The Empiricism of Locke and Newton

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between John Locke and Isaac Newton, his co-founder of, in the apt phrase of one recent writer, ‘the Moderate Enlightenment’ of the eighteenth century, has many dimensions. There is their friendship, which began only after each had written his major work, and which had its stormy interlude. There is the difficult question of their mutual impact. In what ways did each draw intellectually on the other? That there was some debt of each to the other is almost certain, but its exact extent is problematic. Questions may be asked over a whole range of intellectual issues, but not always answered. Thus their theology, which was in many respects close, and which forms the bulk of their surviving correspondence, may yet reveal mutual influence. There is the question of their political views, where both were firmly Whig. But it is upon their philosophy, and certain aspects of their philosophy in particular, that this paper will concentrate. My main theme is the nature of their empiricism, and my main contention is that between them they produced a powerful and comprehensive philosophy.

The Empiricism of Locke and Newton

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between John Locke and Isaac Newton, his co-founder of, in the apt phrase of one recent writer, ‘the Moderate Enlightenment’ of the eighteenth century, has many dimensions. There is their friendship, which began only after each had written his major work, and which had its stormy interlude. There is the difficult question of their mutual impact. In what ways did each draw intellectually on the other? That there was some debt of each to the other is almost certain, but its exact extent is problematic. Questions may be asked over a whole range of intellectual issues, but not always answered. Thus their theology, which was in many respects close, and which forms the bulk of their surviving correspondence, may yet reveal mutual influence. There is the question of their political views, where both were firmly Whig. But it is upon their philosophy, and certain aspects of their philosophy in particular, that this paper will concentrate. My main theme is the nature of their empiricism, and my main contention is that between them they produced a powerful and comprehensive philosophy.

scholarly journals Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)

2020 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Amparo García Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Bibliographic Collection

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels

Persons in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy

Persons ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 154-181
Author(s):  
Antonia LoLordo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
David Hume ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Moral Personhood ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Early Modern Britain ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the rise of the problem of personal identity and the relation between moral and metaphysical personhood in early modern Britain. I begin with Thomas Hobbes, who presents the first modern version of the problem of diachronic identity but does not apply it to persons. I then turn to John Locke, who grounds the persistence of persons in a continuity of consciousness that is important because it is necessary for morality, thus subordinating metaphysical personhood to moral personhood. Finally, I examine how the relationship between moral personhood and metaphysical personhood is treated in three of Locke’s critics: Edmund Law, Catherine Trotter Cockburn, and David Hume.

Genius, Method, and Morality: Images of Newton in Britain, 1760–1860

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodology Of Science

The ArgumentFocusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, this article investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers. During the period studied, two areas of tension developed. Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method. Secondly, assumptions about the nexus between intellectual and moral virtue were threatened by the emerging conception of genius as marked by an extraordinary personality – on the one hand capable of breaking with established methods to achieve great discoveries, on the other, likely to transgress moral and social conventions. The assesments of Newton by nineteenth-century scientists such as Brewster, Whewell, and De Morgan were informed by these tensions.

scholarly journals On the Limits Between Religion and Politics: Contributions of John Locke for Thinking the Present

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Alan Santana Rauschkolb ◽  
José Reinaldo Felipe Martins Filho
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: this article is at the point of convergence between the universes of politics and religion, trying to demonstrate the limits of one against the other, especially in view of the growth of "ideologically converted" initiatives within the current Brazilian political scenario. To this end, it pursues and exposes the understanding of the English philosopher John Locke regarding the relationship between politics and religion from the concept of religious tolerance. For Locke, politics and religion represent two distinct spheres of human action, each of which is governed by an internal logic both as to its scope over individuals and as to its social role - the first directed to the sphere of security , order and maintenance of life and property and the second to the internal forum and the search for the salvation of souls. At the end of this study we intend to highlight how Lockean thought can contribute to the construction of a posture of openness to dialogue with differences, which the author has named: tolerance.Sobre os Limite entre a Religião e a Política: contributos de John Locke para se pensar o presenteResumo: o presente artigo situa-se no ponto de confluência entre os universos da política e da religião, procurando demonstrar os limites de um em face do outro, sobretudo em vista do crescimento de iniciativas “ideologicamente convertidas” dentro do atual cenário político brasileiro. Para isso, persegue e expõe o entendimento do filósofo inglês John Locke no que tange à relação entre política e religião a partir do conceito de tolerância religiosa. Para Locke política e religião representam duas esferas distintas da ação humana, sendo cada uma gerida por uma lógica interna tanto no que diz respeito ao seu alcance sobre os indivíduos, quanto no que se refere ao seu papel social – a primeira dirigida à esfera da seguridade, da ordem e da manutenção da vida e da propriedade e a segunda ao foro interno e à busca pela salvação das almas. Ao término deste estudo pretende-se realçar em quê o pensamento lockeano pode contribuir na construção de uma postura de abertura ao diálogo com as diferenças, o que o autor nomeou: tolerância.

