The determinants and longitudinal course of post-stroke mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERMINDER S. SACHDEV ◽  
XIAOHUA CHEN ◽  
HENRY BRODATY ◽  
CLAIRE THOMPSON ◽  
ANNETTE ALTENDORF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mild Impairment

AbstractWhile post-stroke dementia has been extensively investigated, the large number of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) following stroke has received less attention, and reports on the longitudinal course of such impairment are inconsistent in their findings. We examined patients with MCI (n = 45) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 59), based on consensus criteria following detailed neuropsychological assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and compared them with healthy control subjects (n = 84), all of whom were assessed at two time points, 3 years apart. The MCI at baseline in this group was judged to be vascular in etiology (vaMCI). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 24.4% of vaMCI and 8.5% of NCI subjects and no control subjects over 3 years, giving a rate of conversion of approximately 8% per year in post-stroke vaMCI. The vaMCI group showed greater decline in logical memory than the NCI group. Within the vaMCI group, those who developed dementia had great decline in language and executive function. Compared with NCI patients, those with vaMCI had more vascular risk factors and more white matter hyperintensities on MRI at baseline, but did not differ in their brain or hippocampal volumes. Neither MRI volumetric measures nor interval cerebrovascular events predicted decline in function. The major determinant of decline and categorical transition was impaired performance at baseline, suggesting that those with mild impairment post-stroke are more vulnerable to subsequent decline. (JINS, 2009, 15, 915–923.)

scholarly journals Association of tau accumulation and atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Shuzhan Zheng ◽  
Zhilong Zhu ◽  
Xiaofeng Yu ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background To examine the patterns of longitudinal tau accumulation and cortical atrophy and their association in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We collected 23 participants (60-89 years old, 11 male/12 female) with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. All participants underwent 18 F flortauirpir (FTP) positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and follow-up visits (12-36 months). General linear models with covariates (baseline age, sex) were used to detect brain areas of significant tau accumulation and atrophy over time. The mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential reason for sequential biomarker changes in MCI progression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, education.Results Voxelwise tau accumulation in MCI patients was predominantly located in inferior temporal, middle temporal, parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus as well as temporo-parietal regions ( P < 0.001), and MRI atrophy included inferior-middle temporal, parietal lobe, cerebellum and precuneus ( P < 0.001). Longitudinal FTP accumulation was moderately associated with MRI cortical atrophy ( r = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.405-0.414, P < 0.01). Regional analyses indicated significant bivariate associations between MRI cortical atrophy and FTP accumulation (baseline FTP cortical uptake and longitudinal FTP change). The result of the mediation analysis showed the relationship between baseline FTP uptake and longitudinal cortical atrophy was partly mediated by the longitudinal FTP cortical change (indirect effect: 0.0107, P = 0.04).Conclusions Our finding provides a preliminary description of the patterns of longitudinal FTP accumulation and cortical atrophy in MCI progression, and MCI patients with high tau binding level show increase risk of longitudinal tau accumulation, atrophy and cognitive decline.

Progress of leukoaraiosis is inhibited by correction of platelet hyper-aggregability

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigekiyo Fujita ◽  
Tetsuro Kawaguchi ◽  
Toshiyuki Uehara ◽  
Kazuhito Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Observation Period

Background: Platelet hyper-aggregability is an important risk factor for leukoaraiosis. In this study we investigated whether aggravation of leukoaraiosis can be controlled by means of long-term correction of platelet hyper-aggregability.Methods:Twenty-one patients with leukoaraiosis and uncorrected platelet hyper-aggregability were compared with 21 controls matched for age, grade of leukoaraiosis and observation period whose platelet hyper-aggregability was corrected. Platelet aggregability was estimated by an optical analytical method with a nine-stage display using two different concentrations each of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen (the double ADP method).Results:The mean observation period between two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for both groups was 4.1 years. In the non-corrected group, moderate to severe aggravation of leukoaraiosis was observed in a large number of patients. In the corrected group, only a small number of patients showed generally mild aggravation of leukoaraiosis. The number of patients showing aggravation of periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) was 7 in 21 in the non-corrected group versus 1 in 21 (p=0.022) in the corrected group, and for aggravation of deep white-matter hyperintensity, these values were 9 in 21 versus 4 in 21, respectively. Thus, the difference was more significant if the degree of aggravation was taken into account.Conclusion:The progress of leukoaraiosis is greatly inhibited by long-term correction of platelet hyper-aggregability.

