Incorporating zero and missing responses into CVM with open-ended bidding: willingness to pay for blue skies in Beijing

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHUA YU ◽  
DAVID ABLER
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Missing Responses ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Data Estimation

ABSTRACTBased on decision theory, this paper suggests a four-hurdle model to deal with zero and missing responses in the contingent valuation method with open-ended bidding, which is used to analyze the willingness to pay for blue skies in Beijing where air pollution is known to be very serious. The mean and the median of the predicted willingness to pay for blue skies per household are, respectively, 120.15 and 128.60 yuan, less than 0.2% of the per capita annual disposal income in Beijing. This is very low compared to results from studies of other countries. The empirical results also indicate that the four-hurdle model is superior to the Tobit model and raw data estimation.

Estimating the value of the reduction in air pollution during the Beijing Olympics

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Du ◽  
Robert O. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Beijing Olympics ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractThis study estimates the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of Beijing residents in order to maintain the improved air quality experienced during the Olympic Games. A double-bounded contingent valuation method is applied to a survey of 566 Beijing residents. The results indicate that the mean annual WTP per household is between CNY 22,000 and 24,000, and the median WTP is around CNY 1,700. The WTP for this actually experienced improvement is significantly higher than the results from previous hypothetical WTP surveys in China.

scholarly journals Household’s Willingness to Pay for the Expansion of Mataasna Bayan and Sinisian East Marine Protected Area in Lemery, Batangas, Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Buncag, Mark Joseph J. ◽  
Capunitan, Mary Joy D. ◽  
De Guzman, Angela M. ◽  
Ilagan, Ma. Patricia B. ◽  
Magpantay, Angelica T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

The study was conducted primarily to 1) identify the socio-economic and the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) factors that affect the WTP of the households; 2) determine the socio-economic factors affecting the KAP of households; and 3) determine the mean willingness to pay (WTP) of households of four barangays of Lemery, Batangas: Mataasna Bayan and Sinisian East as on-site barangays and Balanga and Sinisian West as off-site barangays of the Marine Protected Area (MPA). A total of 316 respondents were surveyed following the contingent valuation method (CVM). Results showed that the mean WTP of the respondents amounts to PhP 46.47 per month. Among factors influencing their WTP are KAP variables such as knowledge on MPA, knowledge on MPA as fish habitat, perception on the need of MPA protection led by the Barangay, perception if there is anything to be changed in MPA management, and socio-economic variables like gender, income-expenses ratio and distance from the MPA. Using the mean WTP, the computed social benefit derived by the on-site and off-site MPA communities from coral reef conservation-based from their WTP amounted to PhP 999,215.734 per year.

scholarly journals Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Cassava Flour Inclusion in Bread, a Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Erih E. A. ◽  
Oni O. A. ◽  
Fashogbon A. E.
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p>The study was conducted to address the issue of consumers’ willingness to pay for inclusion of cassava flour in bread in Lagos State. The data were collected randomly from a sample of 300 respondents in the state through the use of a well structured questionnaire. The contingent valuation method was adopted to estimate both the mean willingness to pay of consumers and the factors that affect their willingness to pay and these were analyzed using the bivariate probit model. The most significant model was the 10percent cassava flour inclusion as it has the highest number of significant variables (eight) followed by 20percent cassava flour inclusion with seven significant variables and 30 and 40percent cassava flour inclusion with six significant variables each. The factors that influenced consumers’ willingness to pay for CCW bread were the respondent’s age, gender, respondents’ awareness, married respondents, respondents with head position<em>,</em>and bread share which is the<em> </em>proportion of respondents income spent on bread to total income. The mean willingness to pay for bread with an inclusion of cassava flour at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?172.70, ?165.00, ?154.07, and ?142.78 respectively for initial bid while the mean willingness-to-pay at 10, 20, 30, and 40percent cassava flour inclusion were ?180.20, ?150.41, ?143.35, and ?127.36 respectively for subsequent bid. Arising from the result of this study, birth control policies were recommended among respondents in the study area.</p>

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Teledermoscopy Services at a University Health Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Raghu ◽  
James Yiannias ◽  
Nita Sharma ◽  
Allan L Markus
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
College Health ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Mean

Background: The study objective was to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for teledermoscopy services among students at a university health center. The hypothesis was that WTP for teledermoscopy among students would exceed the costs for traditional consultation. Methods: Between November 2013 and May 2014, students at a university health center were surveyed for their perceptions of teledermoscopy. One set of responses was collected from students visiting the health center for any reason (anonymous sample). An additional set of responses was collected from students visiting for dermatologic lesions (in-person sample). A contingent valuation method with a maximum likelihood estimation procedure was used to estimate the WTP distribution. Results: A total of 214 surveys were collected for the anonymous sample and 41 responses for the in-person sample. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) WTP for the anonymous sample was $55.27 ($39.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: $49.99-$60.55). The mean (SD) WTP for the in-person sample was $52.37 ($26.56; 95% CI: $43.99-$60.75). Median WTP for the 2 samples was similar: $48.84 and $48.01. Conclusions: We conclude that students would be willing to pay for teledermoscopy services that would provide the potential for significant system cost savings. This may be especially true in college health or similar settings where dermatology services may not be available.