scholarly journals The Great Leap from Earth to Heaven: The Evolution of Ballet and Costume in England and France in the Eighteenth Century

Costume ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Collins ◽  
Joanna Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Leap ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Relationship

The evolution of classical ballet from its accepted origins as one method of displaying status and aristocratic power in Renaissance Italy to its Romantic form, featuring professional ballerinas in white costumes dancing en pointe, took place largely during the long eighteenth century. This article discusses this transformation from the dual perspectives of choreography and costume by using the premise that these two vital elements in the presentation of ballet were co-dependent, each prompting the other to develop and evolve. Concentrating on Paris and London, it examines the relationship between court dress, fashion and theatre costume, and how this affected both the choreography and the style of dance throughout the long eighteenth century.

Syntax and Process in the First Movement of Mendelssohn’s Piano Trio, Op. 66

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-262
Author(s):  
Julian Horton
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Piano Trio ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter develops the claim that Felix Mendelssohn’s pivotal innovation in the realm of instrumental form lies in his strikingly post-classical response to the relationship between form and syntax. The C minor Piano Trio, Op. 66, reveals a rich array of syntactic habits that depart fundamentally from high-classical precedent. Expositional main-theme groups betray ‘loosening’ techniques, which greatly enlarge their dimensions; conversely, main-theme recapitulations are subjected to rigorous truncation. In between, functional elisions and cadential deferrals, achieved by the maintenance of active bass progressions across formal divisions, promote a degree of continuity that problematizes late-eighteenth-century notions of formal demarcation. These techniques unseat Mendelssohn’s classicist image. In Op. 66, the music’s Mozartian facility masks a technical radicalism, which is one of the defining contributions to the development of Romantic form.

The Age of Enlightenment in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 tackles the relationship between science and religion in the eighteenth century known as the Age of Enlightenment. The state policy of Westernization which was promoted chiefly by Peter I and Catherine II caused an immensely expansive spread of scientific knowledge and, in consequence, resulted in the first attempts to establish a relationship between science and theology. The chapter analyses this problem from both scientific and theological perspectives. First of all, in the eighteenth century the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened and Russian philosophy at that time tried to interpret scientific data in accordance with theological truths. Yet, on the other hand, a number of Orthodox theologians highlighted the limitation of scientific knowledge. This chapter analyzes the thought of Michael Lomonosov, Gregory Skovoroda, Theophan Prokopovich, and others representatives of the Russian Age of Enlightenment.

Gamifying Contentious Politics: Gaming Capital and Playful Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 155541202110141
Author(s):  
Vincent G. Huang ◽  
Tingting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
The Relationship

This article uses the Bourdieusian tradition to examine the relationship between gameplay elements and contentious politics. When investigating Chinese progressive social movements, this study found that the development of local gaming industries has conditioned three ways in which gameplay elements are employed to organize “playful resistance”: game as an action tactic, game as the mechanism for critical pedagogics, and game as a tool for public education . Gaming capital has become a useful resource for organizing contentious activities and disseminating progressive political views. Two forms of gaming capital are identified: one is the technical competencies needed to design games; the other is the cultural capacity to imagine social movements through game design mechanisms. This article shows how playful resistance challenges both authoritarian governance and the capitalist logic of gaming, offering a glimpse into how the actual process of gamification has taken place in a non-Western context.

Molyneux's Question

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Locke ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molyneux's Question ◽  
Molyneux’S Question

In 1693 William Molyneux put a question to John Locke:Suppose a man born blind, and now adult, and taught by his touch to distinguish between a cube and a sphere of the same metal, and nighly of the same bigness, so as to teil, when he feit one and the other, which is the cube, which the sphere. Suppose then the cube and the sphere placed on a table, and the blind man to be made to see;quare,Whether by his sight, before he touched them, he could now distinguish and teil which is the globe, and which the cube? (Locke,EssayII, ix, 8)The question became celebrated, attracting some of the foremost minds of the eighteenth Century and beyond. However, it is far from obvious what Molyneux's question is really about. What issue, or issues, of a more general and theoretical nature, does it raise? Since this is unclear, it is also unclear whether Molyneux's question still matters today. I defend a particular conception of what the question is about. If I am right, the question does indeed still matter.

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