Theory of Mind in Mild Cognitive Impairment – Relationship with Limbic Structures and Behavioural Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Michaelian ◽  
Loren Mowszowski ◽  
Adam J. Guastella ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Shantel Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Mind

AbstractObjectives:Older adults presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a higher risk of developing dementia and also demonstrate impairments in social cognition. This study sought to establish whether in people with MCI, poorer theory of mind (ToM) was associated with volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as early changes in behaviour.Methods:One hundred and fourteen people with MCI and fifty-two older adult controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), while close informants (e.g., spouse/family member/friend/carer) described any current behavioural changes using the Revised Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). A subsample of participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results:The MCI group showed poorer performance on all neuropsychological tests administered, and moderate reductions on the RMET compared to the control group (d = .44), with greater reduction observed in those with amnestic compared to non-amnestic MCI (p = .03). While a robust correlation was identified between poorer RMET performance and smaller hippocampal volume in the control group (ρ = .53, p = .01), this relationship was not apparent in the MCI group (ρ = .21, p = .11). In the MCI group, poorer RMET performance was associated with poorer everyday skills (ρ = −.26, p = .01) assessed by the CBI-R.Conclusions:Our findings cross-validate previous reports that social cognitive deficits in ToM are a feature of MCI and also suggest that disruptions to broader neural networks are likely to be implicated. Furthermore, ToM deficits in MCI are associated with a decline in everyday skills such as writing or paying bills.

scholarly journals Secondary prevention in cognitive frailty: the Treviso Dementia Registry

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Preclinical Phase ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Dementia Registry

Dementia is one of the most disabling health conditions for older people. Increasing attention is paid to the preclinical phase such as cognitive frailty and mild cognitive impairment, and to the prevention programs designed to reduce the number of patients in the future. The aims of this brief report are therefore: i) to illustrate an action plan currently active in Treviso and that is aimed at secondary prevention in cognitive frailty subjects on the Treviso Dementia (TREDEM) Registry; ii) to highlight the results achieved by the TREDEM Registry up to now and how these can be used in future research.

The contribution of assessing cognitive impairment in radiologically-isolated syndrome (RIS): a single case report follow-up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1912-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D’Anna ◽  
S Lorenzut ◽  
A Perelli ◽  
B Zanchettin ◽  
M Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Incidental Discovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Radiologically-isolated syndrome (RIS) is a recently-defined entity, described as the incidental discovery of lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans demonstrating dissemination in space (DIS) without symptom expression and with a normal neurological examination. Recent studies demonstrate that RIS patients present similar features of cognitive impairment as MS patients. We describe a case of a RIS patient in whom investigating cognitive functions was a useful tool for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Head Motion Parameters in fMRI Differ Between Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Versus Elderly Control Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Haller ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Jonas Richiardi ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Elderly Control

Volumetric MRI Measurements Can Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Aging

