Estimation Of The Value Of Goods And Services Produced By Protected Areas: Case Of The Ndock Sare Community Forest In Senegal

The community forests of Senegal, and particularly those of the Groundnut Basin, play an important role in the lives of rural populations. They are significant sources of supply of various products and services. But despite their economic and ecological importance, community forests have never been the subject of an economic evaluation. This is likely to obscure the decision-making auspices of sustainable management of community forests. This study, based on vegetation surveys and socio-economic surveys, assessed the value of ecosystem goods and services. The results of the analysis showed that the forest has 21 species distributed among 08 families and that this diversity varies from one area to another. With this specific diversity, the basal area is evaluated at 2.64 m2/ha and the cover of 6081.17 m²/ha for a density of 327 individuals per hectare. The forest has a carbon storage capacity evaluated at 15.32 tons. The goods and services of the forest were estimated at 3,391,757 F CFA/year. This value is divided between direct uses estimated at 1,236,575 F CFA/year, indirect uses of 168,495 F CFA/year and an existence value of 1,986,687 F CFA/year. The study also showed that the exploitation of the forest is the most viable management option, as strict conservation imposes a social cost of 370,058 CFA francs per year on the population. In the context of decentralization, these results can serve as a basis for policy dialogue and decision-making processes on the sustainable management of forest resources

A methodological framework for mapping and assessment of ecosystem services provided by the natural heritage in Bulgaria

Natural heritage (NH) includes natural features that can be described as outstanding universal value at a national level. It refers to the importance of ecosystems, biodiversity, and geodiversity for their existence value, and the ecosystems can be considered as the spatial units for its mapping and assessment. The ecosystem services (ES) concept provides an appropriate basis in the form of assessment and mapping methods that enable linking the state of ecosystems with human well-being. Thus, it can be used as a platform to find solutions to the problems related to the conflicts between conservation and the use of the NH. In this paper, we aim to present the process of developing a methodological framework for mapping and assessment of ecosystem services provided by the natural heritage in Bulgaria for recreation and tourism. The conceptual framework of the ecosystem-based assessment of NH in Bulgaria is based on the assumption that the generation of NH for the needs of tourism can be presented as the linkages between the natural systems and tourism in the form of ES potential, flow, and demand. The results demonstrate that the NH can be presented as a spatial phenomenon conceptualized by the flows of benefits from ecosystems to people which contribute to human well-being. The mapping and assessment procedures are fully developed for application at a national level, while for the regional and local level, few pilot studies mark some basic foundations for further development.

Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for The Existence Value of A Coastal Ecosystem on Rupat Island, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia

This current work was conducted on July 2021 in Rupat Island, Regency of Bengkalis, Province of Riau. The study aimed to estimate visitor’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) and analyze factors contributing to the funding in attempt to develop ecoutourism of Rupat Island. Outcome of this work can be beneficial to tourism management in relation to improvement of service and facilities that support tourist activities. Primary and secondary data were collected using interview and field observation. Population of the study included travelers in ecotourism of Rupat Island, while those accepting interview were regarded as sample or respondents. In this regard, number of respondents reached 30 persons. Data were collected through Contingent Valuation Method approach and then analyzed using logistic regression. As the results, average value of visitor’s WTP was Rp15.429, with the lowest and highest of IDR3.000 and IDR30.000, respectively. For a month, total visitor’s WTP could reach IDR231.428.571. Furthermore, analysis on factors contributing to WTP significantly revealed that visitor’s income showed positive correlation with WTP, while travel cost and distance showed contrast result. Other factors, i.e. age, education and sex, showed no effects on decision of WTP in development of Rupat Island as ecotourism in Bengkalis.

Value-conflicts in the conservation of a native species: a case study based on the endangered white-clawed crayfish in Europe

The future of the native European crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes depends on accurate conservation management. The goal of this paper is to attempt an investigation of the major ethical conflicts that can emerge in the conservation of this endangered crayfish threatened by invasive competitors, introduced diseases, and landscape alteration. To assess this issue, we will employ the Ethical Matrix, in a version explicitly tailored for its use in conservation. The filled Ethical Matrix will highlight several potential conflicts between values such as environmental protection, social and economic interests, animal welfare, cultural and aesthetic value, etc. We will discuss these conflicts, alongside some potential mitigating strategies present in the literature. We will stress in particular the need to take into account the ethical principle of fairness when assessing the economic and recreational value of invasive species, especially concerning the unfair distribution of costs. Moreover, we will assert the importance of conservation of A. pallipes both for its existence value and for its role as an umbrella and keystone species. Beyond its focus on A. pallipes, the Ethical Matrix here discussed might also provide insights on the value conflicts relative to analogous in situ conservation efforts involving a native species threatened by invasive alien competitors. Graphic abstract

The Value of Chest CT in Staging of Gastric Cancer

Aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. However, the significance of chest computed tomography (CT) in staging of GC is uncertain and the relevant study is few. So this study aims to evaluate the value of chest CT in gastric cancer staging.Methods: This study included 1158 cases of GC patients admitted to Shaoxing People's Hospital from 2015 to 2018. Chest, abdominal and pelvic CT scans were used to systematically evaluate the site of metastasis. All images were reviewed twice by two radiologists. Clinical data was Statistically analyzed.Results: The study finally included 846 patients, 672 cases (79.4%) received surgical treatment. Only 55 cases (6.5%) had lung metastases before or after surgery, and 20 cases (2.4%) had thoracic or supraclavicular lymph nodes (LN) metastases, of which 8 cases had double lung and thoracic LN metastases. The most common site of metastases is the peritoneum (265/390, 67.9%). Almost all lung or thoracic LN metastases accompanied with metastases to other sites, only one patient had a single thoracic LN metastases (1/846, 0.12%), while no single lung metastases was found. When tumor involved gastric fundus/cardia, compared to distal GC, there was a higher probability of lung metastases, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.028).Conclusions: This study shows that chest CT has a low application value in the routine staging of gastric cancer, but when the tumor is located in the fundus/cardia, due to the high proportion of lung metastases, chest CT has a certain existence value.

