Happiness in the tropics: climate variables and subjective wellbeing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Oscar Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Changes in climatic patterns are expected to have significant effects on health and wellbeing. However, the literature on the effect of climate on subjective wellbeing remains scant and existing studies focus mostly on developed countries or cross-country analyses. This paper aims to identify the relationship between climate conditions on happiness after controlling for individual and social characteristics. Ecuador, a geographically fragmented country with varying climate conditions across municipalities, constitutes an ideal case study to assess the effect of climate variables on happiness. We employ a cross-section analysis to identify the effect of temperature, precipitation and humidity on happiness. The paper shows that climate conditions constitute an important determinant of people's subjective wellbeing. The results also suggest that income and education attenuate the effect of temperature on happiness and that substantial differences are observed depending on whether places are hot/humid or cold/dry.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Using environmental niche modelling to investigate abiotic predictors of crocodilian attacks on people

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
George Powell ◽  
Thomas M. M. Versluys ◽  
Jessica J. Williams ◽  
Sonia Tiedt ◽  
Simon Pooley
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCrocodilians are distributed widely through the tropics and subtropics, and several species pose a substantial threat to human life. This has important implications for human safety and crocodilian conservation. Understanding the drivers of crocodilian attacks on people could help minimize future attacks and inform conflict management. Crocodilian attacks follow a seasonal pattern in many regions, but there has been limited analysis of the relationship between attack occurrence and fine-scale contemporaneous environmental conditions. We use methods from environmental niche modelling to explore the relationships between attacks on people and abiotic predictors at a daily temporal resolution for the Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus in South Africa and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), and the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis in Florida, USA. Our results indicate that ambient daily temperature is the most important abiotic temporal predictor of attack occurrence for both species, with attack likelihood increasing markedly when mean daily temperatures exceed 18 °C and peaking at 28 °C. It is likely that this relationship is explained partially by human propensity to spend time in and around water in warmer weather but also by the effect of temperature on crocodilian hunting behaviour and physiology, especially the ability to digest food. We discuss the potential of our findings to contribute to the management of crocodilians, with benefits for both human safety and conservation, and the application of environmental niche modelling for understanding human–wildlife conflicts involving both ectotherms and endotherms.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

Financial Development and Economic Growth

2015 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Nikolaou Koumparoulis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the author examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth. In the first three sections of the chapter, they present the expansionary policies in the developed countries that led to increased capital flows in the last decades. Such an analysis was done through a thorough review of both empirical and other critical studies from distinguished academics. In the final section, a new financial system at the service of society and development with a case study for Greece is illustrated.

scholarly journals Gender and Feminist Considerations in Artificial Intelligence From a Developing-World Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShailendraIndia Kumar ◽  
Sanghamitra Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature Upon Transmission Of COVID-19 : Australia And Egypt Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adly Anis
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transmission Speed

Abstract Background: Several previous studies have recognized the effect of air temperature on the survival and transmission of viruses and germs. The current study investigated the effect of air temperature on the transmission of coronavirus covid-19 by monthly temperature averages maps analyzing.Methods: The study demonstrated the relationship between temperature and transmission speed of Covid-19 virus, It confirmed that the most appropriate average temperature for virus activity and transmission ranges between 13-24 ° C, by analyzing the maps of monthly temperature averages in Egypt and Australia.Results: The study reached, through cartographic analysis, to confirm the relationship between temperature and increase in the number of confirmed cases of covid-19, This study confirmed that the most appropriate average temperature for virus activity and transmission ranges between 13-24 ° C, by analyzing the maps of monthly temperature averages in Egypt and Australia.Conclusions: Results support that the most appropriate average temperature for the survival transmission of COVID-19 ranges between 13-24 ° C. Australia and Egypt are models to confirm the relationship between temperature and COVID-19 activity and spread.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature Upon Transmission Of COVID-19 Australia And Egypt Case Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adly Anis
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transmission Speed

Abstract BackgroundSeveral previous studies have recognized the effect of air temperature on the survival and transmission of viruses and germs. The current study investigated the effect of air temperature on the transmission of coronavirus covid-19 by monthly temperature averages maps analyzing.MethodsThe study demonstrated the relationship between temperature and transmission speed of Covid-19 virus, It confirmed that the most appropriate average temperature for virus activity and transmission ranges between 13-24 ° C, by analyzing the maps of monthly temperature averages in Egypt and Australia.ResultsThe study reached, through cartographic analysis, to confirm the relationship between temperature and increase in the number of confirmed cases of covid-19, This study confirmed that the most appropriate average temperature for virus activity and transmission ranges between 13-24 ° C, by analyzing the maps of monthly temperature averages in Egypt and Australia. But the effect of the climate does not prevent the virus from being transmitted from one person to another through close contact or use of personal tools infected with the Corona virus, or crowding in air-conditioned places.Therefore, failure of individuals to follow the instructions for social distance and wearing a mask will lead to the transmission of the virus, even in hot climates.ConclusionsResults support that the most appropriate average temperature for the survival transmission of COVID-19 ranges between 13-24 ° C. Australia and Egypt are models to confirm the relationship between temperature and COVID-19 activity and spread.

scholarly journals Climatic niche conservatism in a clade of disease vectors (Diptera: Phlebotominae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel R. R. D'Agostino ◽  
Rafael Vivero ◽  
Luis Romero ◽  
Eduar Bejarano ◽  
Allen H Hurlbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Climate Niche ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Sandflies of the family Psychodidae show notable diversity in both disease vector status and climatic niche. Some species (in the subfamily Phlebotominae) transmit Leishmania parasites, responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. Other Psychodidae species do not. Psychodid species ranges can be solely tropical, confined to the temperate zones, or span both. Studying the relationship between the evolution of disease vector status and that of climatic niche affords an understanding not only of the climate conditions associated with the presence and species richness of Leishmania vectors, but also allows the study of the extent to which the climatic niches of psychodid flies are conserved, in a context with implications for global human health. We obtained observation site data, and associated climate data, for 223 psychodid species to understand which aspects of climate most closely predict distribution. Temperature and seasonality are strong determinants of species occurrence within the clade. We built a mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Psychodidae, and found a positive relationship between pairwise genetic distance and climate niche differentiation, which indicates strong niche conservatism. This result is also supported by strong phylogenetic signals of metrics of climate differentiation. Finally, we used ancestral trait reconstruction to infer the tropicality (i.e., proportion of latitudinal range in the tropics minus the proportion of the latitudinal range in temperate areas) of ancestral species, and counted transitions to and from tropicality states, finding that tropical and temperate species respectively produced almost entirely tropical and temperate descendant species, a result consistent for vector and non-vector species. Taken together, these results imply that while vectors of Leishmania can survive in a variety of climates, their climate niches are strongly predicted by phylogeny.

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