scholarly journals The consequences of very late exposure to BSL as an L1

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENCIE WOLL
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Late Exposure ◽  
The Brain

Mayberry and Kluender (2017) make an important contribution to our understanding of the CPL, reporting the striking differences in regions of brain activation in Martin, a deaf man with very late exposure to an L1, compared to other deaf individuals, when processing single signs of ASL. They conclude: “The unique effects of AoA . . . suggest that the hierarchical structure of language and the architecture of the brain language processing system arise from their interaction over the course of early childhood when brain maturation and language acquisition are temporally synchronized.”

The Hierarchical Structure of Childhood Personality in Five Countries: Continuity From Early Childhood to Early Adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Tackett ◽  
Helena R. Slobodskaya ◽  
Raymond A. Mar ◽  
James Deal ◽  
Charles F. Halverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

scholarly journals ANALISIS GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK DI KECAMATAN PAHAE JULU

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sales Sitompul
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Acquisition Device ◽  
The Brain

This study originated from cases of language disorders that occur in society in Pahae Julu district. Language is a need to interact, and humans have been blessed with Language Acquisition Device (LAD) or any language by god. However, if when speaking of someone impaired both LAD and language processing part of the brain, then the communication will not be smooth. The language disorders can happen to anyone. The purpose of this study is to reveal some kinds of language disorders, cases of language disorders and to find out the causes of language disorders experienced by the community in Pahae Julu. The method used in this research is descriptive research method type of case studies.

Hierarchical Dynamical Model for Multiple Cortical Neural Decoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372-1401
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Xiang Shen ◽  
Shuhang Chen ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Pathway ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Heavy Tailed ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Motor brain machine interfaces (BMIs) interpret neural activities from motor-related cortical areas in the brain into movement commands to control a prosthesis. As the subject adapts to control the neural prosthesis, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), upstream of the primary motor cortex (M1), is heavily involved in reward-guided motor learning. Thus, considering mPFC and M1 functionality within a hierarchical structure could potentially improve the effectiveness of BMI decoding while subjects are learning. The commonly used Kalman decoding method with only one simple state model may not be able to represent the multiple brain states that evolve over time as well as along the neural pathway. In addition, the performance of Kalman decoders degenerates in heavy-tailed nongaussian noise, which is usually generated due to the nonlinear neural system or influences of movement-related noise in online neural recording. In this letter, we propose a hierarchical model to represent the brain states from multiple cortical areas that evolve along the neural pathway. We then introduce correntropy theory into the hierarchical structure to address the heavy-tailed noise existing in neural recordings. We test the proposed algorithm on in vivo recordings collected from the mPFC and M1 of two rats when the subjects were learning to perform a lever-pressing task. Compared with the classic Kalman filter, our results demonstrate better movement decoding performance due to the hierarchical structure that integrates the past failed trial information over multisite recording and the combination with correntropy criterion to deal with noisy heavy-tailed neural recordings.

scholarly journals The network properties of the brain at the time of normal birth support the acquisition of language processing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Salvan ◽  
Tomoki Arichi ◽  
Diego Vidaurre ◽  
J Donald Tournier ◽  
Shona Falconer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLanguage acquisition appears to rely at least in part on recruiting pre-existing brain structures. We hypothesized that the neural substrate for language can be characterized by distinct, non-trivial network properties of the brain, that modulate language acquisition early in development. We tested whether these brain network properties present at the normal age of birth predicted later language abilities, and whether these were robust against perturbation by studying infants exposed to the extreme environmental stress of preterm birth.We found that brain network controllability and integration predicted respectively phonological, ‘bottom-up’ and syntactical, ‘top-down’ language skills at 20 months, and that syntactical but not phonological functions were modulated by premature extrauterine life. These data show that the neural substrate for language acquisition is a network property present at term corrected age. These distinct developmental trajectories may be relevant to the emergence of social interaction after birth.

scholarly journals Multi-scale Information Retrieval for BIM using Hierarchical Structure Modelling and Natural Language Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 409-426
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Xinao Gao ◽  
Xiaoping Zhou ◽  
Qingshen Xie
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Retrieval Scheme

Building Information Modelling (BIM) captures numerous information the life cycle of buildings. Information retrieval is one of fundamental tasks for BIM decision support systems. Currently, most of the BIM retrieval systems focused on querying existing BIM models from a BIM database, seldom studies explore the multi-scale information retrieval from a BIM model. This study proposes a multi-scale information retrieval scheme for BIM jointly using the hierarchical structure of BIM and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Firstly, a BIM Hierarchy Tree (BIH-Tree) model is constructed to interpret the hierarchical structure relations among BIM data according to Industry Foundation Class (IFC) specification. Secondly, technologies of NLP and International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD) are employed to parse and unify the queries. Thirdly, a novel information retrieval scheme is developed to find the multi-scale information associated with the unified queries. Finally, the retrieval method proposed in this study is applied to an engineering case, and the practical results show that the proposed method is effective.

