Syntactic Analysis of Hebrew Sentences

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuly Wintner ◽  
Uzzi Ornan
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Formal Grammar ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Structure Tree ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractDue to recent developments in the area of computational formalisms for linguistic representation, the task of designing a parser for a specified natural language is now shifted to the problem of designing its grammar in certain formal ways. This paper describes the results of a project whose aim was to design a formal grammar for modern Hebrew. Such a formal grammar has never been developed before. Since most of the work on grammatical formalisms was done without regarding Hebrew (and other Semitic languages as well), we had to choose a formalism that would best fit the specific needs of the language. This part of the project has been described elsewhere. In this paper we describe the details of the grammar we developed. The grammar deals with simple, subordinate and coordinate sentences as well as interrogative sentences. Some structures were thoroughly dealt with, among which are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, relative clauses, object and adjunct clauses; many types of adjuncts; subcategorization of verbs; coordination; numerals, etc. For each phrase the parser produces a description of the structure tree of the phrase as well as a representation of the syntactic relations in it. Many examples of Hebrew phrases are demonstrated, together with the structure the parser assigns them. In cases where more than one parse is produced, the reasons of the ambiguity are discussed.

The role of prosody in morphological change: The case of Hebrew bound numerals

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Meir
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

AbstractThe morphological system of cardinal numerals in Modern Hebrew is currently undergoing rapid changes, enabling linguists to unravel the forces shaping the change as it takes place. In the free forms, gender marking on numerals is neutralized by collapsing both masculine and feminine forms into one paradigm, the feminine paradigm. In the bound (definite) forms, an opposite direction is attested, in that at least for some numerals, the masculine forms become more prevalent. The study reported here aims to determine whether the factor determining the change is prosodic or functional in nature, by eliciting production and grammaticality judgments of noun phrases containing bound numerals from five different age groups of native speakers. The results suggest that prosody plays a role in shaping the change, as forms with penultimate stress are favored over those with ultimate stress. In addition, processes of production and processes of grammaticality judgments seem to be subject to different kinds of constraints. This state of affairs indicates that the tension between the tendencies toward simplification on the one hand and maximal distinctness on the other occurs at the morphological level as well.

Notes on the shift from accusative constructions to prepositional phrases in Hebrew and Arabic

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Naphtali Kinberg
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Accusative Constructions ◽  
North Western

In an article published in the early sixties, M. Bogaert shows certain groups of verbs which in Biblical Hebrew (as well as in other north-western Semitic languages) may govern verbal suffixes instead of ‘dative’prepositions. This phenomenon is called by him ‘non-accusative verbal suffixes’.In his article ‘'et = ’el “to, towards” in Biblical Hebrew', S. Izre'el argues that the particle 'et sometimes occurs in contexts that elsewhere require the prepositions 'el ‘to, towards’ or 'im ‘with’. He concludes thatwith 'et is a preposition which in Modern Hebrew may be rendered by 'im or 'el, similar to the Hebrew preposition bƏ- which is sometimes translated into English as ‘in’ and at other times as ‘at’, according to the context.

Do you investigate word order in detail or do you investigate in detail word order? On word order and headedness in the recent history of English

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Text Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Modern

AbstractThis paper examines the design of verb phrases and noun phrases, focusing on the diachronic tendencies observed in the data in Middle English, Early Modern, and Late Modern English. The approach is corpus-based and the data, representing different periods and text types, is taken from the

Part-of-speech tagging of Modern Hebrew text

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY BAR-HAIM ◽  
KHALIL SIMA'AN ◽  
YOAD WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Full Generality ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Architectural Decision ◽  
Pos Tagger

