Biosecurity, Diseases, and Invasive Species: Implications of Bioterrorism for Agriculture: Discussion of Elbakidze and McCarl and Pierre, Spreen, and Moss

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
William F. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Important Input

Exotic and invasive species and bioterrorism are of increasing concern for U.S. policy makers. The economic analysis of these issues, especially bioterrorism, is a fast-growing, relatively new area. It is an area where an economist can provide important input into both policy and applied theory. The two papers in this section address invasive species issues.

The Restoration of Welfare Economics

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Welfare Economics ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teaching Of Economics ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
Ethical Criteria

This paper argues that welfare economics should be restored to a prominent place on the agenda of economists, and should occupy a central role in the teaching of economics. Economists should provide justification for the ethical criteria underlying welfare statements, and these criteria require constant re-evaluation in the light of developments in economic analysis and in moral philosophy. Economists need to be more explicit about the relation between welfare criteria and the objectives of governments, policy-makers and individual citizens. Moreover, such a restoration of welfare economics should be accompanied by consideration of the adoption of an ethical code for the economics profession.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis as a Basis for Large-Scale Nitrogen Control Decisions: Reducing Nitrogen Loads to the Gulf of Mexico

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto C. Doering ◽  
Marc Ribaudo ◽  
Fransisco Diaz-Hermelo ◽  
Ralph Heimlich ◽  
Fred Hitzhusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Effective Manner

Economic analysis can be a guide to determining the level of actions taken to reduce nitrogen (N) losses and reduce environmental risk in a cost-effective manner while also allowing consideration of relative costs of controls to various groups. The biophysical science of N control, especially from nonpoint sources such as agriculture, is not certain. Widespread precise data do not exist for a river basin (or often even for a watershed) that couples management practices and other actions to reduce nonpoint N losses with specific delivery from the basin. The causal relationships are clouded by other factors influencing N flows, such as weather, temperature, and soil characteristics. Even when the science is certain, economic analysis has its own sets of uncertainties and simplifying economic assumptions. The economic analysis of the National Hypoxia Assessment provides an example of economic analysis based on less than complete scientific information that can still provide guidance to policy makers about the economic consequences of alternative approaches. One critical value to policy makers comes from bounding the economic magnitude of the consequences of alternative actions. Another value is the identification of impacts outside the sphere of initial concerns. Such analysis can successfully assess relative impacts of different degrees of control of N losses within the basin as well as outside the basin. It can demonstrate the extent to which costs of control of any one action increase with the intensity of application of control.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Supply Response in Pakistan’s Agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

This study represents an attempt at estimating the farmer supply response to different economic and material incentives. Several researchers have estimated the cultivator supply response to different techno-economic factors (Cummings, 1975a and 1975b; Askari and Cummings, 1977; Cooley, 1973; Chen, Courteny and Schmitz, 1972; Ghoshal, 1975; Tweeten, 1986). However, as agriculture modernises, the relative significance of different factors affecting farm inputs and outputs changes; factors regarded as significant determinants of farmer decision at one time may not be relevant at another time. Similarly, the transformation of agriculture in the desirable direction invariably necessitates and at times renders desirable the use of new measures and policy instruments. How farmers react to changes in market forces and government measures is important to know in different ways. In fact, policy makers are interested in knowing the appropriateness, effectiveness and impact of measures for the ultimate formation or legislation of farm regulations.

scholarly journals TOURISM POLICY CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljan Leković ◽  
◽  
Sonja Milutinović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
Tourism Economy ◽  
National Framework

The COVID-19 pandemic devastated tourist turnover and caused a crisis of unprecedented proportions in the tourism economy. The strong impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector requires even stronger response of tourism policy, whose primary task is to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic and, firstly, to propose measures to support the current tourism sector, and then measures aimed at recovering this activity and increasing its flexibility and resistance to future challenges. In this regard, the aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of effective and responsible tourism policy in crisis situations and point out the numerous challenges faced by tourism policy makers when defining measures to support the tourism economy. By applying qualitative economic analysis, it was concluded that there is no single solution, i.e. universal measures and universal packages of assistance to the tourism sector equally applicable and effective for all countries, but that each country, when creating tourism policy, should respect its own specifics and strive to create a package of measures that will generate the best results in the national framework.

