Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity in large and small strains of Australian Merino rams

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
J. Zamora ◽  
A. M. James ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
Jean Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Australian Merino

ABSTRACTMaturing patterns are established for 93 individual muscles, and nine anatomical groups of muscles, using half carcass dissection data from 39 rams of two strains of Merinos of different mature size (91 and 116 kg). The maturity coefficients of the individual muscles and muscle groups are tabulated. Seventy-eight of the 93 muscles, and eight of the nine anatomical muscle groups, had maturing patterns which were not significantly different for the strains of sheep. In general, the muscles of the limbs and muscles surrounding the spinal column were earlier-maturing than total muscle and the muscles in the cranial end of the trunk were late maturing. The muscles of the abdominal wall matured at the same rate as total muscle.Differences in the distribution of muscle weight of the two strains of rams, when compared at the same total muscle weight, were reduced when compared at the same proportion' of mature total muscle weight. It was concluded, therefore, that apparent differences in the distribution of muscle weights, when breeds are compared at the same total muscle weight, may be due largely to differences in mature size.

Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight 6. Muscle-weight distribution

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Perry ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
R. M. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Australian Merino

ABSTRACTThe change in muscle-weight distribution from birth to maturity was examined in rams and ewes from strains of Australian Merino sheep which had been selected for high or low weaning weight, and from a randomly bred control flock. The proportional distribution of total muscle weight among nine anatomically standardized muscle groups was determined for 34 mature animals. The growth of each group was then assessed relative to the growth of the total musculature, using data from 106 immature animals. Maturity coefficients were calculated separately for pre- and post-weaning growth. Several muscle groups exhibited a diphasic growth pattern.Selection for high and low weaning weight resulted in an increase and decrease respectively in total muscle weight in mature animals, but had no effect on mature muscle-weight distribution. There were no significant strain effects on maturing patterns of muscle groups, except during the pre-weaning growth of muscles around the spinal column and those connecting the thorax to the forelimb. When compared at the same stage of maturity there was little difference between the strains in muscle-weight distribution. However, at the same weight the larger mature-size strain had a more immature pattern of muscle-weight distribution.The total muscle weight of mature rams was greater than that of mature ewes. Sex also had an effect on muscle-weight distribution at maturity for seven of the nine muscle groups. At maturity rams had a higher proportion of their muscle weight in those muscle groups associated with the neck and thorax, and a lower proportion in those associated with the limbs. Sex affected the pre-weaning maturing pattern of the muscles of the spinal column, and the post-weaning maturing pattern of all muscle groups, with the exception of those muscles associated with the distal hindlimb, the spinal column, and those attaching the thorax to the forelimb.

Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity of Australian Dorset Horn rams and wethers. 2. Individual muscles and muscle groups

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
K. J. Reddacliff ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
J. Zamora ◽  
Jean Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wall Group ◽  
Very High ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Male Sheep

ABSTRACTMaturity patterns have been established for 93 individual carcass muscles and nine standard muscle groups using dissection data from 20 Dorset Horn rams and 20 Dorset Horn wethers. A very high proportion, 81/93, of the individual muscles and all the muscle groups had maturity patterns which were not different for the rams and wethers.Maturity patterns of some muscle groups varied from those previously demonstrated in Merino rams, in that the abdominal wall group was later maturing and the neck to forelimb and neck and thorax groups were earlier maturing in the Dorset Horns.Comparison of the distribution of muscle weight of the Dorset Horn rams and wethers at the mean total muscle weight resulted in different conclusions to comparison at the mean proportion of maturity. It is concluded that comparisons of muscle weight distribution of entire and castrated male sheep, in which mature muscle weight varies, will be most meaningful if carried out at the same proportion of maturity, since comparisons at the same weight of total muscle will embrace components of difference due to stage of maturity.

Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity in large and small strains of Australian Merino rams 1. Muscle, bone and fat

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
D. A. Griffiths ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
J. Zamora ◽  
A. M. James
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Australian Merino

ABSTRACTMaturing patterns of carcass muscle, bone and fat were established using dissection data from 20 large mature size strain and 19 small mature size strain Merino rams. The rams were fed a pelleted ration soon after weaning and individual rams from both strains slaughtered at 6 kg increments in live weight from 18 kg to maturity at 116 and 91 kg for the large and small strains respectively.Composition of mature rams of both strains was similar for the proportion of muscle and bone but there was a slightly greater proportion of fat in the larger strain.The progress of each carcass tissue to maturity was assessed relative to progress of shorn full live weight to maturity. Maturing patterns of the three carcass tissues were not significantly different in the two strains. Muscle and bone were early maturing relative to live weight and fat late maturing.The composition of the large and small mature size strains at the same live weight and at the same proportion of maturity was predicted from the maturity patterns of the carcass tissues and the composition of the mature rams. At the same live weight the large mature size strain had a greater proportion of bone and a smaller proportion of fat than the small mature size strain. At the same proportion of mature live weight, differences between the strains in proportional composition were reduced, and the large mature size strain had slightly more fat.Some guidelines for comparison of strains of animals of different mature size are developed.