Contingent Valuation Method Assessment of the Ecological Benefits of Populus Euphratica Forest Based on Consumer Perspective - Taking the Typical Area in Tarim River Basin as an Example

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Zhi Xu ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Wu Xu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Tarim River Basin ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Per Capita

Populus euphratica Olive. as the skeleton of the desert riparian forest is a green barrier for protection oasis of the southern areas of Xinjiang. Degradation of P. euphratica forest is the concentrated expression of ecological vulnerability in the desert areas. In order to understand the residents cognition degree to the ecological value of P. euphratica forest and willingness to pay (WTP) for P. euphratica forest protection along the Tarim River Basin, The questionnaires and interview methods were used , the largest payment were estimated with contingent valuation method (CVM) and the main affecting factors were explored.The main conclusions showed that the residents income, education and cognition degree to the P. euphratica forest were significant impact on the maximum payment value; Different ecological environment, economic and social conditions along the Trim River Basin had a critical influence to payment options and the size of payment willingness for the residents; The maximum willingness to pay per capita of 53 groups, 13 groups, 34 groups amounted to 220.89 yuan / year, 499.08 yuan / year, 653.20 yuan / year, the per capita amount paid in descending order was 34 group > 13 group> 53 group.

scholarly journals Society’s Willingness to Pay for Certified Dry Firewood Energy in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidy Y. García ◽  
Arcadio A. Cerda ◽  
Rocio del P. Lagos ◽  
Patricio I. Muñoz ◽  
Monserrat Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Non Market Valuation

Introduction: Air pollution is present in most cities in Chile due to smoke produced from firewood, as happened in many developing countries, generating various health problems among the population. This situation is especially prevalent in all cities in central and southern Chile. To mitigate it, the government implemented several measures, among which are the promotion of the use of certified dry firewood and hourly restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves for heating according to the peak emissions of particulate matter.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the willingness to pay for certified dry firewood as a means of reducing environmental restrictions on the use of wood-burning stoves to heat households.Materials and methods: The study used a non-market valuation, specifically contingent valuation, method using a double-bounded dichotomous choice format with the estimation of biprobit econometric models.Results: The results showed that the average individual was willing to pay 12 USD, and extrapolating that to the local population’s willingness to pay yielded an economic value of 3,415,140 USD, which to a certain extent represents the valuation of air pollution damage.Conclusion: Our results showed that people positively valued the use of dry firewood as a payment vehicle to improve air quality and thereby reduce restrictions on the use of certified dry firewood for heating. Therefore, complementary environmental policy measures should be continued to address the problem of air pollution in both the short and long term.

scholarly journals Assessment of the willingness of households to pay for clean water use in Cang Long district, Tra Vinh province

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Dung C. Le
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to estimate the willingness of households to pay for domestic clean water use against its price in rural areas of Cang Long district, Tra Vinh province. This research also identified the possibility and factors affecting the willingness to pay for a given price of 6,500 VND or above per m3 of clean water. A contingent valuation method with multiple prices (bidding game) ranging from VND 5,000 to VND 9,000 per m3 of clean water was applied to interview 120 households in Cang Long district. Results showed that the mean willingness to pay was VND 6,200 for each m3 of clean water used. The income positively affected the willingness to pay against the price of 6,500 VND or above whereas the household size had a negative impact on this parameter. It is suggested that the service provider should consider to extent the minimum volume of water used up to 10 m3/month instead of 4 m3/month in accordance with the minimum price of 5,700 VND per m3 of water used.

Assessment of the Value of Air Quality Improvement in Tehran

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750018
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hadian ◽  
Mahya Razimoghadam ◽  
Ali Abutorabi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Mean

Air pollution in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has led to poor air quality, with consequences for the health of residents. This study uses a contingent valuation method to estimate the willingness to pay of Tehran’s residents for air quality improvement. Open-ended and stochastic payment card approaches were used to determine the willingness to pay of the sample. The mean individual willingness to pay for a specified air quality improvement was approximately US $6.40 per month, and the variance of the willingness to pay was approximately U.S. $4, as estimated using the SPC approach. Open-ended questions revealed that the mean individual willingness to pay was approximately U.S. $4 per month. Significant positive effects of income, use of public transportation, marriage, job and health status on the mean willingness to pay were observed. Although most respondents believed that air quality improvement is the government’s responsibility, they are willing to bear the cost as a supplement to achieve better air quality.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Forest Existence Value and Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dastan Bamwesigye ◽  
Petra Hlavackova ◽  
Andrea Sujova ◽  
Jitka Fialova ◽  
Petr Kupec
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Existence Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Existence Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Household Incomes

Uganda is richly endowed with flora and fauna. Until the early 2000s, most of the types of vegetation have remained natural/virgin forests and shrubs until recent years, when human activities have damaged them. Understanding the different ways that people value such endangered forest resources is very important. The main hypothesis in our study is that willingness to pay (WTP) for forest existence value and sustainability depends on the preference for the same values. In addition, we examined socioeconomic characteristics, such as sex, education, and household incomes, which could influence the WTP for forest existence value and sustainability. We carried out field questionnaire interviews with the aim of ascertaining Willingness to Pay (WTP) for forest existence. The WTP values were in a range between 1 and 200 USD based on the contingent valuation method (CVM). A sample with a size of 203 was interviewed in selected towns and villages in Uganda, and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. The cross-tabulation of the expressed preferences illustrates that 81.9% of the representative sample are willing to pay for forest existence value and sustainability. We concluded that the willingness to pay for forest existence significantly depends on the preference for forest existence values and sustainability. Our results equally express that the mean WTP in this region is 15 USD per year and that over 60% are willing to pay this amount. The socioeconomic determinants’ results demonstrate heterogeneity and that over 90% of the respondents are willing to pay for forest existence, conservation, and sustainability.

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