The Three Mile Island (TMI) Accident

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
Gordon K. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Health It ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Nuclear Warfare

On March 28,1979, a near nuclear catastrophe occurred at Three Mile Island (TMI) near Harrisburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. I was at that time Pennsylvania's Secretary of Health. It was an accident that just “could not happen.” After all, nuclear power plants were built so safely that they could not possibly affect public health.As a physician, lam compelled to say that I am unalterably opposed to nuclear warfare. I am sure that most physicians would agree that there can be no adequate preparedness for the devastating medical consequences of nuclear war. Prevention of nuclear war is the only reasonable medical response to the hazards posed by nuclear weapons.By contrast, many of you may not share my position on nuclear power. Nuclear power can be made relatively safe if we do not ignore the public health lessons of the past. I belive that physicians need to increase and update their understandings of the medical consequences of radiation accidents and be trained to triage and to treat blast, radiation, and burn injuries.

scholarly journals Radiophobia - useful concept or ostracising term?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lindberg ◽  
Denali Archer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Public Ignorance ◽  
Sociopsychological Factors

The term ‘radiophobia’ has been a cornerstone in much of the nuclear discourse over the past 70 years and has been used extensively by proponents of nuclear technologies to dismiss fears of radiation as being emotional overreactions to a risk that is actuarially very low, and that this stems from public ignorance. Despite its longevity in nuclear discourse, little attention has been afforded to the term, its history, and the factors that underpin the extreme divergence in risk perception that the term de facto refers to, threatening to severely hamper any efforts to redress said divergence. This article will explore these factors, mostly sociopsychological in nature, and conclude that the powerful affective imagery associated with radiation, compounded by various heuristics and biases, renders public discomfort with ionising radiation from nuclear power plants rational – despite the fact nuclear energy is actuarially the safest energy source available. The article will note that whilst its often ostracising usage towards the public should render the term obsolete, radiophobia can still be regarded as a useful concept to try and explain the extreme risk perception divergence that exists between nuclear experts and the public. This would, however, require a paradigm shift that acknowledges the complex historical and sociopsychological factors that have shaped radiation into becoming a uniquely feared process. Such an acknowledgement will likely be a prerequisite for any efforts towards normalising humanity’s relationship with radiation, and would require considerable changes in communication practices.

scholarly journals Trends in breastfeeding practices and mothers’ experience in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Courtois ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
Benoît Salanave ◽  
Valentina A. Andreeva ◽  
Marie Françoise Roland-Cachera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation

Abstract Background France has one of the lowest rates in the world regarding breastfeeding initiation and duration. Few studies have explored breastfeeding practices in France since the middle of the twentieth century, or following from initiation to cessation. The purpose of our study was to determine trends in breastfeeding over the past decades regarding public health recommendations, and to examine mothers’ perceptions about factors known to have an impact on breastfeeding support and cessation. Methods From the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 29,953 parous women (launched in 2009 to study relation between nutrition and health), were included in the present study. Using web-questionnaires, they were asked retrospectively if they had breastfed their youngest child or not, and if so, the duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding. For those who had breastfed, we investigated their perceptions about support at initiation and during the entire breastfeeding period and reasons for breastfeeding cessation. We also asked those who did not breastfeed about their perceptions and reasons for infant formula feeding their youngest child. Analyses were weighted according to the French census data. Results In the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 67.3% of mothers breastfed their youngest child. The proportion of breastfed children increased over the past few decades, from 55.0% (95% CI 54.3, 55.6) in the 1970s to 82.9% (82.4, 83.4) in the 2010s. Total and exclusive breastfeeding duration went from 3.3 months and 2.4 months respectively in the 1970s to 5.9 months and 3.2 months respectively in the 2010s. Most mothers felt supported at initiation and during the breastfeeding period. A reported desire to have breastfed longer than two months was 59.5%. Mothers who did not breastfeed did it by choice (64.3%). They did not feel guilty (78.2%) and did not perceive a problem not to breastfeed (58.8%), but almost half of them would have liked to have breastfed (45.9%). Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has increased in the past decades but did not reach the public health recommendations threshold. Targets other than mothers have to be considered for breastfeeding education, like the partner and her environment, to increase breastfeeding practices. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644).

A Model for Sustaining Evidence-Based Practices in a Statewide System

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Lang ◽  
Kellie G. Randall ◽  
Michelle Delaney ◽  
Jeffrey J. Vanderploeg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Systems

Over the past 20 years, efforts have been made to broadly disseminate evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, the public health impact of EBPs has yet to be realized and most EBPs are not sustained. Few structured models exist for disseminating and sustaining EBPs across large systems. This article describes the EBP Dissemination and Support Center (DSC) model and how it was used to sustain trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) across Connecticut. More than 600 clinicians at 35 agencies have been trained and nearly all agencies have sustained TF-CBT for up to 9 years. More than 6,200 children have received TF-CBT and have shown improvements in outcomes and quality indicators. Recommendations are made for using or adapting the DSC model.

scholarly journals Abordagem conceitual sobre a sífilis na gestação e o tratamento de parceiros sexuais

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayanne Rakelly De Oliveira ◽  
Mayanne Santana Nóbrega De Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health It ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control ◽  
In Pregnancy

