Radiophobia - useful concept or ostracising term?

The term ‘radiophobia’ has been a cornerstone in much of the nuclear discourse over the past 70 years and has been used extensively by proponents of nuclear technologies to dismiss fears of radiation as being emotional overreactions to a risk that is actuarially very low, and that this stems from public ignorance. Despite its longevity in nuclear discourse, little attention has been afforded to the term, its history, and the factors that underpin the extreme divergence in risk perception that the term de facto refers to, threatening to severely hamper any efforts to redress said divergence. This article will explore these factors, mostly sociopsychological in nature, and conclude that the powerful affective imagery associated with radiation, compounded by various heuristics and biases, renders public discomfort with ionising radiation from nuclear power plants rational – despite the fact nuclear energy is actuarially the safest energy source available. The article will note that whilst its often ostracising usage towards the public should render the term obsolete, radiophobia can still be regarded as a useful concept to try and explain the extreme risk perception divergence that exists between nuclear experts and the public. This would, however, require a paradigm shift that acknowledges the complex historical and sociopsychological factors that have shaped radiation into becoming a uniquely feared process. Such an acknowledgement will likely be a prerequisite for any efforts towards normalising humanity’s relationship with radiation, and would require considerable changes in communication practices.

Diversity of Fishing Equipment for Fishermen in Gunung Kijang District, Bintan Regency

The increase in fishery production in Gunung Kijang District cannot be separated from fishing activities. The use of fishing gear that has the potential to damage the environment is assumed to be caused by public ignorance about the dangers of these tools. However, information about the diversity of types of fishing gear used by fishermen in Gunung Kijang District is still scarce. The purpose of the preparation of this scientific article is to provide information about the types of fishing gear used by the community in Gunung Kijang District, Bintan Regency. The preparation of this scientific article was carried out in April 2021 in Gunung Kijang District using a descriptive analysis based on a literature review using secondary data as a source of information. The fishing gear used by Gunung Kijang fishermen include mackerel nets, tuna, stingrays, corals, crabs, floating nets, motor boat charts, fish traps, crab traps, oval crab traps, fishing rods, longline fishing rods, spears, fish guns.

Aspek Pidana Pengambilan Paksa Jenazah Pasien Kasus Probable Akibat Terpapar COVID-19

The presence of the COVID-19 virus outbreak in Indonesia has caused many new problems that have occurred and must be resolved. One of them is the crime of forcibly retrieving the bodies of patients in probable CASES of COVID-19 that occurred in several regions. The term patient status is important because it is done as a form of effort for the government to overcome the outbreak. The problem arises because of public ignorance about the rules set by the government. There are 2 problems in this study, namely (1) the crime of forcible retrieval of the body of a patient probable case: and (2) criminal liability for the forced retrieval of the body of a probable case patient. This research uses Normative Law Research method. The approach used is the Statutory Approach and the Cosmic Approach. The results of this study showed that, the act of forcible retrieval of the bodies of patients in probable cases is a form of criminal offence because it is regulated in several laws, namely the Criminal Code and Law No. 4 of 1984 on Infectious Disease Outbreaks and Law No. 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine. Keywords: COVID-19; Government; Probable Case; Criminal.AbstrakHadirnya wabah virus COVID-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan timbulnya banyak permasalahan baru yang terjadi dan harus diselesaikan. Salah satunya tindak pidana pengambilan paksa jenazah pasien kasus probable COVID-19 yang terjadi di beberapa daerah. Peristilahan status pasien menjadi suatu hal yang penting karena dilakukan sebagai bentuk upaya bagi pemerintah untuk menanggulangi wabah. Permasalahan timbul dikarenakan adanya ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai aturan-aturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Ada 2 permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) tindak pidana pengambilan paksa jenazah pasien kasus probable: dan (2) pertanggungjawaban pidana pengambilan paksa jenazah pasien kasus probable. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah Pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan Pendekatan Koseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, perbuatan pengambilan paksa jenazah pasien kasus probable merupakan suatu bentuk tindak pidana karena diatur dalam beberapa undang-undang, yaitu KUHP dan Undang-Undang No 4 Tahun 1984 tentang Wabah Penyakit Menular serta Undang-Undang No 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan.Kata Kunci: COVID-19; Pemerintahan; Kasus Probable; Kriminal.

Immigration Attitudes and White Americans’ Responsiveness to Rising Income Inequality

Despite decades of rising inequality, there has been little observed increase in American public support for redistribution. This is puzzling because majorities of Americans profess to be aware of and opposed to high inequality. I argue that this lack of responsiveness is not due to public ignorance of, nor apathy toward, inequality but rather, in part, to negative feelings toward immigrants, a growing, politically salient, and negatively stereotyped “out-group” that is widely viewed as a target of redistributive spending. To test this, I combine data on state-level income inequality with survey data from the 1992 to 2016 Cumulative ANES. I find that growing inequality can prompt support for redistribution but that this depends, in part, on peoples’ immigration attitudes. Overall, these results suggest that immigration has important implications for economic redistribution in an era of high, and rising inequality.

