scholarly journals Association of tau accumulation and atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Shuzhan Zheng ◽  
Zhilong Zhu ◽  
Xiaofeng Yu ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background To examine the patterns of longitudinal tau accumulation and cortical atrophy and their association in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We collected 23 participants (60-89 years old, 11 male/12 female) with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. All participants underwent 18 F flortauirpir (FTP) positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and follow-up visits (12-36 months). General linear models with covariates (baseline age, sex) were used to detect brain areas of significant tau accumulation and atrophy over time. The mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential reason for sequential biomarker changes in MCI progression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, education.Results Voxelwise tau accumulation in MCI patients was predominantly located in inferior temporal, middle temporal, parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus as well as temporo-parietal regions ( P < 0.001), and MRI atrophy included inferior-middle temporal, parietal lobe, cerebellum and precuneus ( P < 0.001). Longitudinal FTP accumulation was moderately associated with MRI cortical atrophy ( r = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.405-0.414, P < 0.01). Regional analyses indicated significant bivariate associations between MRI cortical atrophy and FTP accumulation (baseline FTP cortical uptake and longitudinal FTP change). The result of the mediation analysis showed the relationship between baseline FTP uptake and longitudinal cortical atrophy was partly mediated by the longitudinal FTP cortical change (indirect effect: 0.0107, P = 0.04).Conclusions Our finding provides a preliminary description of the patterns of longitudinal FTP accumulation and cortical atrophy in MCI progression, and MCI patients with high tau binding level show increase risk of longitudinal tau accumulation, atrophy and cognitive decline.

Convergent Results from Neuropsychology and from Neuroimaging in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Fredrik Eliassen ◽  
Ivar Reinvang ◽  
Per Selnes ◽  
Tormod Fladby ◽  
Erik Hessen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background/Aims: To investigate the correspondence between neuropsychological single measures and variation in fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) glucose metabolism and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Methods: Forty-two elderly controls and 73 MCI subjects underwent FDG PET and MRI scanning. Backward regression analyses with PET and MRI regions were used as dependent variables, while Rey Auditory Verbal Memory Test (RAVLT) recall, Trail Making Test B (TMT B), and a composite test score (RAVLT learning and immediate recall, TMT A, COWAT, and letter-number sequencing) were used as predictor variables. Results: The composite score predicted variation in cortical metabolism; supplementary analyses showed that TMT B was significantly correlated with PET metabolism as well. RAVLT and TMT B were significant predictors of variation in MRI cortical thickness. Conclusion: Our results indicate that RAVLT and TMT B are sensitive to variation in Alzheimer disease neuroimaging markers.

The Associations of Serum Valine with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-lan Xiong ◽  
Joseph Therriault ◽  
Shu-jiang Ren ◽  
Xiao-jun Jing ◽  
Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract The introduction of metabolomics makes it possible to study the characteristic changes of peripheral metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have found that the levels of valine are related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, but its characteristics in MCI and AD need to be further clarified. A total of 786 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 (ADNI-1) cohort were selected to evaluate the relationships between serum valine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain structure (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), cerebral glucose metabolism (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, FDG-PET), and cognitive declines, through different cognitive subgroups. We found that (1) serum valine was decreased in patients with AD compared with cognitive normal (CN) and stable MCI (sMCI), and in progressive MCI (pMCI) compared with CN; (2) serum valine was negatively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in pMCI; (3) serum valine significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD; (4) serum valine was related to the rate of change of cerebral glucose metabolism during the follow-up period in pMCI. We speculated serum valine may be a peripheral biomarker of pMCI and AD, and its level predicts the progression of MCI to AD. Our study may help to reveal the metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory and its relationship to clinical phenotype.

The determinants and longitudinal course of post-stroke mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERMINDER S. SACHDEV ◽  
XIAOHUA CHEN ◽  
HENRY BRODATY ◽  
CLAIRE THOMPSON ◽  
ANNETTE ALTENDORF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mild Impairment

AbstractWhile post-stroke dementia has been extensively investigated, the large number of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) following stroke has received less attention, and reports on the longitudinal course of such impairment are inconsistent in their findings. We examined patients with MCI (n = 45) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 59), based on consensus criteria following detailed neuropsychological assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and compared them with healthy control subjects (n = 84), all of whom were assessed at two time points, 3 years apart. The MCI at baseline in this group was judged to be vascular in etiology (vaMCI). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 24.4% of vaMCI and 8.5% of NCI subjects and no control subjects over 3 years, giving a rate of conversion of approximately 8% per year in post-stroke vaMCI. The vaMCI group showed greater decline in logical memory than the NCI group. Within the vaMCI group, those who developed dementia had great decline in language and executive function. Compared with NCI patients, those with vaMCI had more vascular risk factors and more white matter hyperintensities on MRI at baseline, but did not differ in their brain or hippocampal volumes. Neither MRI volumetric measures nor interval cerebrovascular events predicted decline in function. The major determinant of decline and categorical transition was impaired performance at baseline, suggesting that those with mild impairment post-stroke are more vulnerable to subsequent decline. (JINS, 2009, 15, 915–923.)