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem at Gerung District, West Lombok Regency

Research regarding economic valuation of mangrove in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency has been conducted. The purposes of this research were to calculate and analyze economic value from mangrove ecosystem at Gerung District. Research methods used observation and interviews. Direct Economic Value (DEV) were obtained from direct use of mangrove with a value IDR. 227,040,000/year. Indirect Economic Value (IEV)were calculated from mangrove ecosystem services with a value IDR. 1,405,041,200/year, Existence Value (EV) was obtained by Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with a value IDR. 1,520,000/year. Option Value (OV) were calculated from biodiversity value with a value were IDR. 1,200,000/year. Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove in Gerung District were IDR. 1,634,801,200/year.

Valuasi Ekonomi Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Timbulsloko Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi fisik, ekologi, dan ekonomi bagi manusia. Pemanfaatan mangrove yang tidak konservatif dapat menimbulkan kerusakan mangrove dan abrasi. Pemulihan ekosistem mangrove dengan rehabilitasi dan konservasi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat ini mendorong diperlukannya perhitungan valuasi ekonomi terhadap ekosistem mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui total use value dan non use value ekosistem mangrove di Desa Timbulsloko, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif untuk menghimpun data monografi terkait ekosistem mangrove dan metode eksploratif untuk penentuan use value dan non use value ekosistem mangrove. Responden penelitian adalah 30 orang terdiri dari 29 masyarakat dan 1 orang perangkat desa yang berkaitan dengan keberadaan ekosistem mangrove secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan September – Desember 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai total ekonomi ekosistem mangrove di Desa Timbulsloko adalah Rp 164.897.377,1/ha/tahun atau Rp 12.703.693.939/ tahun dengan luasan ekosistem mangrove 77,04 ha. Nilai tersebut terdiri dari total use value dan non use value dari sektor perikanan dan kelautan yang terkait dengan ekosistem mangrove. Use value sebesar Rp 11.095.403.189/tahun atau Rp 144.021.329/ha/tahun. Use value meliputi nilai guna langsung, nilai guna tidak langsung, dan nilai pilihan. Sedangkan non use value sebesar Rp 1.608.290.750/tahun atau Rp 20.876.048,16/ha/tahun. Non use value meliputi nilai keberadaan dan nilai warisan. Mangrove ecosystem has physical, ecological and economical functions for humans. Non conservative use of mangrove can cause mangrove damage and abrasion. Restoration of mangrove ecosystems with rehabilitation and conservation can increase community income. The increasing of community income can cause the need of economic valuation calculations for the mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the total of use value and non-use value of the mangrove ecosystem in Timbulsloko Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. The method used in this study was a descriptive method to collect monograph data related to mangrove ecosystems and an exploratory method for determining use value and non-use value of the mangrove ecosystem. The research respondents were 30 residents consisting of 29 communities and 1 village officer who were directly and indirectly related to the existence of the mangrove ecosystem. This researched was conducted in September – December 2017. The result showed that the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Timbulsloko Village was Rp. 164,897,377.1 / ha / year or Rp. 12,703,693,939 / year in 77.04ha of mangrove ecosystem area range. This value consists of the total use value and non-use value from the fisheries and marine sector which associated with the mangrove ecosystem. The use value of IDR 11,095,403,189 / year or IDR 144,021,329 / ha / year. The use values include direct use value, indirect use value, and option value. Meanwhile, the non-use value is IDR 1,608,290,750 / year or IDR 20,876,048.16 / ha / year. The non-use values include existence value and bequest value.

Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y, Ma’ruf A. 2020. Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1940-1953. Mangroves play important role in life. The benefits of the mangrove ecosystem consist of ecological and socio-economic values. However, it is a challenge to discern how the mangrove ecosystem provides a comprehensive economic value. This research is aimed to analyze the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. This aim will be achieved by conducting fauna inventory, analysis of mangrove wood production potential, social-economic interviews, and infrastructure cost analysis as the inputs to calculate four elements (i.e. Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, and Existence Value) to sum up the TEV. The research used a mixed-method combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Fauna inventory was conducted using boat survey method and interviews with local fishermen. Data on mangrove wood production was obtained using the systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with an area of one hectare for each plot to calculate mean annual increment (MAI) and current annual increment (CAI). The economic value of the mangrove ecosystem was calculated using market price values, replacement costs, and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results of fauna inventory consisted of 3 species of mammals, 1 species of reptile, 16 species of birds, 25 types of fish, 8 species of crustaceans, and 7 species of mollusks. The economic valuation resulted in the contribution of direct use value with 39.56% in the form of wood (94,875,000,000 IDR) and fishery products (103,500,000,000 IDR); indirect use value with 53.47% in the form of breakwater (38,028,881,407 IDR), abrasion resistance (218,549,528,110 IDR), and carbon sequestration (11,580,313,067); option value with 6.92% in the form of biodiversity (34,690,085,038 IDR); and existence value with 0.05% (241,500,000 IDR). All these resulted in the total economic value (TEV) of the mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village of 501,465,307,621 IDR. Therefore, this value can be the basis for policymakers in managing natural resources so that the ecosystem is more protected and sustainable, and can continue to provide environmental services for the welfare of the community.