Muscle growth and distribution of muscle weight in Clun and Southdown sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
O. P. Whelehan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTA total of 56 sheep, 28 Clun and 28 Southdown were slaughtered, five of each breed, at birth, 50, 100, 150 and 200 days and three of each breed at 415 days of age. The left half of each carcass was separated anatomically into individual muscles, bones and fat depots. For the purposes of analysis, individual muscles were assigned to one of eight muscle groups, depending upon their anatomical location.The relative growth of some individual muscles was found to change over this age range, as indicated by a significant squared term in the quadratic allometric equation: this was true for proportionately 0·33 of the muscles in Clun and for proportionately 0·44 of those in Southdown, accounting for proportionately 0·33 and 0·47 of total muscle weight in Clun and Southdown respectively.Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive the multivariate analogue of the quadratic part of quadratic allometry: the sign of the loading on the second principal component had the same sign as the change observed in bq, the quadratic relative growth coefficient. Thus, PCA offers the potential to identify simultaneously, and independently of shape or conformation, all those muscles whose relative growth coefficients change over the period examined. It could be applied successfully to breed comparisons of conformation.The cumulative effects of changing relative growth rates of muscles were small. Muscle weight distribution appears to be almost fixed within the first few weeks after birth. Despite their differences in conformation and mature size, Clun and Southdown lambs had similar distributions of muscle weight at the same age; the high valued muscles constituted 513·8 g/kg total muscle in Clun and 514·7 g/kg total muscle in Southdown lambs at 200 days of age.

Breed and sex differences in muscle distribution in equally mature sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
M. A. Mason ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTSheep from the Soay, Southdown, Finnish Landrace and Oxford Down breeds were serially slaughtered at 40, 52, 64 and 76% of their estimated mature body weight. Breed and sex comparisons of muscle distribution wee made at these degrees of maturity. Comparisons were based on 12 individual muscles obtained from the prime retailjoints. Together, these 12 muscles represented about 41 % of total weight ofmuscle in the carcass. Highly significant breed and sex differences in the weight of individual muscles were obtained, but these differences were greatly reduced when values were expressed as a percentage of total muscle weight.On a percentage basis, there were significant changes with stage of maturity in only three of the muscles studied, although most individual muscles showed an initial percentage decrease with increasing maturity (from 40 to 52%) but almost no change thereafter. Significant breed differences in muscle distribution were found. The individual muscles examined, when combined, comprised 40·8, 43·4, 40·5 and 39·8 % of total muscle weight respectively in the Soay, Southdown, Finnish Landrace and Oxford Down. No breed was significantly above average for every individual muscle, but the Southdown had the highest percentage in 6 out of 12 and might therefore be said to have had the most preferred muscle distribution. For most muscles examined, the percentage was slightly higher for females than for males, with totals for all 12 muscles of 41·9 and 40·4% respectively.

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 3. Muscle weight distribution

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTMales and females from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finnish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and a breed of feral goats were slaughtered when they reached 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature body weight of their breed and sex. Total weight of dissected muscle was close to 0·30 times fleece-free empty body weight, or 0·24 times live weight, for all breeds and stages of maturity. The growth of 12 individual muscles or muscle groups dissected from the commercially higher-valued joints of the carcass, was examined in relation to live weight and total muscle weight. Limb muscles matured early. All 12 muscles, when combined, also matured early so that the proportion of lean tissue from the higher-valued joints declined as live weight increased.There were small but significant sex differences in the relative growth rate of some muscles. The abdominal muscles were early maturing for males and average for females. There were also sex differences in muscle weight distribution. The proportion of muscle in the hind limb of females was 1·055 times that in males, while the 12 muscles from higher-valued cuts constituted 0·403 of total carcass muscle for females and 0·389 for males, a proportional difference of 0·035.Muscle weight distribution was unrelated to breed size with the possible exception of m. gastrocnemius which appeared to be relatively smaller in genetically larger breeds. After accounting for differences in mature weight, there remained small but significant breed deviations in muscle weight distribution. Southdowns had the most attractive distribution. Feral goats and Jacob sheep, although they had the highest proportion of total muscle, had a much less attractive distribution.

