A COOL Tale: Economic Effects of the U.S. Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling Repeal

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-912
Author(s):  
Amanda M Countryman ◽  
Alessandro Bonanno
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Effects of Country of Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry with Imperfectly Competitive Processors

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Derrell S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
The U.S

The study examines the impacts of implementing mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) on producer and consumer welfare in the U.S. meat industry. The equilibrium displacement model developed in this study includes twenty-nine equations representing retail-, processing-, and farm-level equilibrium conditions for the beef, pork, and chicken industries. Unlike previous studies, the model allows trade between domestic- and foreign-origin products and considers the imperfectly competitive market structure of meat processers. Empirical results show that without a significant increase in domestic meat demand, producers are not expected to benefit from the mandatory COOL implementation. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that consumers tend to bear more COOL costs than producers, as the own-price elasticity becomes more inelastic, and that producers’ benefits increase as the elasticity of domestic demand becomes more elastic with respect to the price of imported products. The existence of market power in upstream and downstream markets of processors negatively affects both consumer and producer surplus. One implication of our findings is that U.S. beef and pork producers’ promotion and advertising programs would be successful in expanding domestic demand when the programs make the own-price elasticity of domestic demand more inelastic and the cross-price elasticity of domestic demand more elastic with respect to import price.

scholarly journals Crossing Borders: The Case Of Mexican Tomatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Nita Paden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Product Strategies ◽  
The U.S

The case involves distributors who import Mexican produce into the United States. To-Mex faces several problems. First, U.S. homeland security is at an all time high and is likely to continue growing tighter. The potential for delays at customs is significant. Second, Mexican produce has image issues in the U.S. market. Some American consumers have the perception that Mexican produce may not be safe to eat. Changing those perceptions is critical. The third issue relates to product strategies, including a possible move from predominantly field grown tomatoes to greenhouse operations, possible development of consumer brands for produce, and the potential effects of country of origin labeling on consumer produce preferences.

scholarly journals Country of Origin Labeling: Evaluating the Impacts on U.S. and World Markets

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keithly G. Jones ◽  
Agapi Somwaru ◽  
James B. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The U.S

A provision of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 requires country of origin labeling (COOL) for certain agricultural commodities. To comply with the law, producers, processors, and retailers face additional production costs associated with labeling, separating, and tracking commodities. Using estimated costs provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), we simulate the impacts of mandatory COOL on U.S. and global agricultural markets using a global static general equilibrium model (STAGEM). The results show resource adjustments that lead to decreases in production, consumption, and trade flows. The results assume no demand premium for labeled commodities relative to unlabeled commodities.

The Future of Global Great Power Competition after the Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Burhanettin Duran
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International System ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Future ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The U.S

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the domestic and foreign policy agendas of all countries have been turned upside down. The pandemic has brought new problems and competition areas to states and to the international system. While the pandemic politically calls to mind the post-World War II era, it can also be compared with the 2008 crisis due to its economic effects such as unemployment and the disruption of global supply chains. A debate immediately began for a new international system; however, it seems that the current international system will be affected, but will not experience a radical change. That is, a new international order is not expected, while disorder is most likely in the post-pandemic period. In an atmosphere of global instability where debates on the U.S.-led international system have been worn for a while, in the post-pandemic period states will invest in self-sufficiency and redefine their strategic areas, especially in health security. The decline of U.S. leadership, the challenging policies of China, the effects of Chinese policies on the U.S.-China relations and the EU’s deepening crisis are going to be the main discussion topics that will determine the future of the international system.

scholarly journals Economic Effects of Means-Tested Transfers in the U.S.

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moffitt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effects ◽  
The U.S

National Culture and Ethical Judgment: A Social Contract Approach to the Contrast of Ethical Decision Making by Accounting Professionals and Students from the U.S. and Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Curtis ◽  
Jeremy M. Vinson ◽  
Teresa L. Conover ◽  
Lorenzo Lucianetti ◽  
Valentina Battista
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Ethical Judgment ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
Business World ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Globalization defines the business world today, yet globalization also leads to many types of misunderstandings regarding ethics, motives, and trust. We apply the theory of social contracts for the purpose of aiding the understanding of moral diversity arising from globalization. Specifically, we seek to better understand how country of origin, and role within country, lead to community “microsocial” norms that inform social contract ethical judgments. A total of 695 managerial accounting professionals and accounting students from Italy and the U.S. completed the survey. Employing a moderated mediation model, we find that country of origin is significantly related to intended behaviors in two business situations, and this relationship is mediated by social contract ethical judgment. Further, the impact of national culture on social contract ethical judgment is moderated by role (professional versus student). Multiple mediation analysis supports our contention that contractual evaluations precede moral equity assessments and that both contractual and moral equity ethical judgments affect ethical intentions.

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