scholarly journals Comparison of Single- and Double-Stage Designs in the Prevalence Estimation of Eating Disorders in Community Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angeles Peláez-Fernández ◽  
Francisco Javier Labrador ◽  
Rosa María Raich
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Prevalence Estimation ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Eating Disorders Examination ◽  
Weekly Frequency

The aim of this research was to compare two different case-identification designs: (a) a one-stage anonymous design using the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Beglin, 1994) as diagnostic instrument and (b) a two-stage-non-anonymous design using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) and the EDE-Q as screening instruments and the clinical interview Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993) as diagnostic instrument, in the estimation of eating disorders prevalence in community samples. Both epidemiological designs were compared in: eating disorders prevalence, population at risk, and weekly frequency of associated symptomatology (binge eating episodes, self-vomiting) within a sample of 559 scholars (14 to 18 year-old males and females) studying in the region of Madrid. Eating disorders prevalence estimation using single-stage design was 6.2%, and 3% using the two-stage design; however, these differences were not significant (p = .067). No significant differences between the two procedures were found either in population at risk or in weekly frequency of reported self-vomiting. Reported binge eating episodes were higher in the one-stage design. The use of a two-stage procedure with clinical interview (vs. questionnaire) leads to a better understanding of the items (specially the most ambiguous ones) and thus, to a more accurate prevalence estimation.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC IN PEOPLE WITH OR AT RISK FOR EATING DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Testa ◽  
Sarah Arunachalam ◽  
Annie Heiderscheit ◽  
Hubertus Himmerich
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: The prevalence of the three main eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) is increasing, and a growing number of patients with EDs is seeking professional help. Thus, there is a need for additional treatment strategies in EDs. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on the benefits and risks of music as well as the evidence for its therapeutic application in people with EDs.Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature review on scientific studies on the effect of music in people with or at risk for EDs using PubMed and the Web of Science database. The search terms used were: “music”, “music therapy”, “eating disorders”, “anorexia nervosa”, “bulimia nervosa” and “binge eating disorder”. Results: 16 out of 119 identified and screened articles qualified as scientific studies involving a total of 3,792 participants. They reported on the use of music or music therapy in individuals with or at risk of AN and BN, but not BED. In inpatients with AN, listening to classical music was beneficial to food consumption. Singing in a group reduced post-prandial anxiety in AN inpatients and outpatients. Vodcasts which also included positive visual or autobiographical stimuli helped BN patients with anxiety and body image perception. Songwriting and sessions with a Body Monochord helped with the processing of therapeutically relevant topics in AN. Watching music videos, however, reinforced body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bodyweight concerns, preoccupation with physical appearance in pre-teenage and teenage girls, and drive for muscularity in adolescent boys. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the therapeutic application of music may be beneficial in patients with AN and BN. However, the availability of studies with a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) design is scarce.

scholarly journals Sequential Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Experimental Crosses

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya M Satagopan ◽  
Saunak Sen ◽  
Gary A. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Experimental Crosses

The etiology of complex diseases is heterogeneous. The presence of risk alleles in one or more genetic loci affects the function of a variety of intermediate biological pathways, resulting in the overt expression of disease. Hence, there is an increasing focus on identifying the genetic basis of disease by systematically studying phenotypic traits pertaining to the underlying biological functions. In this paper we focus on identifying genetic loci linked to quantitative phenotypic traits in experimental crosses. Such genetic mapping methods often use a one stage design by genotyping all the markers of interest on the available subjects. A genome scan based on single locus or multi-locus models is used to identify the putative loci. Since the number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is very likely to be small relative to the number of markers genotyped, a one-stage selective genotyping approach is commonly used to reduce the genotyping burden, whereby markers are genotyped solely on individuals with extreme trait values. This approach is powerful in the presence of a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) but may result in substantial loss of information in the presence of multiple QTLs. Here we investigate the efficiency of sequential two stage designs to identify QTLs in experimental populations. Our investigations for backcross and F2 crosses suggest that genotyping all the markers on 60% of the subjects in Stage 1 and genotyping the chromosomes significant at 20% level using additional subjects in Stage 2 and testing using all the subjects provides an efficient approach to identify the QTLs and utilizes only 70% of the genotyping burden relative to a one stage design, regardless of the heritability and genotyping density. Complex traits are a consequence of multiple QTLs conferring main effects as well as epistatic interactions. We propose a two-stage analytic approach where a single-locus genome scan is conducted in Stage 1 to identify promising chromosomes, and interactions are examined using the loci on these chromosomes in Stage 2. We examine settings under which the two-stage analytic approach provides sufficient power to detect the putative QTLs.

