The Age of Enlightenment in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 tackles the relationship between science and religion in the eighteenth century known as the Age of Enlightenment. The state policy of Westernization which was promoted chiefly by Peter I and Catherine II caused an immensely expansive spread of scientific knowledge and, in consequence, resulted in the first attempts to establish a relationship between science and theology. The chapter analyses this problem from both scientific and theological perspectives. First of all, in the eighteenth century the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened and Russian philosophy at that time tried to interpret scientific data in accordance with theological truths. Yet, on the other hand, a number of Orthodox theologians highlighted the limitation of scientific knowledge. This chapter analyzes the thought of Michael Lomonosov, Gregory Skovoroda, Theophan Prokopovich, and others representatives of the Russian Age of Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Formación y cultura escrita: los libros del agrimensor Francisco Falcón (1764)

2020 ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Amparo García Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Bibliographic Collection

This article approaches the study of the private library of the Murcian land surveyor Francisco Falcón de los Reyes, from the first half of the eighteenth century, which constitutes a clear example of the relationship between education and written culture. From the data extracted from a postmortem inventory and the subsequent appraisal and partition of goods among the heirs, we carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of said library. First, the text provides a biographical profile of this geometer, a descendant of slaves (new Christians), and describes the formative precariousness of these professionals in their time. The quantitative analysis of the bibliographic collection and its comparison with other private collections from similar socioeconomic fields indicate the importance of this particular collection. The qualitative study of authors and titles shows, on one hand, the high degree of mathematical training of the subject, who is shown to be a recipient of the fundamentally Valencian pre-illustrated reformist scientific mainstream, and, on the other hand, the purpose with which those books were incorporated into the funds of the collection. Together with the library, which we could call professional, due to its scientific nature, the inventoried religious matter in the form of printed documents makes up another interesting part of the collection, one of a catechetical nature in its various formative levels

Philosophy from the Perspective of Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Name Of God

Chapter 12 is dedicated to the analysis of the problem of the relationship between faith and science through the prism of language, as in the thought of Sergius Bulgakov and Alexei Losev. Their reflection on the nature of language of science and theology was provoked by the religious-philosophical movement of onomatodoxy, according to which the name of God is not something conventional, dependent on the possibility of human language, but is real par excellence. This perspective determined the methodological questions concerning the possibility of theological discourse on God and its relation with scientific knowledge. Both fields use symbolical language, although the priority belongs to the first one.

The Empiricism of Locke and Newton

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between John Locke and Isaac Newton, his co-founder of, in the apt phrase of one recent writer, ‘the Moderate Enlightenment’ of the eighteenth century, has many dimensions. There is their friendship, which began only after each had written his major work, and which had its stormy interlude. There is the difficult question of their mutual impact. In what ways did each draw intellectually on the other? That there was some debt of each to the other is almost certain, but its exact extent is problematic. Questions may be asked over a whole range of intellectual issues, but not always answered. Thus their theology, which was in many respects close, and which forms the bulk of their surviving correspondence, may yet reveal mutual influence. There is the question of their political views, where both were firmly Whig. But it is upon their philosophy, and certain aspects of their philosophy in particular, that this paper will concentrate. My main theme is the nature of their empiricism, and my main contention is that between them they produced a powerful and comprehensive philosophy.

Letters by J.P.A. Rémusat to Schilling von Canstadt (1817–1829) in the Orientalists Archives of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-143
Author(s):  
Hartmut Walravens
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

The paper documents the relationship between the inventor, printer and collector of Oriental books P.L. Schilling von Canstadt and the Orientalist J.P. Abel Rmusat by means of their extant correspondence. The bibliophile with a splendid Oriental library was a welcome partner and correspondent as he could and often would help colleagues with his rarities not to be found anywhere else in Europe. His expertise in printing Oriental scripts was attractive, too, as Orientalists were in need of adding Oriental scripts to their publications. Rmusat, on the other hand, wrote evaluations for the Petersburg dictionary project and publicized Schillings Chinese publications as models of perfect printing art. There is also a memo from Fr. Gass to Schilling, which gives some details about their printing experiments.

Effect of science in the relation between firms' technological diversification and innovation performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Alessia Donato
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patented Inventions

Several studies have analyzed the relationship between the firms’ technological diversification and the innovation performance outcomes. We use information coming from patents portfolio of a sample of firms that operate in a nanotechnology sector and analyze the effect, in this relationship, of the use of scientific knowledge in the development of patented inventions. We find, firstly, that the trend of the quality of innovation with the technological diversification of a firm appears similar to a Gaussian with positive asymmetry. Secondly, we find that with the increase in the percentage of the used science by year, in one side, firms appear to obtain the maximum impact of the innovation, in average, with a less technological diversification in the patent’s portfolio and, in the other side, innovations with more impact are obtained in average.