Fast-growing and poorly shade-tolerant invasive species may exhibit higher physiological but not morphological plasticity compared with non-invasive species

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Hou ◽  
Shao-Lin Peng ◽  
Zhen-Guang Lin ◽  
Qiao-Qiao Huang ◽  
Guang-Yan Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Human adaptation to invasive species: A conceptual framework based on a case study metasynthesis

AMBIO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1401-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Change Framework

AbstractSpecies invasions are a major driver of ecological change, are very difficult to control or reverse, and will increase with climate change and global trade. Invasion sciences consider how species in invaded environments adapt, but neither scientists nor policy makers consider human adaptation to invasive species and how this affects ecosystems and well-being. To address this, a framework conceptualising autochthonous human adaptation to invasions was developed based on the Human Adaptation to Biodiversity Change framework and a case study metasynthesis. Results show that adaptation occurs within different spheres of human activity and organisation at different social-ecological scales; responses have feedbacks within and across these spheres. Adaptation to invasives and other drivers is a set of highly contextual, complex, non-linear responses that make up pathways pursued over time. Most invasive species management and adaptation occurs ‘from below,’ and policies and planned control efforts should support autochthonous adaptation, rather than undermining it.

An Economic Analysis of AIDS — Towards a Proposed Model of Costing: A Singapore Experience

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
JY Lim ◽  
BW Chew ◽  
KH Phua
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cost Center ◽  
And Control

With the increasing prevalence of HIV infection/AIDS and the extending range of care and treatment, the economic implications of the various prevention and control strategies, and of treatment, have become the subject of interest to policy-makers, public health specialists and health economists. This paper presents an overview of the methods used for the economic analysis of AIDS/HIV infection. It proposes an activity-oriented, cost center-based model for the costing of the economic impact of AIDS, using cost figures in Singapore since 1985, when the National AIDS Control Program was started. Priorities for future research are also identified. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(3):143-50.

scholarly journals Translational invasion ecology: bridging research and practice to address one of the greatest threats to biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Lyn Morelli ◽  
Carrie J. Brown-Lima ◽  
Jenica M. Allen ◽  
Evelyn M. Beaury ◽  
Emily J. Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Invasion Ecology ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Invasive Species Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Translational Ecology

AbstractEffective natural resource management and policy is contingent on information generated by research. Conversely, the applicability of research depends on whether it is responsive to the needs and constraints of resource managers and policy makers. However, many scientific fields including invasion ecology suffer from a disconnect between research and practice. Despite strong socio-political imperatives, evidenced by extensive funding dedicated to addressing invasive species, the pairing of invasion ecology with stakeholder needs to support effective management and policy is lacking. As a potential solution, we propose translational invasion ecology (TIE). As an extension of translational ecology, as a framework to increase collaboration among scientists, practitioners, and policy makers to reduce negative impacts of invasive species. As an extension of translational ecology, TIE is an approach that embodies an intentional and inclusive process in which researchers, stakeholders, and decision makers collaborate to develop and implement ecological research via joint consideration of the ecological, sociological, economic, and/or political contexts in order to improve invasive species management. TIE ideally results in improved outcomes as well as shared benefits between researchers and managers. We delineate the steps of our proposed TIE approach and describe successful examples of ongoing TIE projects from the US and internationally. We suggest practical ways to begin incorporating TIE into research and management practices, including supporting boundary-spanning organizations and activities, expanding networks, sharing translational experiences, and measuring outcomes. We find that there is a need for strengthened boundary spanning, as well as funding and recognition for advancing translational approaches. As climate change and globalization exacerbate invasive species impacts, TIE provides a promising approach to generate actionable ecological research while improving outcomes of invasive species management and policy decisions.

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