Defining Subgroups of Dieting Disorder Patients by Means of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. V. Beumont ◽  
E. Kopec-Schrader ◽  
S. W. Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Eating Disorders Examination

BackgroundIt is important to determine the optimal manner of categorising eating disorder patients so as to aid in the understanding of their specific psychopathological state.MethodWe compared subgroups of eating disorder patients divided according to different sets of factors, using a structured interview which elicits the specific psychopathological features of these illnesses. The patients, comprising 116 consecutive women admitted to two university-affiliated eating disorder clinics, were grouped according to DSM–III–R criteria, clinical presentation (purging, binge eating), nutritional status, and age.ResultThe clearest separation of groups was afforded by the clinical dimension of purging as opposed to not purging. This was superior to DSM–III–R criteria. Other systems, such as presence of binge eating, and various levels of nutritional status and of age, were clearly inferior.ConclusionThe presence or absence of purging behaviour appears to offer the most heuristic means of categorising eating disorder patients with respect to their specific psychopathological state.

Assessing the Clinical Utility of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Burton ◽  
Evelyn Smith ◽  
Maree J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Cutoff Scores ◽  
Eating Disorders Examination ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract. The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a valid and reliable self-report tool measuring positive and negative beliefs about binge eating. This study sought to further investigate the clinical utility of the EBQ using a clinical binge eating sample and a healthy control comparison group. Clinical participants were 74 individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders: 38 with bulimia nervosa and 36 with binge eating disorder. Healthy controls were 114 individuals recruited from the general community. Participants all completed a test battery that included the EBQ. Diagnoses of clinical participants were confirmed using the semi-structured interview, the Eating Disorders Examination, administered by a trained clinician. The EBQ and its subscales showed good internal consistency, and significant differences between the clinical and nonclinical groups were observed for EBQ total and subscales scores, but not between the two clinical groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed optimal cutoff scores for the EBQ, which demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Results from this study provide further evidence in support of the EBQ’s psychometric properties. Clinical cutoff scores can be used to assess severity of binge eating-related cognitions in both research and clinical settings.

Population at risk for eating disorders in a Spanish region

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gandarillas ◽  
C. Febrel ◽  
I. Galán ◽  
C. León ◽  
B. Zorrilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Spanish Region

scholarly journals Cirurgia bariátrica e transtornos alimentares: uma revisão integrativa

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Novelle ◽  
Marle S. Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Disorders Examination ◽  
Binge Eating Scale

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar revisão sobre transtornos alimentares e comportamentos alimentares transtornados relacionados à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Bireme, portal SciELO com descritores indexados com critérios de inclusão: oferecer dado sobre a presença ou frequência de transtorno alimentar e/ou comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais previamente e/ou após a cirurgia. Resultados Foram selecionados 150 estudos (14 nacionais e 136 internacionais): 80,6% eram com avaliação de pacientes pré-/pós-cirúrgicos; 12% eram estudos de caso e 7,3% eram estudos de revisão. Diferentes instrumentos foram usados para avaliação, principalmente o Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns, a Binge Eating Scale e Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire. A compulsão alimentar foi o comportamento mais avaliado, com frequências/prevalências variando de 2% a 94%; no caso do transtorno da compulsão alimentar as frequências/prevalências variaram de 3% a 61%. Houve também a descrição de anorexia e bulimia nervosa, síndrome da alimentação noturna e comportamento beliscador. Alguns estudos apontam melhora dos sintomas no pós-cirúrgico e/ou seguimento enquanto outros apontam surgimento ou piora dos problemas. Conclusão Apesar da variabilidade entre métodos e achados, comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais são muito frequentes em candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e podem ainda surgir ou piorar após a intervenção cirúrgica. Profissionais de saúde devem considerar de maneira mais cuidadosa tais problemas neste público, dadas às consequências para o resultado cirúrgico e qualidade de vida.

scholarly journals Statistical Methods for Dissecting Triploid Endosperm Traits Using Molecular Markers: An Autogamous Model

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 875-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongling Wu ◽  
Chang-Xing Ma ◽  
Maria Gallo-Meagher ◽  
Ramon C Littell ◽  
George Casella
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Marker Information

AbstractThe endosperm, a result of double fertilization in flowering plants, is a triploid tissue whose genetic composition is more complex than diploid tissue. We present a new maximum-likelihood-based statistical method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying endosperm traits in an autogamous plant. Genetic mapping of quantitative endosperm traits is qualitatively different from traits for other plant organs because the endosperm displays complicated trisomic inheritance and represents a younger generation than its mother plant. Our endosperm mapping method is based on two different experimental designs: (1) a one-stage design in which marker information is derived from the maternal genome and (2) a two-stage hierarchical design in which marker information is derived from both the maternal and offspring genomes (embryos). Under the one-stage design, the position and additive effect of a putative QTL can be well estimated, but the estimates of the dominant and epistatic effects are upward biased and imprecise. The two-stage hierarchical design, which extracts more genetic information from the material, typically improves the accuracy and precision of the dominant and epistatic effects for an endosperm trait. We discuss the effects on the estimation of QTL parameters of different sampling strategies under the two-stage hierarchical design. Our method will be broadly useful in mapping endosperm traits for many agriculturally important crop plants and also make it possible to study the genetic significance of double fertilization in the evolution of higher plants.

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