Visual versus Verbal Working Memory in Statistically Determined Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: On behalf of the Consortium for Clinical and Epidemiological Neuropsychological Data Analysis (CENDA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheina Emrani ◽  
Victor Wasserman ◽  
Emily Matusz ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Melissa Lamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale

AbstractObjective:Previous research in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggests that visual episodic memory impairment may emerge before analogous verbal episodic memory impairment. The current study examined working memory (WM) test performance in MCI to assess whether patients present with greater visual versus verbal WM impairment. WM performance was also assessed in relation to hippocampal occupancy (HO), a ratio of hippocampal volume to ventricular dilation adjusted for demographic variables and intracranial volume.Methods:Jak et al. (2009) (The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 368–375) and Edmonds, Delano-Wood, Galasko, Salmon, & Bondi (2015) (Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 47(1), 231–242) criteria classify patients into four groups: little to no cognitive impairment (non-MCI); subtle cognitive impairment (SCI); amnestic MCI (aMCI); and a combined mixed/dysexecutive MCI (mixed/dys MCI). WM was assessed using co-normed Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) Digit Span Backwards and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) Symbol Span Z-scores.Results:Between-group analyses found worse WMS-IV Symbol Span and WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards performance for mixed/dys MCI compared to non-MCI patients. Within-group analyses found no differences for non-MCI patients; however, all other groups scored lower on WMS-IV Symbol Span than WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards. Regression analysis with HO as the dependent variable was statistically significant for WMS-IV Symbol Span performance. WAIS-IV Digit Span Backwards performance failed to reach statistical significance.Conclusions:Worse WMS-IV Symbol Span performance was observed in patient groups with measurable neuropsychological impairment and better WMS-IV Symbol Span performance was associated with higher HO ratios. These results suggest that visual WM may be particularly sensitive to emergent illness compared to analogous verbal WM tests.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the WAIS-III Thai Version in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To investigate the generalizability of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) factors structure in a sample of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients older than 60 years receiving treatments at the Memory Clinic in Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2015 and July 2018 was conducted. The WAIS-III Thai version was used to measure the performance. All subtests except the Vocabulary and Object Assembly subtests were included for analyses. These 12 subtests were subjected to a principal axis factor analysis with oblique rotation and four factors were specified to be retained. Results: Out of 145 patients, 51% were female and 49%were male. The Full-Scale IQ ranged from 80 to 123 with the mean of 93.88 (SD 9.12). The mean of each subtest ranged from 7.82 (Similarities) to 10.45 (Digit Span), with the standard deviations ranging from 1.80 to 2.86. Based on the order of extraction and minimum loading criterion, results supported a four-factor solution composed of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Working Memory, and Processing Speed. The coefficients of congruence across groups on the four factors ranged from 0.92 for Perceptual Organization to 0.73 for Processing Speed. However, the Picture Completion subtest was found to have similar loadings between Perceptual Organization and Processing Speed, with the primary loading being on Perceptual Organization and secondary loading on Processing Speed. On the Working Memory factor, the MCI group showed areas of relatively greater divergence for Picture Arrangement, Block Design, and Digit Symbol: Coding subtests. Conclusion: Four factors from WAIS-III could be applied to patients with MCI. The decline of cognitive functions, particular in working memory, might be the explanation for the difference in loading factor among some subtests. Therefore, it might be possible to apply other models with other factors to the same patient group in the future. Keywords: Mild cognitive impairments; Exploratory factor analysis; WAIS-III

