Cognitive functioning after whiplash injury: A meta-analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY P.C. KESSELS ◽  
ANDRÉ ALEMAN ◽  
WIM I.M. VERHAGEN ◽  
EGIDIUS L.J.M. VAN LUIJTELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Visuomotor Tracking ◽  
Immediate Recall

Complaints on cognitive functioning are often reported in patients suffering from whiplash syndrome, although objective neuropsychological test results do not always support these. In addition, radiological abnormalities and anatomical lesions are found only in a minority of these patients. This has led to a controversy about its existence in the literature. In this systematic review, the results of 22 neuropsychological studies on whiplash were quantitatively analyzed, focusing on working memory, attention, immediate and delayed recall, visuomotor tracking, and cognitive flexibility. Our findings suggest that a consistent overall pattern of cognitive dysfunction can be demonstrated after whiplash injury through neuropsychological testing, both compared to healthy and to asymptomatic controls. Six months after the accident, improvement is found in working memory, attention, immediate recall, and visuomotor tracking. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings on the effect of cerebral dysfunction, malingering, pain-related factors, and the role of coping strategies and posttraumatic stress on neuropsychological test performance. (JINS, 2000, 6, 271–278.)

Third Party Observers and Neuropsychological Test Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Eastvold ◽  
Pamela M. Dean ◽  
Heather Belanger ◽  
Rodney D. Vanderploeg
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Third Party

scholarly journals The Role of Self- and Informant-Reports on Symptoms and Impairments in the Clinical Evaluation of Adult ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4564
Author(s):  
Nana Guo ◽  
Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽  
Janneke Koerts ◽  
Bernhard W. Mueller ◽  
Christian Mette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Comparison

Little is known about which clinical features may aid the differentiation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other clinical conditions. This study seeks to determine the role of self- and informant reports on symptoms and impairments in the clinical evaluation of adult ADHD and explore their association with objective neuropsychological test performance by examining data of 169 outpatients referred for a diagnostic evaluation of adult ADHD. Participants were assigned either to an ADHD group (ADHD, n = 73) or one of two clinical comparison groups, depending on whether they show indications (Clinical Comparison Group, CCG, n = 53) or no indications (Clinical Comparison Group—Not Diagnosed, CCG-ND, n = 43) of psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. All participants and their informants completed a set of questionnaires. Compared to the CCG-ND, the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores on ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, cognitive deficits, and anxiety. Compared to the CCG, the ADHD group scored significantly higher on ADHD symptoms but lower on depression. Further regression analyses revealed that self- and informant reports failed to predict neuropsychological test performance. Self- and informant reported information may be distinct features and do not correspond to results of objective neuropsychological testing.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance of Cognitively Healthy Centenarians: Normative data from the Dutch 100-plus Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Beker ◽  
Sietske A.M. Sikkes ◽  
Marc Hulsman ◽  
Ben Schmand ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe population who reaches the extreme age of 100 years is growing. At this age, dementia incidence is high and cognitive functioning is variable and influenced by sensory impairments. Appropriate cognitive testing requires normative data generated specifically for this group. Currently, these are lacking. We set out to generate norms for neuropsychological tests in cognitively healthy centenarians while taking sensory impairments into account.MethodsWe included 235 centenarians (71.5% female) from the 100-plus Study, who self-reported to be cognitively healthy, which was confirmed by an informant and a trained researcher. Normative data were generated for 15 tests that evaluate global cognition, pre-morbid intelligence, attention, language, memory, executive and visuo-spatial functions by multiple linear regressions and/or percentiles. Centenarians with vision and/or hearing impairments were excluded for tests that required these faculties.ResultsSubjects scored on average 25.6±3.1 (range 17-30, interquartile-range 24-28) points on the MMSE. Vision problems and fatigue often complicated the ability to complete tests, and these problems explained 41% and 22% of the missing test scores respectively, whereas hearing problems (4%) and task incomprehension (6%) only rarely did. Sex and age showed a limited association with test performance, whereas educational level was associated with performance on the majority of the tests.ConclusionsNormative data for the centenarian population is provided, while taking age-related sensory impairments into consideration. Results indicate that, next to vision impairments, fatigue and education level should be taken into account when assessing cognitive functioning in centenarians.

scholarly journals Cognitive functioning and predictors thereof in patients with 1–10 brain metastases selected for stereotactic radiosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wietske C. M. Schimmel ◽  
Karin Gehring ◽  
Patrick E. J. Hanssens ◽  
Margriet M. Sitskoorn
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Purpose Information on predictive factors of cognitive functioning in patients with (multiple) brain metastases (BM) selected for radiosurgery may allow for more individual care and may play a role in predicting cognitive outcome after radiosurgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive performance, and predictors thereof, in patients with 1–10 BM before radiosurgery. Methods Cognition was measured before radiosurgery using a standardized neuropsychological test battery in patients with 1–10 BM (expected survival > 3 months; KPS ≥ 70; no prior BM treatment). Regression formulae were constructed to calculate sociodemographically corrected z scores. Group and individual cognitive functioning was analyzed. Multivariable regression was used to explore potential predictors. Results Patients (N = 92) performed significantly worse than controls (N = 104) on all 11 test variables (medium-large effect sizes for 8 variables). Percentages of impairment were highest for information processing (55.3%), dexterity (43.2%) and cognitive flexibility (28.7%). 62% and 46% of patients had impairments in at least two, or three test variables, respectively. Models including combinations of clinical and psychological variables were predictive of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, information processing and dexterity. Neither number nor volume of metastases predicted patients’ test performance. Conclusions Already before radiosurgery, almost half of the patients suffered from severe cognitive deficits in at least three test variables. At group and individual level, information processing, cognitive flexibility, and dexterity were most affected. These cognitive impairments may impair daily functioning and patients’ ability to make (shared) treatment decisions. Both clinical (symptomatic BM; timing of BM diagnosis) and psychological (mental fatigue) characteristics influenced cognitive performance. Clinical trial information Cognition and Radiation Study A (CAR-Study A; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02953756; Medical Ethics Committee file number: NL53472.028.15/P1515).

