until 2021. There are more than 460 original photographs of pig organs with pathological changes due to different diseases and pathological conditions. Methodological material on pig necropsy is also presented, as well as differential diagnosis tables.

scholarly journals Standardized Surgical Management for Cystic Dilation of the Bile Ducts Based on Clinical and Pathological Studies: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hong-Tian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Reoperation Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanism ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cyst Excision ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
Made In

The surgical method of complete/radical cyst excision plus Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy remains the primary therapy and the only effective treatment for cystic dilation of the bile ducts (CDBDs). However, the incidence of long-term postoperative complications is still high, as is the reoperation rate, and the potential for postoperative malignant transformation still exists. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenic mechanism and pathological changes of adult CDBDs. Based on which, the surgical procedures for CDBDs have been revised to further improve their effectiveness. The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the latest concepts of the etiology and pathogenic mechanism and the pathological changes of adult CDBDs. Based on the findings of these clinical and pathological studies, a comprehensive theoretical system in the surgical treatment of CDBDs has been established, which corrects many previous theoretical misunderstandings. The specific surgical method for each type of CDBDs and the key technical notes are also described in detail. Using these principles, treatment outcomes for CDBDs can be significantly improved, and the current high complication rate, reoperation rate, and rate of postoperative malignant transformation can be reduced.

scholarly journals Training-Monitoring Engagement: An Evidence-Based Approach in Elite Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Neupert ◽  
Stewart T. Cotterill ◽  
Simon A. Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
National Team ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Key Staff ◽  
And Training ◽  
Made In

Purpose: Poor athlete buy-in and adherence to training-monitoring systems (TMS) can be problematic in elite sport. This is a significant issue, as failure to record, interpret, and respond appropriately to negative changes in athlete well-being and training status may result in undesirable consequences such as maladaptation and/or underperformance. This study examined the perceptions of elite athletes to their TMS and their primary reasons for noncompletion. Methods: Nine national-team sprint athletes participated in semistructured interviews on their perceptions of their TMS. Interview data were analyzed qualitatively, based on grounded theory, and TMS adherence information was collected. Results: Thematic analysis showed that athletes reported their main reason for poor buy-in to TMS was a lack of feedback on their monitoring data from key staff. Furthermore, training modifications made in response to meaningful changes in monitoring data were sometimes perceived to be disproportionate, resulting in dishonest reporting practices. Conclusions: Perceptions of opaque or unfair decision making on training-program modifications and insufficient feedback were the primary causes for poor athlete TMS adherence. Supporting TMS implementation with a behavioral-change model that targets problem areas could improve buy-in and enable limited resources to be appropriately directed.

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