Emerson and Whitehead

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Harry Modean Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

In his discerning book entitled Emerson's Angle of Vision, Sherman Paul has pointed out two fundamental ways in which Whitehead, in spite of some obvious differences, is like Emerson. Both Emerson and Whitehead, says Paul, exalted the moral, ethical, and imaginative science of the seventeenth century over the analytical rationalism of the eighteenth century, and, as a logical consequence of this emphasis, both condemned Lockean sensationalism in the same way. Following Professor Paul's suggestion, the purpose of this study is to explore in some detail the basic views of Emerson and Whitehead about religion—man's relation to Nature and God. The remarkable similarities between the views of Emerson and those of Whitehead on this subject may not indicate much, if any, indebtedness of the twentieth-century philosopher to his nineteenth-century predecessor, but if these parallels are extensive and important enough, they may well indicate that Whitehead's total achievement in the philosophy of religion is like that of Emerson—that, religiously, Whitehead may be said to be a kind of twentieth-century Emerson, in one important way, as may appear, more of a transcendentalist than Emerson. Indeed, though the obscurity of his style will prevent him from being as popular as his predecessor, Whitehead's influence as a leader in the religious revolt against the “philosophy of logical analysis” and the other philosophies that make ours an “age of analysis” may in time be as great as that of Emerson in the similar romantic-transcendentalist revolt against the analytical rationalism of the age of “Enlightenment.” More of this later, but first let us examine the evidence.

scholarly journals Rocks, skulls and materialism: geology and phrenology in late-Georgian Belfast

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jeffrey Wright ◽  
Diarmid A. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Scientific Naturalism ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Recent years have seen the development of a more nuanced understanding of the emergence of scientific naturalism in the nineteenth century. It has become apparent that scientific naturalism did not emerge sui generis in the years following the publication of Charles Darwin's On the origin of species (1859), but was present, if only in incipient form, much earlier in the century. Building on recent scholarship, this article adopts a geographically focused approach and explores debates about geology and phrenology—two of the diverse forms of knowledge that contributed to scientific naturalism—in late-Georgian Belfast. Having provided the venue for John Tyndall's infamous 1874 address as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Belfast occupies a central place in the story of nineteenth-century scientific naturalism. However, in uncovering the intricate and surprising ways in which scientific knowledge gained, or was denied, epistemic and civic credibility in Belfast, this discussion will demonstrate that naturalism, materialism and the relationship between science and religion were matters of public debate in the town long before Tyndall's intervention.

Genius, Method, and Morality: Images of Newton in Britain, 1760–1860

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodology Of Science

The ArgumentFocusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, this article investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers. During the period studied, two areas of tension developed. Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method. Secondly, assumptions about the nexus between intellectual and moral virtue were threatened by the emerging conception of genius as marked by an extraordinary personality – on the one hand capable of breaking with established methods to achieve great discoveries, on the other, likely to transgress moral and social conventions. The assesments of Newton by nineteenth-century scientists such as Brewster, Whewell, and De Morgan were informed by these tensions.

scholarly journals Paradigma keilmuan Islam di perguruan tinggi

HUMANIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-120
Author(s):  
Sun Choirol Ummah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Science and religion should be able to be completed even if they should be able to work together and complement each other. On the other hand, there is unease among scientists who consider that methodological tools in science cannot be applied in religious studies, or assume that religious values cannot help scientists find the truth. In this case, there are those who still view that both (science and religion) are single entities or positioned as isolated entities. The antithesis of both is seen in the interconnected entities model as a more advanced perspective that touches on the problem of approaches and methods and procedures. There are four typologies of the relationship between science and religion that often arise including; conflict, independence, dialogue and integration. The most recent typology that is widely used is the integration combined with interconnection. It is appropriate for universities in Indonesia to strive to get closer, integrate and connect between science and religion so that the values of life that are in the area of meaning (religion) and want to be achieved can be achieved. Sains dan agama selayaknya dapat dipersandingkan bahkan keduanya seyogyanya mampu bersinergi dan saling mengisi. Di sisi lain, ada kegamangan di antara para ilmuwan yang  menganggap bahwa perangkat metodologis dalam ilmu pengetahuan tidak bisa diterapkan dalam kajian keagamaan, atau menganggap bahwa nilai-nilai agama tidak bisa membantu para saintis untuk menemukan kebenarannya. Dalam hal ini ada yang masih memandang bahwa keduanya (ilmu dan agama) merupakan single entity atau diposisikan sebagai isolated entities. Antitesis keduanya terlihat pada model interconnected entities sebagai cara pandang yang lebih maju yang menyentuh persoalan pendekatan (approach) dan metode berfikir serta penelitian (process and procedure). Ada empat tipologi hubungan sains dan agama yang sering muncul diantaranya; konflik, independen, dialog, dan integrasi. Tipologi terkini yang banyak digunakan yakni integrasi yang dikombinasikan dengan interkoneksi. Selayaknya perguruan tinggi yang ada di Indonesia berupaya keras untuk mendekatkan, mengintegrasikan dan mengoneksikan antara sains dan agama sehingga  nilai-nilai kehidupan yang berada pada wilayah makna (agama) dan ingin dituju bisa tercapai.

scholarly journals СВЯТИТЕЛЬ ЛУКА (ВОЙНО-ЯСЕНЕЦКИЙ) О НАУКЕ И РЕЛИГИИ

Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
П.О. Лизгунов ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

The article reveals the views of St. Luke on the relationship between science and religion, set forth in his works "Spirit, Soul and Body" and "Science and Religion". St. Luke shows that between science and religion there are not and cannot be fundamental contradictions due to the very limited intersection of the areas of one and the other; shows that in many respects science and religion complement each other, gives a number of traditional and some original arguments proving the absence of fundamental contradictions between science and religion.

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