AbstractWords in Semitic texts often consist of a concatenation ofword segments, each corresponding to a part-of-speech (POS) category. Semitic words may be ambiguous with regard to their segmentation as well as to the POS tags assigned to each segment. When designing POS taggers for Semitic languages, a major architectural decision concerns the choice of the atomic input tokens (terminal symbols). If the tokenization is at the word level, the output tags must be complex, and represent both the segmentation of the word and the POS tag assigned to each word segment. If the tokenization is at the segment level, the input itself must encode the different alternative segmentations of the words, while the output consists of standard POS tags. Comparing these two alternatives is not trivial, as the choice between them may have global effects on the grammatical model. Moreover, intermediate levels of tokenization between these two extremes are conceivable, and, as we aim to show, beneficial. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of tokenization for POS tagging of Semitic languages has not been addressed before in full generality. In this paper, we study this problem for the purpose of POS tagging of Modern Hebrew texts. After extensive error analysis of the two simple tokenization models, we propose a novel, linguistically motivated, intermediate tokenization model that gives better performance for Hebrew over the two initial architectures. Our study is based on the well-known hidden Markov models (HMMs). We start out from a manually devised morphological analyzer and a very small annotated corpus, and describe how to adapt an HMM-based POS tagger for both tokenization architectures. We present an effective technique for smoothing the lexical probabilities using an untagged corpus, and a novel transformation for casting the segment-level tagger in terms of a standard, word-level HMM implementation. The results obtained using our model are on par with the best published results on Modern Standard Arabic, despite the much smaller annotated corpus available for Modern Hebrew.

scholarly journals Interpreting Bare Nouns: Type-Shifting vs. Silent Heads

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Null Arguments ◽  
Bare Nouns ◽  
Type Shifting

Bare noun phrases in article-less languages such as Japanese have a variety of interpretations. There are two competing approaches to the semantics of bare noun phrases: one is to appeal to type-shifting to derive various interpretations, and the other is to introduce more structure, i.e., silent determiners. I present an argument against the latter silent-head approach based on the behaviors of phonologically null arguments in Japanese. The silent-head approach has difficulties in explaining the semantics of null arguments, whatever syntactic analysis of null arguments turns out to be correct. The type-shifting approach to bare noun phrases, by contrast, easily accounts for the semantics of null arguments.

scholarly journals AGAT-Syntax as component of computer-based Ukrainian grammar

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Nataliia Darchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Dependency Tree ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Syntactic Relations

Abstract: The article describes functional features of the syntactic module of computer-based Ukrainian grammar AGAT. This is a linguistic type of computer-aided syntactic analysis, which provides full information about syntactic units and categories, in particular, predicativity, coordinate and subordinate clauses, the categories of subject and predicate etc. The developed linguistic software provides syntactic analysis of a whole sentence in the form of a dependency tree and indicates the types of syntactic relations and links. The AGAT-syntax task is to identify all varieties of compatibility – predicative, subordinate, and coordinate – of each word in the text. The grammatical characteristics of the phrase directly depend on which part of the language its keyword belongs to. The lexical and grammatical nature of the word determines its compatibility to the other words. Accordingly, phrases can be divided into substantive, adjective, pronouns, numeral, verbal and adverbial. Computer sub-grammars of valencies of the said parts of the language are built by us on a single principle: a lexema is indicated, preposition that participates in government and a case of a substantive word form in the shape of a two-letter code. In theory, according to their composition words combinations (phrases) are divided into simple, complex and combined. Dependency tree is built from two elements – nodes and connections. Nodes are wordforms and connections are relationships between the main element (“master”) and dependent element (“slave”). It enables to describe a configuration, a form, external parameters of a sentence but this is not sufficient to describe a sentence structure. Thus, the syntactic analysis has two levels: the first one attributes to each binary pair a type of syntactic relationships on the level of morphological way of expression of a “master”; the second level attributes to the connection a type of syntactic relationships, which include: subjective, objective, attributive, adverbial, completive and appositive modifying.. In such a way, the cycle of automated syntactic analysis of Ukrainian texts is completed by determining the syntactic word-combination, identifying a type of syntactic link and a type of relationship. It provides full range of characteristics that can be used for systemic study of semantic and syntactic problems. Keywords: automated syntactic analysis, dependency tree, syntactic relations, syntactic links.