P1-352: Cortical atrophy rates in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment from the ADNI study

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S225-S225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Spenger ◽  
Simon Eskildsen ◽  
Niclas Sjogren ◽  
Per Julin ◽  
Eric Westman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Atrophy

The Transition of Mild Cognitive Impairment Over Time: An AV45- and FDG-PET Study of Reversion and Conversion Phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei ◽  
Kamyar Moradi ◽  
Shahriar Faghani ◽  
AmirHussein Abdolalizadeh ◽  
Mohammadreza Khomeijani-Farahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
One Year ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Over Time

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a state between normal cognition and dementia. However, MCI diagnosis does not necessarily guarantee the progression to dementia. Since no previous study investigated brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of MCI-- to-normal reversion, we provided PET imaging of MCI-to-normal reversion using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Methods: We applied comprehensive neuropsychological criteria (NP criteria), consisting of mem- ory, language, and attention/executive function domains, to include patients with a baseline diagno- sis of MCI (n=613). According to the criteria, the year 1 status of the patients was categorized into three groups (reversion: n=105, stable MCI: n=422, conversion: n=86). Demographic, neuropsycho- logical, genetic, CSF, and cognition biomarker variables were compared between the groups. Addi- tionally, after adjustment for confounding variables, the deposition pattern of amyloid-β and cere- bral glucose metabolism were compared between three groups via AV45- and FDG-PET modali- ties, respectively. Results: MCI reversion rate was 17.1% during one year of follow-up. The reversion group had the lowest frequency of APOE ε4+ subjects, the highest CSF level of amyloid-β, and the lowest CSF levels of t-tau and p-tau. Neuropsychological assessments were also suggestive of better cognitive performance in the reversion group. Patients with reversion to normal state had higher glucose metabolism in bilateral angular and left middle/inferior temporal gyri, when compared to those with stable MCI state. Meanwhile, lower amyloid-β deposition at baseline was observed in the fron- tal and parietal regions of the reverted subjects. On the other hand, the conversion group showed lower cerebral glucose metabolism in bilateral angular and bilateral middle/inferior temporal gyri compared to the stable MCI group, whereas the amyloid-β accumulation was similar between the groups. Conclusions: This longitudinal study provides novel insight regarding the application of PET imag- ing in predicting MCI transition over time.

Theory of Mind in Mild Cognitive Impairment – Relationship with Limbic Structures and Behavioural Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Michaelian ◽  
Loren Mowszowski ◽  
Adam J. Guastella ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Shantel Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Mind

AbstractObjectives:Older adults presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a higher risk of developing dementia and also demonstrate impairments in social cognition. This study sought to establish whether in people with MCI, poorer theory of mind (ToM) was associated with volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as early changes in behaviour.Methods:One hundred and fourteen people with MCI and fifty-two older adult controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), while close informants (e.g., spouse/family member/friend/carer) described any current behavioural changes using the Revised Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). A subsample of participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results:The MCI group showed poorer performance on all neuropsychological tests administered, and moderate reductions on the RMET compared to the control group (d = .44), with greater reduction observed in those with amnestic compared to non-amnestic MCI (p = .03). While a robust correlation was identified between poorer RMET performance and smaller hippocampal volume in the control group (ρ = .53, p = .01), this relationship was not apparent in the MCI group (ρ = .21, p = .11). In the MCI group, poorer RMET performance was associated with poorer everyday skills (ρ = −.26, p = .01) assessed by the CBI-R.Conclusions:Our findings cross-validate previous reports that social cognitive deficits in ToM are a feature of MCI and also suggest that disruptions to broader neural networks are likely to be implicated. Furthermore, ToM deficits in MCI are associated with a decline in everyday skills such as writing or paying bills.

scholarly journals Cortical Microstructural Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2948-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M Vogt ◽  
Jack F Hunt ◽  
Nagesh Adluru ◽  
Douglas C Dean ◽  
Sterling C Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurodegenerative processes are ongoing for years prior to the time that cortical atrophy can be reliably detected using conventional neuroimaging techniques. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have provided new techniques to study neural microstructure, which may provide additional information regarding neurodegeneration. In this study, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multi-compartment diffusion model, in order to investigate cortical microstructure along the clinical continuum of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. Using gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS), we demonstrated that neurite density index (NDI) was significantly lower throughout temporal and parietal cortical regions in MCI, while both NDI and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were lower throughout parietal, temporal, and frontal regions in AD dementia. In follow-up ROI analyses comparing microstructure and cortical thickness (derived from T1-weighted MRI) within the same brain regions, differences in NODDI metrics remained, even after controlling for cortical thickness. Moreover, for participants with MCI, gray matter NDI—but not cortical thickness—was lower in temporal, parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. Taken together, our results highlight the utility of NODDI metrics in detecting cortical microstructural degeneration that occurs prior to measurable macrostructural changes and overt clinical dementia.

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