Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Case Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Krebs ◽  
Cynthia Turner ◽  
Isobel Heyman ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is relatively common in adolescents and can have serious negative consequences. However, the treatment of BDD in young people has received virtually no empirical attention to date, and the evidence-base for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in this population is limited to a small number of single case reports. Aims: This study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes associated with CBT, primarily consisting of exposure and response prevention, in a group of young people with BDD. Method: Six adolescents with a diagnosis of BDD received a course of developmentally appropriate CBT for BDD with parental involvement. BDD and depressive symptoms were evaluated at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3- or 6-month follow-up, using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for BDD (BDD-YBOCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Youth, respectively. Results: Scores on the BDD-YBOCS indicated a 44% improvement in BDD symptoms at post-treatment and a 57% improvement at follow-up for the group. Considering response as a ≥30% reduction in BDD-YBOCS score, four of the six adolescents were classified as treatment responders. Improvements in depressive symptoms were observed among the treatment responders, but not the non-responders. Conclusions: These findings indicate the potential efficacy of CBT, including exposure and response prevention for adolescents with BDD, and highlight the need for further controlled trials.

Internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depressive Symptoms: An Exploratory Examination of Therapist Behaviours and their Relationship to Outcome and Therapeutic Alliance

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke H. Schneider ◽  
Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
Y. Nichole Faller
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Background: A previous study of therapist-assisted Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for generalized anxiety (Paxling et al., 2013) identified eight distinct therapist behaviours in ICBT (task reinforcement, self-efficacy shaping, task prompting, alliance bolstering, psychoeducation, empathetic utterances, deadline flexibility, and self-disclosure). It is unknown how generalizable these behaviours are across ICBT programs. Aims: We systematically examined the frequency of these eight therapist behaviours and additional newly identified behaviours in e-mails sent to patients during the course of ICBT for depressive symptoms. We also conducted exploratory analyses to examine relationships between therapist behaviours, symptom improvement, and therapeutic alliance. Method: Data was obtained from a previously published open trial (Hadjistavropoulos et al., 2014). A total of 1013 e-mails sent from therapists (n = 24) to patients (n = 41) during ICBT for depressive symptoms were analyzed. Therapist behaviours were correlated with symptom change scores and ratings of therapeutic alliance at mid- and post-treatment. Results: Therapist behaviours described by Paxling et al. were reliably identified in the e-mails using qualitative content analysis; the frequencies of these behaviours differed, however, from the Paxling et al. study and three additional therapist behaviours were identified (administrative statements, questionnaire feedback, asking clarifying questions). Several therapist behaviours (e.g. administrative statements, task prompting) were associated with lower symptom improvement at post-treatment. Questionnaire feedback and task reinforcement were associated with higher patient ratings of therapeutic alliance. Conclusions: The study provides partial support for the generalizability of therapist-assistance across ICBT programs. Experimental research is needed to examine the impact of varying therapist-assistance on patient outcomes.

An Evaluation of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy for Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Larcombe ◽  
Peter H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Pre Treatment

SummaryTwenty depressed multiple sclerotic patients were randomly allocated either to cognitive-behaviour therapy or to a waiting list control condition. Assessment of depressive symptoms was conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a four-week follow-up. In comparison to the waiting list control condition, cognitive-behaviour therapy was found to result in clinically and statistically significant improvement on most measures. Although the mechanism by which such treatment achieves its effects is unclear, these results clearly support the use of cognitive-behavioural treatments for depression in this population.

Case Series on Applications of EMDR to OCD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Author(s):  
Name Unavailable
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

This paper is an attempt to draw a parallel between the exposure and response prevention (ERP) procedures in CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy) and the desensitisation procedures in EMDR (eye movement desensitisation processing). This paper also suggests an alternative targeting sequence that follows from the standard EMDR protocol to draw upon the strengths and application of ERP procedures in the treatment of OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder).

scholarly journals GROUPS 4 HEALTH versus Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in young people with depression and loneliness: a randomized, phase 3, non-inferiority trial with 12 month follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Catherine Haslam ◽  
Joanne Rathbone ◽  
Elyse Williams ◽  
S. Alex Haslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Background. Depression treatments are typically less effective for young people than for adults. However, extant treatments rarely target loneliness, which is a key risk factor in the onset, maintenance, and development of depression. Aims. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel loneliness intervention, GROUPS 4 HEALTH (G4H), relative to best-practice treatment Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in reducing loneliness and depression over a 12 month follow-up. Methods. The study was a phase 3, randomised non-inferiority trial comparing G4H to dose-controlled group CBT. Participants were 174 young people aged 15-25 years experiencing loneliness and clinically significant symptoms of depression, who were not in receipt of adjunct treatment. Participants were recruited from mental health services in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Randomisation was conducted using computer software. Follow-up assessments and statistical analyses were blind to allocation. Both interventions consisted of 5 x 75 min group-based psychotherapy sessions. The primary outcomes were depression and loneliness, with a non-inferiority margin of 2.20 for depression. The trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12618000440224) on 27 March 2018 and is closed to new participants. Results. 174 participants were enrolled between 24 April 2018 and 25 May 2019, with 84 in the G4H condition and 90 in the CBT condition. All randomised participants were included in the intention-to-treat analyses (N=174). The pre-post effect sizes for loneliness were d=-1.07G4H and d=-0.89CBT. For depression, they were d=-.71G4H and d=-.91CBT. At 12 month follow-up, the absolute difference between groups in loneliness was -0.679 (95%CI: -.1.43, .07) and in depression was 1.176 (95%CI: -1.94, 4.29). No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions. G4H was non-inferior to CBT for depression and showed a slight advantage over CBT for loneliness that emerged after treatment completion.

Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine Combined with Individual Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy in Binge Eating Disorder: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdo Ricca ◽  
Edoardo Mannucci ◽  
Barbara Mezzani ◽  
Sandra Moretti ◽  
Milena Di Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: results from a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
Erik Andersson ◽  
Gjermund Glimsdal ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Diana Djurfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET). Design: Secondary cost-effectiveness analysis from a randomised controlled trial on BDD-NET versus online supportive psychotherapy. Setting: Academic medical centre. Participants: Self-referred adult patients with a primary diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder and a score of 20 or higher on the modified Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (n = 94). Patients receiving concurrent psychotropic drug treatment were included if the dose had been stable for at least two months and remained unchanged during the trial. Interventions: Participants received either BDD-NET (n = 47) or online supportive psychotherapy (n = 47) for 12 weeks. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were cost-effectiveness and cost-utility from a societal perspective, using remission status from a diagnostic interview and quality-adjusted life years from EQ-5D, respectively. Secondary outcome measures were cost-effectiveness and cost-utility from a health care perspective and the clinics perspective. Results: Compared to supportive psychotherapy, BDD-NET produced one additional remission for an average societal cost of $4132. The cost-utility analysis showed that BDD-NET generated one additional QALY to an average cost of $14319 from a societal perspective. Conclusions: BDD-NET is a cost-effective treatment for body dysmorphic disorder, compared to online supportive psychotherapy. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of BDD-NET should be directly compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy.

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