scholarly journals Draft and Edit: Automatic Storytelling Through Multi-Pass Hierarchical Conditional Variational Autoencoder

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 1741-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Hsuan Yu ◽  
Juntao Li ◽  
Danyang Liu ◽  
Dongyan Zhao ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Automatic Storytelling has consistently been a challenging area in the field of natural language processing. Despite considerable achievements have been made, the gap between automatically generated stories and human-written stories is still significant. Moreover, the limitations of existing automatic storytelling methods are obvious, e.g., the consistency of content, wording diversity. In this paper, we proposed a multi-pass hierarchical conditional variational autoencoder model to overcome the challenges and limitations in existing automatic storytelling models. While the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) model has been employed to generate diversified content, the hierarchical structure and multi-pass editing scheme allow the story to create more consistent content. We conduct extensive experiments on the ROCStories Dataset. The results verified the validity and effectiveness of our proposed model and yields substantial improvement over the existing state-of-the-art approaches.

The Now-or-Never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten H. Christiansen ◽  
Nick Chater
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language System ◽  
New Material ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Duality Of Patterning ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMemory is fleeting. New material rapidly obliterates previous material. How, then, can the brain deal successfully with the continual deluge of linguistic input? We argue that, to deal with this “Now-or-Never” bottleneck, the brain must compress and recode linguistic input as rapidly as possible. This observation has strong implications for the nature of language processing: (1) the language system must “eagerly” recode and compress linguistic input; (2) as the bottleneck recurs at each new representational level, the language system must build a multilevel linguistic representation; and (3) the language system must deploy all available information predictively to ensure that local linguistic ambiguities are dealt with “Right-First-Time”; once the original input is lost, there is no way for the language system to recover. This is “Chunk-and-Pass” processing. Similarly, language learning must also occur in the here and now, which implies that language acquisition is learning to process, rather than inducing, a grammar. Moreover, this perspective provides a cognitive foundation for grammaticalization and other aspects of language change. Chunk-and-Pass processing also helps explain a variety of core properties of language, including its multilevel representational structure and duality of patterning. This approach promises to create a direct relationship between psycholinguistics and linguistic theory. More generally, we outline a framework within which to integrate often disconnected inquiries into language processing, language acquisition, and language change and evolution.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI BERBASIS IQ, SQ DAN EQ

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atik Wartini
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Quantum Learning ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Early Childhood Learning ◽  
The Brain

The article is a discussion on the brain, which consists of the left and right hemispheres. It focuses on the cross functioning of right and left brains by showing the connection between the two as well as uncovering the functions of the brain elements for the early early childhood learning. It argues that in education, the brains have three different functions, i.e. the rational (IQ), the emotional (EQ), and and the spiritual (SQ). In neurosains, playing can stimulate the rational brain activation (IQ), singing (i.e. musics and arts) can stimulate the emotional brain activation (EQ), and story-telling can stimulate the spiritual brain activation (SQ). In addition, quantum learning, which is a strategy to employ motivation, to grow interests, and to build active learning, is closely connected with the brain performance.Keywords: Brain, Quantum Learning, Early Childhood Learning

scholarly journals Brain and Language: an overview of neuroimaging studies of bilingual language processing

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Augusto Buchweitz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Six articles combining the study of bilinguals and neuroimaging techniques are discussed. The objective is to seek for contributions from neuroimaging studies for the understanding of what goes on in the bilingual brain that processes two languages, and of what goes on, comparatively, in terms of brain activation of each language. Studies show that highly proficient bilinguals activate the same areas in the brain for both the first and second languages. This indicates that the second language becomes part of the speaker's procedural knowledge.

scholarly journals The P-chain: relating sentence production and its disorders to comprehension and acquisition

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1634) ◽  
pp. 20120394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Dell ◽  
Franklin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Connectionist Model ◽  
Adaptive Adjustment

This article introduces the P-chain, an emerging framework for theory in psycholinguistics that unifies research on comprehension, production and acquisition. The framework proposes that language processing involves incremental prediction, which is carried out by the production system. Prediction necessarily leads to prediction error, which drives learning, including both adaptive adjustment to the mature language processing system as well as language acquisition. To illustrate the P-chain, we review the Dual-path model of sentence production, a connectionist model that explains structural priming in production and a number of facts about language acquisition. The potential of this and related models for explaining acquired and developmental disorders of sentence production is discussed.

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