scholarly journals WUJUD CAMPUR KODE POSTINGAN AKUN FACEBOOK MEME MANADO BASUDARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matrona Mamudi ◽  
Golda J. Tulung ◽  
Mariam Pandean
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Mixed Code ◽  
English Verb ◽  
English Noun

AbstractThis researchaims to describe mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The object of this research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive analysis and data collection techniques with 2 techniques, namely reading and note taking. Based on the analysis of the research, it was found that the forms of words consisting of nouns (nouns), adjectives (adjectives), verbs (verbs), adverbs (adverbs). The various forms of phrase codes were also found in this research, namely noun phrases, verb phrases and adjective phrases.There are mixing code form of words consisting of mixed forms of noun code (nouns) instead of 7 nouns consisting of 6 Indonesian nouns and 1 English noun. The mixing code form of adjective found 8 adjectives consisting of 6 Indonesian adjectives, 6 Indonesian adjectives and 2 English adjectives. The mixing code form of verbs (11 verbs), 11 verbs consisting of 6 Indonesian verbs, 5 verbs in English. The form of a mixture of adverb code that is 3 Indonesian adverb languages. The results of the research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudaraalso found mixed forms of phrase codes including 1 English noun phrase, 1 English verb phrase and 1 English adjective phrase.Keywords : mixed code, social media, ,meme

scholarly journals Introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Laura J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Information ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject

In spite of this long history, most work to date on the phonology-syntax interface in Bantu languages suffers from limitations, due to the range of expertise required: intonation, phonology, syntax. Quite generally, intonational studies on African languages are extremely rare. Most of the existing data has not been the subject of careful phonetic analysis, whether of the prosody of neutral sentences or of questions or other focus structures. There are important gaps in our knowledge of Bantu syntax which in turn limit our understanding of the phonology-syntax interface. Recent developments in syntactic theory have provided a new way of thinking about the type of syntactic information that phonology can refer to and have raised new questions: Do only syntactic constituent edges condition prosodic phrasing? Do larger domains such as syntactic phases, or even other factors, like argument and adjunct distinctions, play a role? Further, earlier studies looked at a limited range of syntactic constructions. Little research exists on the phonology of focus or of sentences with non-canonical word order in Bantu languages. Both the prosody and the syntax of complex sentences, questions and dislocations are understudied for Bantu languages. Our project aims to remedy these gaps in our knowledge by bringing together a research team with all the necessary expertise. Further, by undertaking the intonational, phonological and syntactic analysis of several languages we can investigate whether there is any correlation among differences in morphosyntactic and prosodic properties that might also explain differences in phrasing and intonation. It will also allow us to investigate whether there are cross-linguistically common prosodic patterns for particular morpho-syntactic structure.  

scholarly journals Sobre la estructura sintáctico-discursiva de las construcciones de reformulación

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Vera Luján
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Syntactic Relations

RESUMEN: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es realizar un análisis sintáctico de las construcciones de reformulación, desde un punto de vista estrictamente funcional. Basándonos en dos conceptos inspirados en la tagmémica, como son los de unidad/relación abstracta vs. unidad/relación concreta, y concibiendo las relaciones sintácticas como equivalentes de las funciones hjelmslevianas, proponemos que las construcciones de reformulación se consideren como construcciones abstractas de tipo coordinado, basando en esta estructura sintáctica la capacidad de sus constituyentes para funcionar discursivamente como elementos reformulados.ABSTRACT: Our work aims to perform a syntactic analysis of reformulation constructions from a strictly functional point of view. Based on two concepts inspired by tagmémics, such as those of abstract unity/function vs. concrete unity/function, and conceiving syntactic relations as equivalents of the Hjelmslevian functions, we propose that reformulation constructions must be considered as abstract coordinated constructions, basing on this syntactic structure its constituents capacity to work discursively as reformulated elements.

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