scholarly journals Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Murphy ◽  
Travis E. Hodges ◽  
Paul A.S. Sheppard ◽  
Angela K. Troyer ◽  
Elizabeth Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex.MethodSalivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and during two test sessions, one session with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in age-normal cognition (NA) and aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=6 women, 9 men; mean age=75) or similarly aged NA (n=9 women, 7 men, mean age=75) were given tests of episodic, associative, and spatial working memory with a psychosocial stressor (TSST) in the second session.ResultsThe aMCI group performed worse on the memory tests than NA as expected, and males with aMCI had elevated cortisol levels on test days. Immediate episodic memory was enhanced by social stress in NA but not in the aMCI group, indicating that stress-induced alterations in memory are different in individuals with aMCI. High cortisol was associated with impaired performance on episodic memory in aMCI males only. Cortisol in Session 1 moderated the relationship with spatial working memory, whereby higher cortisol was associated with worse performance in NA, but better spatial working memory in aMCI. In addition, effects of aMCI on perceived anxiety in response to stress exposure were moderated by stress-induced cortisol in a sex-specific manner.ConclusionsWe show effects of aMCI on Test Session cortisol levels and effects on perceived anxiety, and stress-induced impairments in memory in males with aMCI in our exploratory sample. Future studies should explore sex as a biological variable as our findings suggests that effects at the confluence of aMCI and stress can be obfuscated without sex as a consideration.

Working memory binding and episodic memory formation in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie van Geldorp ◽  
Sophie M. Heringa ◽  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Alzheimer’S Dementia ◽  
Alzheimer's Dementia ◽  
Memory Binding

IC-P-095: Increased resting state functional connectivity associated with episodic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_2) ◽  
pp. P66-P66
Author(s):  
Yifei Zhang ◽  
Miguel Ángel Araque Caballero ◽  
Benno Gesierich ◽  
Alexander N.W. Taylor ◽  
Lee Simon-Vermot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

Preliminary Validation of the Global Neuropsychological Assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Volunteers

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199122
Author(s):  
Lauren T. Olson ◽  
Alan Smerbeck ◽  
Christina M. Figueroa ◽  
Jeremy M. Raines ◽  
Kinga Szigeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale

Methods We administered the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), an abbreviated cognitive battery, to 105 adults aged 73.0 ± 7.1 years, including 28 with probable Alzheimer’s disease, 9 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 68 healthy controls. We examined group differences in baseline performance, test–retest reliability, and correlations with other conventional tests. Results Healthy adults outperformed patients on all five GNA subtests. Test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for all GNA subtests. Among patients with healthy controls, GNA Story Memory correlated best with Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS-R) Logical Memory for learning and delayed recall, GNA Digit Span correlated most highly with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS-III) Digit Span, GNA Perceptual Comparison correlated most highly with the Trail Making Test, and GNA Animal Naming correlated most highly with Supermarket Item Naming. Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that the GNA shows good test–retest validity, clear convergent and discriminant construct validity, and excellent diagnostic criterion validity for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in an American sample.

scholarly journals A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal ElKholy ◽  
Heba Mohamed Tawfik ◽  
Somaia Ebeid ◽  
Omaima Refat Elsayed Madkor ◽  
Sarah Ahmed Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Low Educated

Abstract Background The high illiteracy rates in the North African and Middle Eastern region make direct cognitive testing challenging. Validated instruments for dementia in Arabic language are lacking specially those targeting low-educated subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a cognitive evaluation battery suitable for both educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting: Ain-Shams University geriatric and ophthalmology wards, geriatrics outpatient clinic, and geriatric clubs. Participants: 159 male and female participants aged ≥ 60 years were recruited. Measurements Cut-off points were determined according to DSM-IV criteria for dementia and MMSE scores which divided the participants into 3 quadrants as normal, having mild cognitive impairment and having dementia then application of the new battery test was done. Results Test re-test reliability ranged from adequate to high in most of its tests with r ≥ 0.7. There was a statistical significance between all battery tests when divided into normal and dementia according to DSM IV criteria except in digit span forward length, digit span backward length, stimulus cue of confrontation naming and judgment. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each battery subset, for the whole sample, for low-educated group and group with > 9 years education according to three quadrants of MMSE. Conclusion A new valid and reliable neurocognitive evaluation battery that can differentiate between normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia in both educated and illiterate subjects under the name of Ain Shams Cognitive Assessment (ASCA) scale is now available.

scholarly journals IC-P-057: The functional anatomy of verbal episodic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. S676-S677
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Dannhauser ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
Marc L. Seal ◽  
Tim Stevens ◽  
Lean Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory
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