Priming and persistence in bilinguals: What codeswitching tells us about lexical priming in sentential contexts*

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Michael A. Johns ◽  
Laura Rodrigo ◽  
Rosa E. Guzzardo Tamargo ◽  
Aliza Winneg ◽  
Paola E. Dussias
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Speech Corpora ◽  
Identity Priming ◽  
Do So

Abstract Most studies on lexical priming have examined single words presented in isolation, despite language users rarely encountering words in such cases. The present study builds upon this by examining both within-language identity priming and across-language translation priming in sentential contexts. Highly proficient Spanish–English bilinguals read sentence-question pairs, where the sentence contained the prime and the question contained the target. At earlier stages of processing, we find evidence only of within-language identity priming; at later stages of processing, however, across-language translation priming surfaces, and becomes as strong as within-language identity priming. Increasing the time between the prime sentence and target question results in strengthened priming at the latest stages of processing. These results replicate previous findings at the single-word level but do so within sentential contexts, which has implications both for accounts of priming via automatic spreading activation as well as for accounts of persistence attested in spontaneous speech corpora.

scholarly journals Computer-assisted sign language translation: a study of translators’ practice to specify CAT software

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Kaczmarek ◽  
Michael Filhol
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Do So

AbstractProfessional Sign Language translators, unlike their text-to-text counterparts, are not equipped with computer-assisted translation (CAT) software. Those softwares are meant to ease the translators’ tasks. No prior study as been conducted on this topic, and we aim at specifying such a software. To do so, we based our study on the professional Sign Language translators’ practices and needs. The aim of this paper is to identify the necessary steps in the text-to-sign translation process. By filming and interviewing professionals for both objective and subjective data, we build a list of tasks and see if they are systematic and performed in a definite order. Finally, we reflect on how CAT tools could assist those tasks, how to adapt the existing tools to Sign Language and what is necessary to add in order to fit the needs of Sign Language translation. In the long term, we plan to develop a first prototype of CAT software for sign languages.

scholarly journals Who Did What and When? Using Word- and Clause-Level ERPs to Monitor Working Memory Usage in Reading

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. King ◽  
Marta Kutas
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Poor Comprehenders ◽  
Anterior Negativity ◽  
Object Relative

ERPs were recorded from 24 undergraduates as they read sentences known to differ in syntactic complexity and working memory requirements, namely Object and Subject Relative sentences. Both the single-word and multiword analyses revealed significant differences due to sentence type, while multiword ERPs also showed that sentence type effects differed for Good and Poor comprehenders. At the single-word level, ERPs to both verbs in Object Relative sentences showed a left anterior negativity between 300 and 500 msec postword-onset relative to those to Subject Relative verbs. At the multiword level, a slow frontal positivity characterized Subject Relative sentences, but was absent for Object Relatives. This slow positivity appears to index ease of processing or integration. and was more robust in Good than in Poor comprehenders.

Lexical priming in humorous satirical newspaper headlines

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Skalicky
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
American English ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Pragmatic Knowledge ◽  
Do So

Abstract Satire is a type of discourse commonly employed to mock or criticize a satirical target, typically resulting in humor. Current understandings of satire place strong emphasis on the role that background and pragmatic knowledge play during satire recognition. However, there may also be specific linguistic cues that signal a satirical intent. Researchers using corpus linguistic methods, specifically Lexical Priming, have demonstrated that other types of creative language use, such as irony, puns, and verbal jokes, purposefully deviate from expected language patterns (e.g. collocations). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether humorous satirical headlines also subvert typical linguistic patterns using the theory of Lexical Priming. In order to do so, a corpus of newspaper headlines taken from the satirical American newspaper The Onion are analyzed and compared to a generalized corpus of American English. Results of this analysis suggest satirical headlines exploit linguistic expectations through the use of low-frequency collocations and semantic preferences, but also contain higher discourse and genre level deviations that cannot be captured in the surface level linguistic features of the headlines.

scholarly journals The Effect of Syntactic Impairment on Errors in Reading Aloud: Text Reading and Comprehension of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Ronit Szterman ◽  
Naama Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Syntactic Movement ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Reading Errors ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Parallel Texts

Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) children show difficulties in reading aloud and comprehension of texts. Here, we examined the hypothesis that these reading difficulties are tightly related to the syntactic deficit displayed by DHH children. We first assessed the syntactic abilities of 32 DHH children communicating in spoken language (Hebrew) aged 9;1–12;2. We classified them into two groups of DHH children—with and without a syntactic deficit according to their performance in six syntactic tests assessing their comprehension and production of sentences with syntactic movement. We also assessed their reading at the single word level using a reading aloud test of words, nonwords, and word pairs, designed to detect the various types of dyslexia, and established, for each participant, whether they had dyslexia and of what type. Following this procedure, 14 of the children were identified with a syntactic deficit, and 15 with typical syntax (3 marginally impaired); 22 of the children had typical reading at the word level, and 4 had dyslexia (3 demonstrated sublexical reading). The main experiment examined reading aloud and comprehension of 6 texts with syntactic movement (which contained, e.g., relative clauses and topicalized sentences), in comparison to 6 parallel texts without movement. The results indicated a close connection between syntactic difficulties and errors in reading aloud and in comprehension of texts. The DHH children with syntactic deficit made significantly more errors in reading aloud and more comprehension errors than the DHH children with intact syntax (and than the hearing controls), even though most of them did not have dyslexia at the word level. The DHH children with syntactic deficit made significantly more reading errors when they read texts with syntactic movement than on matched texts without movement. These results indicate that difficulties in text reading, manifesting both in errors in reading aloud and in impaired comprehension, may stem from a syntactic deficit and may occur even when reading at the word level is completely intact.

