scholarly journals Country of Origin Labeling: Evaluating the Impacts on U.S. and World Markets

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keithly G. Jones ◽  
Agapi Somwaru ◽  
James B. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The U.S

A provision of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 requires country of origin labeling (COOL) for certain agricultural commodities. To comply with the law, producers, processors, and retailers face additional production costs associated with labeling, separating, and tracking commodities. Using estimated costs provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), we simulate the impacts of mandatory COOL on U.S. and global agricultural markets using a global static general equilibrium model (STAGEM). The results show resource adjustments that lead to decreases in production, consumption, and trade flows. The results assume no demand premium for labeled commodities relative to unlabeled commodities.

scholarly journals Effects of Country of Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry with Imperfectly Competitive Processors

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Derrell S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
The U.S

The study examines the impacts of implementing mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) on producer and consumer welfare in the U.S. meat industry. The equilibrium displacement model developed in this study includes twenty-nine equations representing retail-, processing-, and farm-level equilibrium conditions for the beef, pork, and chicken industries. Unlike previous studies, the model allows trade between domestic- and foreign-origin products and considers the imperfectly competitive market structure of meat processers. Empirical results show that without a significant increase in domestic meat demand, producers are not expected to benefit from the mandatory COOL implementation. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that consumers tend to bear more COOL costs than producers, as the own-price elasticity becomes more inelastic, and that producers’ benefits increase as the elasticity of domestic demand becomes more elastic with respect to the price of imported products. The existence of market power in upstream and downstream markets of processors negatively affects both consumer and producer surplus. One implication of our findings is that U.S. beef and pork producers’ promotion and advertising programs would be successful in expanding domestic demand when the programs make the own-price elasticity of domestic demand more inelastic and the cross-price elasticity of domestic demand more elastic with respect to import price.

scholarly journals Crossing Borders: The Case Of Mexican Tomatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Nita Paden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Product Strategies ◽  
The U.S

The case involves distributors who import Mexican produce into the United States. To-Mex faces several problems. First, U.S. homeland security is at an all time high and is likely to continue growing tighter. The potential for delays at customs is significant. Second, Mexican produce has image issues in the U.S. market. Some American consumers have the perception that Mexican produce may not be safe to eat. Changing those perceptions is critical. The third issue relates to product strategies, including a possible move from predominantly field grown tomatoes to greenhouse operations, possible development of consumer brands for produce, and the potential effects of country of origin labeling on consumer produce preferences.

scholarly journals PRICE REPORTING IN A THIN MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAYODE AJEWOLE ◽  
TED C. SCHROEDER ◽  
JOE PARCELL
Keyword(s):  
Market Information ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Thin Markets ◽  
Thin Market ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Normally Distributed

AbstractThin markets create challenges for reporting market information by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and for users of the information. This study examines distributions of transactions comprising daily price reports in the U.S. hog market. We determine publicly reported daily prices are sensitive to which packing plants buy hogs. Transaction prices comprising USDA Agricultural Marketing Service price reports are not normally distributed; care must be taken in reporting and interpreting transaction prices. Economically important variations in prices occur because of packer-specific indicators. Daily reported prices are used as base prices in marketing agreements, making variation of even greater importance.

The Decline of College Textbook Publishing: Cengage Learning and McGraw-Hill

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-299
Author(s):  
Bob Carbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
College Textbook ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Textbook Publishing ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The U.S

America’s college textbook publishers historically had a business model based on continuing profits and growth led by high prices. However, that model eroded as competition from the used-book market and rental textbooks resulted in falling textbook sales and losses for publishers. Textbook publishers are currently revising their business model so as to move away from printed textbooks to digital (online) educational materials. Also, publishers are downsizing their operations and undergoing mergers with each other to survive in the marketplace. The 2019 merger proposal of McGraw-Hill and Cengage Learning reflects the current problems of college textbook publishing: The merger would be between two financially weak companies that are attempting to reduce overhead and production costs and create additional revenue streams. However, the U.S. Department of Justice’s concerns about the harmful effects on competition led to the companies’ agreement to abandon their plans to merge in May 2020. JEL Classification: A00, K21, L22, L41

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