Analisis Tax Awareness Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Bekasi Barat

The phenomenon in this study is the low awareness of taxpayers in carrying out their obligations to pay taxes due to public ignorance of the concrete form of the benefits of money they pay for taxes and the low level of trust of taxpayers which raises the perception that the taxes they pay must be misused. The purpose of this study was to determine the tax awareness in an effort to increase taxpayer compliance at the West Bekasi Tax Office for the period 2017-2019, the obstacles found in the field, and the efforts made by West Bekasi Tax Office to overcome them. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The research location was the West Bekasi Primary Tax Office. The results of this study indicate that the steps to increase tax awareness among taxpayers registered at the West Bekasi Primary Tax Office during the 2017-2019 period was not successful. This can be seen from the realization of the 2019 tax revenue which did not reach the target (97.05%) even though that year the tax revenue target was lowered from the previous year. Likewise, while taxpayer compliance in paying certain KJS (Deposit Type Code) increased in 2017-2019, tax revenue had still not reached the predetermined target every year

The Case for Modelled Democracy

The fact that most of us are ignorant on politically relevant matters presents a problem for democracy. In light of this, some have suggested that we should impose epistemic constraints on democratic participation, and specifically that the franchise be restricted along competency lines – a suggestion that in turn runs the risk of violating a long-standing condition on political legitimacy to the effect that legitimate political arrangements cannot be open to reasonable objections. The present paper therefore outlines a way to solve the problem of public ignorance without restricting the franchise. The proposal involves filtering the electoral input of a universal franchise through a statistical model that simulates what the public's political preferences would have been, had they been informed on politically relevant matters. The result is modelled democracy. A case is made that such democracy both solves the problem of public ignorance and satisfies the aforementioned condition on legitimacy.

Science as a Political Battlefield

This chapter will examine the role of science and factual knowledge in public policymaking in the digital era. The chapter will address why certain scientific issues trigger political controversy and cultural polarization and what psychological mechanisms fuel political tribalism, ideological group thinking, and the rejection of facts and science in collective political decision-making. Furthermore, the digital revolution and its capability of fueling disinformation and false narratives will also be analyzed. According to the main argument, the rejection of science on particular issues is not due to public ignorance, the lack of education, or scientific illiteracy. The emergence of “post-truth politics” and the erosion of science in collective decision-making is largely caused by rising political partisanship, cultural group thinking, motivated reasoning, and identity-protective cognition.

Public Ignorance and Democratic Technocracy

It is usually thought that the “typical voter’s” well-documented ignorance of public affairs is explained by the low incentive to inform oneself about them, given the high odds against one’s vote making a difference. This theory cannot withstand either logical or empirical scrutiny. A better theory is that citizen-technocrats are unaware that they need much information if they are to make intelligent technocratic decisions, due to a tacit acceptance of a simple-society ontology—according to which social problems are straightforwardly diagnosed and solved by people with good intentions. A politics organized around good intentions, however, is unlikely to recognize unintended consequences, let alone prioritize knowledge of them. The upshot of this chapter, then, in conjunction with Chapter 5, is that we face a Hobson’s choice between rule by well-informed but doctrinaire epistocrats and rule by open-minded but ignorant citizen-technocrats.

The Democratic Consequences of Dueling Facts

Chapter 10 introduces the Consequences section of the book, providing an overview of the democratic consequences of dueling fact perceptions. The clear consequences include greater public ignorance, more entrenched policy gridlock, and the failure of deliberation. Some more controversial consequences include rising perceptions of mental illness, higher barriers to scandal, and divided perceptions of specific events. The authors examine empirical evidence from the 2013 national survey that suggests that perceptions of the Trayvon Martin incident are strongly connected to value priorities. The chapter concludes by introducing the focus in Part III—the social consequences of how citizens perceive and react to others who hold conflicting perceptions of reality.

PELAKSANAAN PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK AIR TANAH KECAMATAN TAMPAN KOTA PEKANBARU

<p><em>The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of ground water taxation in the Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. This research uses interview method and questionnaire. The author conducted an interview to the Head of Regional Revenue Service (Kadispenda) Pekanbaru City. For the questionnaire the author distributed as many as 20 respondents. This research indicates the existence of public ignorance of the enactment of local government regulation (Perda) Pekanbaru City No.112 of 2011 on Ground Water Tax (PAT). PAT collection in particular hotels located in Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru City there are still not paid PAT and also there are businessmen who have not register their business to Dispenda Pekanbaru City. Because they thought it was not necessary to pay for the PAT. PAT collection based on city regulation Pekanbaru number 12 of 2011 on PAT is one way to increase local revenue (PAD).</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p class="Default">Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pungutan pajak air tanah di kecamatan tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunanakan metode wawacara dan kuesioner. Penulis melakukan wawancara kepada Kepala Dinas Pendapatan Daerah (Kadispenda) Kota Pekanbaru. Untuk kuesioner penulis membagikan sebanyak 20 responden. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya ketidaktahuan masyarakat terhadap telah diberlakukannya peraturan pemerintah daerah (Perda) Kota Pekanbaru no.12 tahun 2011 tentang Pajak Air Tanah (PAT). Pemungutan PAT khususnya Hotel yang berada di kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru masih ada yang belum membayarkan PAT dan juga para usahawanada yang belum mendaftarkan usahanya ke DispendaKota Pekanbaru. Karena mereka mengira tidak perlu untuk membayar PAT terebut.Pemungutan PAT berdasarkan peraturan daerah kota pekanbaru nomor 12 tahun 2011 tentang PAT merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD).</p><p><em><br /></em></p>