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio M. C. Bottino ◽  
Cláudio C. Castro ◽  
Regina L. E. Gomes ◽  
Carlos A. Buchpiguel ◽  
Renato L. Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Volumetric Mri ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been extensively studied in the last decade as a method to help with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, researchers have also started investigating if that technique would be useful to identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), differentiating them from AD patients and from normal elderly controls. This research project was planned to assess the accuracy of volumetric MRI to differentiate those groups of individuals. Method: The investigation involved 39 patients with diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia in AD, according to the criteria of the NINCDS-ADRDA, DSM-III-R, and ICD-10; 21 subjects with complaints of cognitive decline without other psychiatric disorders (MCI); and 20 normal elderly controls. All the subjects were submitted to a standard protocol, including volumetric MRI evaluations. Results: The results indicated that all regions of interest measured (amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus) were significantly different (p < .005) in AD patients compared to MCI subjects and controls. The left volumetric measures (amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus) were also significantly different between the MCI subjects and controls (p < .05). The discriminant function analysis correctly classified 88.14% of the AD patients and controls, 81.67% of AD patients and MCI subjects, and 80.49% of the MCI subjects and controls. Conclusions: The results suggest that measures of medial temporal lobe regions are useful to identify mild to moderate AD patients and MCI subjects, separating them from normal elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Spatial variation of perfusion MRI reflects cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Morgan ◽  
Tracy R. Melzer ◽  
Reece P. Roberts ◽  
Kristina Wiebels ◽  
Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Arterial Transit Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reflects cerebral perfusion, related to metabolism, and arterial transit time (ATT), related to vascular health. Our aim was to investigate the spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of CBF maps as a surrogate for ATT, in volunteers meeting criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Whole-brain pseudo continuous ASL MRI was performed at 3 T in 122 participants (controls = 20, SCD = 44, MCI = 45 and AD = 13) across three sites in New Zealand. From CBF maps that included all grey matter, sCoV progressively increased across each group with increased cognitive deficit. A similar overall trend was found when examining sCoV solely in the temporal lobe. We conclude that sCoV, a simple to compute imaging metric derived from ASL MRI, is sensitive to varying degrees of cognitive changes and supports the view that vascular health contributes to cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Dynamic functional connectivity changes associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 2860-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Fiorenzato ◽  
Antonio P Strafella ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Roberta Schifano ◽  
Luca Weis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Dementia ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Normal Cognition

AbstractDynamic functional connectivity captures temporal variations of functional connectivity during MRI acquisition and it may be a suitable method to detect cognitive changes in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we evaluated 118 patients with Parkinson’s disease matched for age, sex and education with 35 healthy control subjects. Patients with Parkinson’s disease were classified with normal cognition (n = 52), mild cognitive impairment (n = 46), and dementia (n = 20) based on an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. Resting state functional MRI and a sliding-window approach were used to study the dynamic functional connectivity. Dynamic analysis suggested two distinct connectivity ‘States’ across the entire group: a more frequent, segregated brain state characterized by the predominance of within-network connections, State I, and a less frequent, integrated state with strongly connected functional internetwork components, State II. In Parkinson’s disease, State I occurred 13.89% more often than in healthy control subjects, paralleled by a proportional reduction of State II. Parkinson’s disease subgroups analyses showed the segregated state occurred more frequently in Parkinson’s disease dementia than in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition groups. Further, patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia dwelled significantly longer in the segregated State I, and showed a significant lower number of transitions to the strongly interconnected State II compared to the other subgroups. Our study indicates that dementia in Parkinson’s disease is characterized by altered temporal properties in dynamic connectivity. In addition, our results show that increased dwell time in the segregated state and reduced number of transitions between states are associated with presence of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Further studies on dynamic functional connectivity changes could help to better understand the progressive dysfunction of networks between Parkinson’s disease cognitive states.

Increase of EEG Alpha3/Alpha2 Power Ratio Detects Inferior Parietal Lobule Atrophy in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-451
Author(s):  
Davide V. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease

Objective: The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) has been implicate in many higher cognitive processes, as visuo-motor transformations, tool use or tool making. In subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at major risk to develop Alzheimer' Disease (AD) an impairment of subtle visuomotor or praxic abilities is a well-known clinical feature. Enhance of the ratio of EEG alpha3/alpha2 frequency power was detected in subjects with MCI who will transform in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: We explored of the association of alpha3/alpha2 power ratio with cortical size of IPL in patients with MCI. 74 subjects with MCI undergone EEG recording and MRI scans. Alpha3/alpha2 power ratio in addition to cortical size had been computed for each patient. Three MCI groups had been acquired in keeping with growing tertile values of alpha3/alpha2 ratio. Huge difference of cortical thickness among the groups was calculated. Higher alpha3/alpha2 power ratio group had broader cortical loss compared to other teams on the IPL, particularly in the Supramarginal Gyrus, and Precuneus on both hemispheres. Results: Our results unveil the possible part that the IPL could play in determining the classic alterations of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conclusion: Finally, the rise of alpha3/alpha2 power ratio detected a focused anatomo-functional association that could be a reliable marker of incipient AD.

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