Early-life environment and human capital: evidence from the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Evan D. Peet
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Life ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Lifetime Earnings ◽  
Capital Development

AbstractThis study examines how human capital develops in response to early-life weather and pollution exposures in the Philippines. Both pollution and weather are examined in relation to short- and long-term human capital outcomes. We combine a three-decade longitudinal survey measuring human capital development, a database of historical weather, and multiple databases characterizing carbon monoxide and ozone in the Philippines during the 1980s. We find evidence that extreme precipitation and temperature affect short-term anthropometric outcomes, but long-term outcomes appear unaffected. For long-term cognitive outcomes, we find that early-life pollution exposures negatively affect test scores and schooling. These long-term responses to early-life pollution exposures extend to the labor market with reduced hours worked and earnings. The implication is that a 25 per cent reduction in early-life ozone exposure would increase per person discounted lifetime earnings by $1,367, which would scale to $2.05 billion at the national level (or 2 per cent of 2005 GDP).

scholarly journals Implication of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth by Using Cointegration and Error Correction Modelling in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Nayab Minhaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development

The study examined human capital development and Pakistan economic growth in the quest to evaluate various policy grounds upon which capital development exist among nations and its nexus and effect it will have on the domestic economy, this paper cross-examined the objective purpose of capital development as a measure of economy development the vector error correction approach was adopted as an estimation technique to reveal the short and long term disequilibrium in the study. Findings from the study show that there is a direct influence between the subject matter of human capital and economic growth in Pakistan by these findings, the study recommends that the government of Pakistan should continue the level of spending for the two sectors of health and education which are the underlying sectors for attaining capital development and purposeful growth and development in the Pakistan economy.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LIBERALISASI ARUS MODAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI ASEAN-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Devilia Sitorus ◽  
Crisanty Sutristyaningtyas Titik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Partial Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Model ◽  
Partial Adjustment Model ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study aims to examine the relationship between capital flow liberalization and economic growth in ASEAN-5. This research is a quantitative study that uses data: GDP, Gross Capital Formation, financial disclosure seen from the Chinn-Ito index for the period 2000-2017 in 5 ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Data were processed using panel data regression analysis and specifically for Indonesia, Partial Adjustment Model (PAM) regression was performed. The results of this study indicate that financial openness seen from the Chinn-Ito index has a negative and significant influence on the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries. Capital flows have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries. Meanwhile, the PAM (Partial Adjustment Model) regression model shows that capital flows have a positive and significant influence on Indonesia's economic growth both in the short and long term, while financial openness has a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth both in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Long-term Development of National Human Capital. Evidence from China and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-66
Author(s):  
Łukasz Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
National Human ◽  
Capital Development

AbstractObjective: The aim of this paper is to present the long-term development of the chosen human capital indices that uncovers and compares the outcome of the national efforts performed by the two culturally distant countries (China and Poland) over the decade. Additionally, paper indicates the areas of further HC progress in both nations.Methodology: The study was based on measuring human capital with the help of deliberately chosen set of macroeconomic indices (28 items) referring to the nations’ capability to create innovations. Analysis was performed for the 2007–2017 years.Findings: Positive phenomena in the case of human capital development outperform the negative ones in both countries, however, the extent is more remarkable in the case of China. China managed to: improve greatly the pupil-teacher ratio (both in primary and secondary schools), increase secondary and tertiary education enrolment rate along with the rise of the no. of students from abroad. In Poland, the greatest increase was observed in the case of the number of researchers what consequently contributed to the improvement of number of scientific and technical articles and citable documents (h-index).Value Added: To the best Author’s knowledge this is the first paper that compares national human capital development in Poland and China with a set of indices focused on capability to create innovations and adopts longitudinal approach.Recommendations: Policy-makers in the case of Poland should concentrate on: fostering university/industry research collaboration, improving rank in worldwide QS classification and performing more efforts to attract and retain talents. Moreover, the negative trends should be reversed with regard to: PISA scores and general quality of education system. In turn, Chinese authorities should facilitate better PISA scores and increase the presence of scientific and technical articles.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Foreign Investment on Local Human Capital: Four American Companies in Spain, 1920s–1970s

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Puig ◽  
Adoración Álvaro-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Capital Development

This article explores the long-term effects of foreign direct investment on the human capital development of host economies, based on the historical analysis of the Spanish operations of four leading American firms: ITT, J. Walter Thompson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and John Deere. Our research shows that the training and working practices of these companies had a positive impact on the Spanish subsidiaries in terms of technological upgrading and managerial development. However, the local context was also relevant, through mandatory agreements that empowered local partners from the start and the availability of locally educated professionals eager to absorb new knowledge.

scholarly journals Influence of human and physical capital on the survival of new ventures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Revuelto Taboada ◽  
Virginia Simón Moya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Short And Long Term

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of physical and human capital on the survival of new ventures in different economic contexts. We conduct an empirical study by using a logit model to analyze new ventures’ probabilities of survival. The results show that both human and physical capital influence the survival of ventures in the short and long term, with human capital playing a particularly important role. The implications of the study hinge on two key findings. First, the government’s potential to promote more efficient forms of entrepreneurship is a prominent factor. Second, the motivations —necessity or opportunity—of the entrepreneurs embarking on business ventures, and the importance of certain types of capital also determine the venture’s prospects for survival.

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