Este texto tem como objetivo trazer considerações epidemiológicas e conceituais sobre a sífilis, o tratamento de parceiros sexuais e a inserção do enfermeiro em ações de prevenção e controle desse importante agravo à saúde pública. Enfatiza os aspectos relacionados às medidas de controle dos casos, à terapêutica da doença e à magnitude das complicações visando a contribuir para o aprofundamento da temática e reflexão da prática profissional.Descritores: Sífilis, Parceiros Sexuais, Enfermagem, Saúde Pública.Conceptual approach on syphilis in pregnancy and the treatment of sexual partnersThis text aims to bring epidemiological and conceptual considerations on syphilis, the treatment of sexual partners and the insertion of the nurse in prevention actions and control of this relevant grievance to the public health. It emphasizes the aspects related to control measures of the cases, to the therapeutics of disease and the magnitude of the complications seeking to contribute to the deepening of the theme and the reflection of professional practice.Descriptors: Syphilis, Sexual Partners, Nursing, Public Health.Abordaje conceptual sobre la sífilis en la gestación y lo tratamiento de las parejas sexualesEnfoque conceptual de la sífilis en el embarazo y el tratamiento de las parejas sexuales. Este texto tiene como objetivo integrar consideraciones conceptuales y epidemiológicas sobre la sífilis, el tratamiento de las parejas sexuales y la inclusión de los enfermeros en la prevención y control de este importante agravio de salud pública. Destaca los aspectos relacionados con los casos, con la terapéutica de la enfermedad y con la magnitud de las complicaciones con el objetivo de contribuir a la profundización de la temática y la reflexión de la práctica profesional.Descriptores: Sífilis, Las Parejas Sexuales, Enfermería, Salud Pública.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the ‘New South Africa’

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
Sean Kaliski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
New South ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past

Academic medicine in South Africa was created largely by talented graduates who, having travelled overseas (especially to Britain) for postgraduate training, returned to teach in the newly established medical schools and teaching hospitals. However, over the past three decades fewer have decided to return. Consequently academic medicine generally is in decline. Hospital specialists are demoralised, and about 80% of those recently surveyed indicated that they intended leaving the public health service if the present imbalance between service commitments, research opportunities, and poor pay persists (Curtin, 1991). About 40% of graduating medical students emigrate, usually to avoid conscription. The continuing violence and political uncertainty within the country probably ensure that few will ever return.

scholarly journals Rethinking Foster Care: Why Our Current Approach to Child Welfare Has Failed

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Vivek Sankaran ◽  
Christopher Church
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Over the past decade, the child welfare system has expanded, with vast public and private resources being spent on the system. Despite this investment, there is scant evidence suggesting a meaningful return on investment. This Article argues that without a change in the values held by the system, increased funding will not address the public health problems of child abuse and neglect.

A dose constraint proposal for members of the public taking into account multi-unit nuclear power plants in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Young Kong ◽  
Hee Geun Kim ◽  
Jong Hyun Ko ◽  
Gamal Akabani ◽  
Goung Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dose Constraint

Curating the Evidence About COVID-19 for Frontline Public Health and Clinical Care: The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110587
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Redd ◽  
Lauren S. Peetluk ◽  
Brooke A. Jarrett ◽  
Colleen Hanrahan ◽  
Sheree Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The public health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing the public health and medical response to the pandemic. However, early in the pandemic, those working in frontline public health and clinical care had insufficient time to parse the rapidly evolving evidence and use it for decision-making. Academics in public health and medicine were well-placed to translate the evidence for use by frontline clinicians and public health practitioners. The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), a group of >60 faculty and trainees across the United States, formed in March 2020 with the goal to quickly triage and review the large volume of preprints and peer-reviewed publications on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and summarize the most important, novel evidence to inform pandemic response. From April 6 through December 31, 2020, NCRC teams screened 54 192 peer-reviewed articles and preprints, of which 527 were selected for review and uploaded to the NCRC website for public consumption. Most articles were peer-reviewed publications (n = 395, 75.0%), published in 102 journals; 25.1% (n = 132) of articles reviewed were preprints. The NCRC is a successful model of how academics translate scientific knowledge for practitioners and help build capacity for this work among students. This approach could be used for health problems beyond COVID-19, but the effort is resource intensive and may not be sustainable in the long term.

Proposed Improvements of the ASME B&PV Code and Future Directions of CIWG

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinquan Yan ◽  
Yinbiao He ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

The ASME B&PV Code, Section III, is being used as the design acceptance criteria in the construction of China’s third generation AP1000 nuclear power plants. This is the first time that the ASME Code was fully accepted in Chinese nuclear power industry. In the past 6 years, a few improvements of the Code were found to be necessary to satisfy the various requirements originated from these new power plant (NPP) constructions. These improvements are originated from a) the stress-strain curves needed in elastic-plastic analysis, b) the environmental fatigue issue, c) the perplexity generated from the examination requirements after hydrostatic test and d) the safe end welding problems. In this paper, the necessities of these proposed improvements on the ASME B&PV code are further explained and discussed case by case. Hopefully, through these efforts, the near future development direction and assignment of the ASME B&PV-III China International Working Group can be set up.

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