Growth and body composition of Omani local sheep 2. Growth and distribution of musculature and skeleton

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mahgoub ◽  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Muscle Groups

AbstractDistribution of tissue weight in the musculature and skeleton was studied in ram, wether and ewe Omani sheep raised under an intensive management system and slaughtered over the range 18 to 38 kg live weight. Ram lambs had higher muscle weight in the forequarters than wether and ewe lambs whereas the latter ‘sexes’ had heavier hindquarters and slightly more muscle in the muscle groups of proximal hind- and forelimbs and those surrounding the spinal column. Some of the neck region muscles, e.g. m. splenius and m. longissimus capitis et atlantis, were more developed in ram than in wether and ewe lambs. The proportions in the side muscle weight of some muscles (mainly in the hindquarter) decreased with increased slaughter weight whereas others (mainly in forequarter) increased, with the majority of the muscles showing no significant slaughter weight effects. The magnitude of change in proportions of individual muscles with increased slaughter weight was small and unlikely to have a commercial impact on meat production from Omani sheep.As a proportion of total carcass bone, the axial skeleton and the hindlimb decreased with increased slaughter weight whereas the forelimb did not show a significant change. Ram lambs had heavier individual bones than wether and ewe lambs and higher proportions of the axial skeleton and lower proportions of the hindlimb than wethers at 28 kg live weight. There were few differences between the various ‘sexes’ in length, width or circumference of bones. Except for the 12th rib, individual bones, in all sexes, grew at a rate lower than empty body weight.It is suggested that future improvement of Omani sheep should take into consideration the high proportion of bone in the carcass of these animals as well as the relatively higher proportion of bone in the limbs than in the axial skeleton.

RELATIVE GROWTH PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. RICHMOND ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

The muscle-weight distribution and relative growth rate patterns were determined for 96 muscles and nine anatomical muscle groups dissected from half carcasses of pigs from two studies. The first study involved 109 pigs representing barrows and gilts of three breed groups, fed two rations differing in energy and protein and slaughtered at weights ranging from 23 to 114 kg liveweight. The second study involved 72 pigs representing barrows and gilts of two breed groups, fed one of three levels of a low-energy ration and slaughtered at one of three liveweights from 68 kg to 114 kg. Of the 96 muscles dissected, 69 muscles each weighed less than 1% of total muscle, five ranged from 3 to 7% and one muscle was more than 10% of total muscle. Relative growth rate patterns of individual muscles and anatomical muscle groups from pigs were compared with other studies from cattle and sheep. Generally, relative muscle growth in pigs over the range in liveweight studied appeared to be more monophasic than in cattle or sheep. Relative growth rate of muscles and subsequent muscle distribution appeared to be related to muscle function. Muscles associated with mobility immediately after birth showed much earlier development than those concerned with propulsion. Muscles involved with posture appeared to grow at the same relative rate as total muscle. Key words: Pig, growth, muscle growth

Growth patterns of muscles of Merino sheep from birth to 517 days

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lohse ◽  
F. P. Moss ◽  
R. M. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYEighty-two Merino sheep from birth to 517 days old were dissected into individual muscles. A system of overlapping growth coefficients was used to classify the growth patterns of 96 muscles and nine muscle groups. The relative size of muscles and groups at birth and one year are expressed as percentages of total half-carcass muscle weight.Some differences were noted from the previously recorded growth patterns of bovine muscles. The groups of muscles in the proximal part of the pelvic limb and those surrounding the spinal column were relatively faster-growing in sheep than in cattle.The patterns of the muscle groups are discussed relative to their function and it is shown that the patterns of growth of muscles within some groups are markedly different from the pattern of the whole group. This is most apparent in those groups with complex functions, and it is clear that anatomical grouping of muscles and functional grouping of muscles will be similar only in those regions of the body with relatively simple actions.

Studies of fat distribution in the bovine carcass. III.* Influence of intramuscular fat on the weight of total dissected muscle, muscle/bone ratio and the growth coefficients of muscle groups

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Johnson ◽  
WJ Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

The influence of intramuscular fat weight on total dissected muscle weight, muscle/bone ratio and the growth coefficients of 'standard muscle groups' was examined in 55 cattle (including foetuses and calves) with total dissected fat contents ranging from 1.3 to 38.9%. Intramuscular fat weight was significantly correlated with total dissected muscle weight (r = 0.97, P < 0.01), percentage total dissected fat weight (r = 0.82, P < 0.01) and age (r = 0.72, P < 0.01). Comparison of two regressions of total muscle weight on total muscle plus bone weight, one based on dissected muscle weight and the other on dissected muscle weight less intramuscular fat weight, showed that neither the slopes nor the intercepts differed significantly. Comparison of two regressions of muscle/bone ratio on muscle plus bone weight, one based on dissected muscle weight and the other on dissected muscle weight less intramuscular fat weight, showed that neither the regression coefficients nor the intercepts differed significantly. Intramuscular fat varied from 0.71 to 7.46% of chilled side muscle weight in carcasses which had total dissected fat contents ranging from 1.3 to 35.1 %. The increase in muscle/bone ratio attributable to intramuscular fat weight over this fatness range varied from 0.02 to 0.38. Comparison between pairs of growth coefficients for each 'standard muscle group', one based on dissected muscle weight and the other on dissected muscle weight less intramuscular fat weight, showed that there were no significant differences. _____________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 24: 287 (1973).

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