NCOG-37. THE UTILITY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SCREENING IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CLINICS FOR PEDIATRIC NEURO-ONCOLOGY POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi160-vi160
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mietchen ◽  
Alanna Kessler-Jones ◽  
Shawn Damodharan ◽  
Diane Puccetti
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Neuropsychological Screening ◽  
T Score ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Screening Clinic ◽  
Multidisciplinary Clinics

Abstract BACKGROUND The purpose of this project was to examine the utility of neuropsychological screening in multidisciplinary clinics for pediatric neuro-oncology populations and determine whether a brief evaluation can adequately screen children for cognitive dysfunction or psychiatric comorbidities. METHODS Children underwent neuropsychological screening as part of their multidisciplinary clinic visit. This screening evaluation consisted of clinical interview, neuropsychological testing, and the completion of emotional/behavioral checklists. Our neuropsychological test battery included the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-Second Edition (KBIT-2) and the NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite (consisting of 6 subtests). RESULTS Over a six-month period 40 children and adolescents with CNS tumors and/or NF1 were seen in our neuropsychology screening clinic. Females made up 37.5% of the sample. The average age was 11.1 years (range=5-25 years). The average time to complete neuropsychological testing was 56.8 minutes. On average, children in this sample met criteria for 1.8 neuropsychological diagnoses with an average of 1.2 new diagnoses that had not been given prior to their neuropsychological screening. The most common new diagnoses were major or mild neurocognitive disorder (mild=27.5%, major=20%), anxiety (27.5%), ADHD (15%), mood disorder (12.5%), and intellectual disability (10%). On average, these children performed lower than expectation on neurocognitive tests, including intellectual functioning (KBIT-2 Verbal IQ=93.1; KBIT-2 Nonverbal IQ=88.7; KBIT-2 Total IQ=90.1), attention (NIH Flanker T-Score=44.1), working memory (NIH Working Memory T-Score=42.9), processing speed (NIH Processing Speed T-Score=39.9), cognitive flexibility (NIH Card Sort T-Score=43.4), memory (NIH Picture Memory T-Score=44.5), and fluid cognition (NIH Fluid Cognition Composite T-Score=38.7). Behavioral health recommendations were needed for 72.5% of this sample. Educational recommendations were needed for 62.5%. CONCLUSIONS Brief neuropsychological screening completed as part of multidisciplinary clinics for pediatric neuro-oncology patients was efficient and useful in identifying neuropsychological diagnoses in children.

scholarly journals Age, education and gender effects on neuropsychological functions in healthy Indian older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikesh Tripathi ◽  
Keshav Kumar ◽  
Srikala Bharath ◽  
P. Marimuthu ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Low Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Educated

ABSTRACT It is essential to use culturally appropriate, sensitive and specific tests that reflect true cognitive performance. However, several factors including age, education and gender can influence neuropsychological test performance. Objective: To examine the effects of age, education and gender on neuropsychological function in older adults using measures of global cognitive screening, attention, working memory, executive functions, memory, construction, language and parietal focal signs. Methods: This is a cross sectional normative study of 180 community-dwelling normal older adults. All participants were screened with the Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE), Everyday Activities Scale for India (EASI), Edinburgh handedness inventory (EDI) and MINI Screen, and followed by a detailed neuropsychological assessment. Results: Stepwise regression analysis revealed that education was associated with better performance on all the neuropsychological tests. Females performed significantly better on measures of memory. Further, most of the illiterate subjects, including low educated participants, refused to cooperate on measures of executive functioning. Conclusion: Education was found to be the strongest determinant of neuropsychological test performance followed by age and gender. Our study demonstrates that Indian healthy normal older adults with low education perform poorly on measures of planning and working memory. Traditional measures of planning and working memory should be avoided or used cautiously in the presence of low education. There is an urgent need to develop tasks for measuring executive functions, especially in low educated Indian older adults.

A-51 The Effect of Acculturation on Neuropsychological Test Performance; a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1092
Author(s):  
Melissa A Baker ◽  
Xinyue Deng ◽  
Antonio N Puente
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objective While neuropsychological testing is often seen as an unbiased form of measuring brain function, recent literature has emerged detailing possible effects of cultural competence on test performance (Fernandez, 2018). This systematic review examined the effects of acculturation on neuropsychological tests across domains and populations in existing literature. We anticipated that “verbal” tests would be more affected by acculturation, and we were unsure if specific patient populations or ethnic groups would be more affected. Data Selection A preliminary search for articles of acculturation and neuropsychological performance was conducted; Search terms included acculturat* (acculturation, acculturate), cultural assimilation* (assimilate, assimilation), neuropsychological test (test performance), and cognitive domains (cognition, intelligence, learning, memory). Over 10,000 studies were screened; the 39 studies included in analysis had quantitative data only, adult populations (18+), an acculturation measure or proxy (place of birth, length of time in the US, and English language use/proficiency), and relational data between neuropsychological test performance and acculturation. Data synthesis A narrative synthesis of included articles was performed prior to data extraction; data extracted from these articles include unadjusted correlation coefficients, partial correlation, regression model outputs, and descriptive statistics. Results are still being compiled but initial findings suggest that generally, increased acculturation leads to better performance. Conclusion Initial results show that increased acculturation to “white America,” leads to better neuropsychological test performances. This effect is more noticeable on verbal tests. Results of this review will be beneficial in understanding how cultural bias may negatively influence the accuracy of neuropsychological test results.

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