scholarly journals Long-term Development of National Human Capital. Evidence from China and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-66
Author(s):  
Łukasz Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
National Human ◽  
Capital Development

AbstractObjective: The aim of this paper is to present the long-term development of the chosen human capital indices that uncovers and compares the outcome of the national efforts performed by the two culturally distant countries (China and Poland) over the decade. Additionally, paper indicates the areas of further HC progress in both nations.Methodology: The study was based on measuring human capital with the help of deliberately chosen set of macroeconomic indices (28 items) referring to the nations’ capability to create innovations. Analysis was performed for the 2007–2017 years.Findings: Positive phenomena in the case of human capital development outperform the negative ones in both countries, however, the extent is more remarkable in the case of China. China managed to: improve greatly the pupil-teacher ratio (both in primary and secondary schools), increase secondary and tertiary education enrolment rate along with the rise of the no. of students from abroad. In Poland, the greatest increase was observed in the case of the number of researchers what consequently contributed to the improvement of number of scientific and technical articles and citable documents (h-index).Value Added: To the best Author’s knowledge this is the first paper that compares national human capital development in Poland and China with a set of indices focused on capability to create innovations and adopts longitudinal approach.Recommendations: Policy-makers in the case of Poland should concentrate on: fostering university/industry research collaboration, improving rank in worldwide QS classification and performing more efforts to attract and retain talents. Moreover, the negative trends should be reversed with regard to: PISA scores and general quality of education system. In turn, Chinese authorities should facilitate better PISA scores and increase the presence of scientific and technical articles.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Foreign Investment on Local Human Capital: Four American Companies in Spain, 1920s–1970s

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Puig ◽  
Adoración Álvaro-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Capital Development

This article explores the long-term effects of foreign direct investment on the human capital development of host economies, based on the historical analysis of the Spanish operations of four leading American firms: ITT, J. Walter Thompson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and John Deere. Our research shows that the training and working practices of these companies had a positive impact on the Spanish subsidiaries in terms of technological upgrading and managerial development. However, the local context was also relevant, through mandatory agreements that empowered local partners from the start and the availability of locally educated professionals eager to absorb new knowledge.

Challenges of Curriculum Design and its Implications on Policy: The Case of the Junior High School (JHS) Teaching Subjects in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Alex Kwao
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Curriculum Alignment ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Development

Abstract The educational landscape though serves as the bedrock for human resource development, it still has challenging academic experiences in Junior High Schools in Ghana. The realization is that, transitional stages of schooling seem not to have curriculum alignment that reflect tertiary education programme. Yearning for flexibility, harmonization and synchronization of the curriculum, the paper seeks to explore missing interest areas, talents in order to discover inspired paths that underpin enrichment of the school curriculum. To deepen high school experience for appropriate and best practices in human capital development, the researchers examine curriculum design and its implications on policy, the case of the JHS teaching subjects in Ghana. This engagement adopts the combined approach using the discursive method and descriptive analysis. Participants of the study include 100 students, 10 teachers, 5 circuit supervisors, and 5 curriculum experts of the Cape Coast Metropolis. Interviews are the main instruments used for the qualitative analysis while graphical representations and achievement tests are conducted for students from the ten schools. In the investigations, the study discovers that, there is no curriculum alignment in some of the teaching subjects taught at the JHS level despite their potential areas for human capital development. It is recommended that, the curriculum at the JHS level should be revised to reflect the best practices, prospects and opportunities for students.

scholarly journals POPULATION DENSITY IN RURAL AREAS AS A DRIVER OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan POLCYN ◽  
Bazyli CZYŻEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Education System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Capital Development

Rural areas are typically characterised by uneven access to education and the resulting varying levels of pupils’ educational attainment. The inefficiency of the education system may lead to a decreased level of human capital development in the society. It is therefore vital to identify the factors responsible for the inefficiency of the education system and take steps to mitigate their negative impact. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between the population density in rural areas, the pupils’ average level of examination performance and the educational value added. The analyses were based on the exam results achieved by lower secondary school-leavers in 1,372 rural communes between 2012 and 2014. The original intention was to include all rural communes in the analysis. However, due to the incompleteness of the data concerning some of the communes, they were eventually excluded from the study. The final sample for analysis consisted of about 58% of all rural communes in Poland. The communes were divided into classes, based on the criterion of population density. The objects under study were arranged in an ascending order according to the value of the population density variable, and then divided into four classes (class A contained 25% of communes with the highest population density). The classes thus defined were used as a qualitative predictor in the subsequently performed ANOVA test. As a next step, contrasts were determined by applying a simple contrast to the analysed classes of communes. The analyses revealed that the highest examination results were achieved in the communes with the highest population density, while the lowest examination results were found in the communes with the lowest population density. This dependence may be indicative of educational negligence at lower levels of education, in this particular case - at the stage of primary school. The results of the analyses point to the need for expanding the network of nursery schools. To address the above problem, financial support should be provided from the state budget to social initiatives aimed at increasing the access to nursery schools, e.g. by creating an appropriate system of subsidies for nursery schools run by both local governments and private entities.

scholarly journals A Critical Look at Ghana’s Human Capital Development Agenda: Where Do We Go From Here?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Bill Buenar Puplampu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Made In

This lecture explores the extent to which Ghana has paid sufficient strategic attention to the development of skills, competencies and capacities which would propel consistent socio-economic development. It argues that many initiatives and efforts have been made in the area of education. However these have been unfocused, disparate, not strategic and wasteful. Five policy and implementation gaps are identified and five recommendations are proffered for urgent consideration by policy makers.

scholarly journals Human Capital Development, Economic Rejuvenation and Stable Long-Term Growth: The Case of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Martins Iyoboyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Capital Development

The paper investigates the relative impact of human capital development on economic rejuvenation and growth in Nigeria form 1981 to 2010, using the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The study utilized a combined proxy of education and health to capture the influence of human capital on growing and consequently rejuvenating an economy. Fixed capital and human capital were found to be positively associated with economic growth in both the short and long run, while Granger-causing economic growth in the period of study, implying the imperatives of using them to rejuvenate an economy. The stability of the coefficients of the estimated model is confirmed by the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests. The paper showed that for Nigeria’s economic rejuvenation and long-term stable growth, emphasis should be placed on deliberately developing the country’s vast human resources.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Human Capital Development in Nigeria through the Lens of Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Martins Iyoboyi ◽  
Olarinde Muftau
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Capital Development

The paper assesses human capital development in Nigeria through the lens of education. The study used education as proxy to capture human capital, while utilizing secondary sources of data. There is evidence that human capital development in Nigeria is inadequate and unable to galvanise the economy towards long-term stable growth. Emphasis should be placed on deliberately developing the country’s vast human resources, with particular reference to the country’s educational spectrum, if the goal of poverty alleviation, employment generation and wealth creation, all encapsulated in various policy documents over the years, are to be achieved.

Trade and Human Capital in Global Value Chain in Developed and Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Wang ◽  
Shandre Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of human capital on bilateral domestic value-added trade in global value chains (GVCs) for 43 countries and 56 sectors. In contrast to previous studies, this paper estimated an approximate gravity model of value-added trade to capture the role of human capital in determining the cross-border production linkages via value-added trade. The results show that the domestic value-added trade flows depend critically on human capital development in both exporting and importing countries. The results indicate a positive effect of skilled intensity on bilateral domestic value-added trade in GVCs. We also observe a larger positive effect of skills on the GVC value-added trade for the developing economies. The paper highlights the importance of trade liberalization and forward-looking human capital development policies for the competitiveness of the developing countries in the value-added trade in GVC.

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