scholarly journals Socio economic impact of undeclared blockade of India on Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuwaneswor Pant
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Do So

Indian unofficial or undeclared blocked was a terrible move. It was a move on the part of Indian diplomacy. India imposed it, it was very transparent but not acceptable. Diplomacy is getting thing done without speaking or telling nastiest words in nicest manner. What had happened in southern border of Nepal? What was Indian's role? The study attempts to find out the reason of undeclared blocked of 2015 and identify the socio economic impact of this blocked imposed during the dark days of great earthquake in Nepal. Can a neighbor do so? India did it but did not speak a single word. The study has been conducted to analyze the impacts of the issue. Library method and comparative review methods were applied to analyze the impacts it had on Nepal. They tried to minimize the Chinese Communists influences but the move was wrong. So, Nepalese citizens cast their vote to elect communist parties with full majority. Indian policy was concentrated on causing instability in Nepal. Nepalese diplomacy proved to be ineffective to put pressure on Indian government for amending the Sugauli Treaty and the Treaty of 1950 as well as addressing controversy over Kalapani, Susta and Lipulek. At the time of election, all the political parties raised the issue against India as KP Oli did and successfully won the election. The pain of blockade is not forgotten in the name of improving bilateral relations.Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies Vol.1(1) 2018 18-27

Early acquisition of verbs in Korean: a cross-linguistic study

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonja Choi ◽  
Alison Gopnik
Keyword(s):  
Single Word ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Korean Mothers ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Maternal Reports ◽  
Action Verbs ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTThis cross-linguistic study investigates children's early lexical development in English and Korean, and compares caregivers' linguistic input in the two languages. In Study 1, the lexical development of nine Korean children was followed from 1;2 to 1;10 by monthly visits and maternal reports. These Korean data were compared to previously collected English longitudinal data. We find that: (1) Korean children as young as 1;3 use verbs productively with appropriate inflections. (2) Seven of the nine children show a verb spurt at around 1;7; for six of these children the verb spurt occurs before the noun spurt. No such early verb spurt is found in the English data. Unlike in English, both verbs and nouns in Korean are dominant categories from the single-word stage. (3) Korean children express language-specific distinctions of locative actions with verbs. Study 2, a crosslinguistic study of caregivers' input in English and Korean, shows that Korean mothers provide more action verbs but fewer object nouns than American mothers. Also, Korean mothers engage in activity-oriented discourse significantly more than American mothers. Our study suggests that verbs are accessible to children from the beginning, and that they may be acquired early in children who are encouraged to do so by their language-specific grammar and input.

Exploring the Processing Continuum of Single-Word Comprehension in Aphasia

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Moineau ◽  
Nina F. Dronkers ◽  
Elizabeth Bates
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Broca’S Aphasia ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Processing Continuum

This study investigated the vulnerability of lexical processing in individuals with aphasia. Though classical teaching of aphasia syndromes holds that people with Broca's aphasia have intact comprehension at the single-word level, the nature and extent of this purported sparing were explored under suboptimal processing conditions. A combination of acoustic distortions (low-pass filtering and time compression) was used to probe for "break points" in lexical comprehension in a group of individuals with aphasia. Results suggest that accurate and efficient lexical processing is vulnerable to suboptimal listening climates, and that processing under these conditions reveals the continuous nature of the impairment of linguistic behaviors observed in individuals with aphasia.

scholarly journals Single Word Intelligibility of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease in Noise: Pre-Specified Secondary Outcome Variables from a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Comparing Two Intensive Speech Treatments (LSVT LOUD vs. LSVT ARTIC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Geralyn Schulz ◽  
Angela Halpern ◽  
Jennifer Spielman ◽  
Lorraine Ramig ◽  
Ira Panzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control

The majority of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience both prosodic changes (reduced vocal volume, reduced pitch range) and articulatory changes (imprecise articulation) that often limit speech intelligibility and may contribute to significant declines in quality of life. We conducted a randomized control trial comparing two intensive treatments, voice (LSVT LOUD) or articulation (LSVT ARTIC) to assess single word intelligibility in the presence of background noise (babble and mall). Participants (64 PD and 20 Healthy) read words from the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT), an ANSI Standard for measuring intelligibility of speech, before and after one month (treatment or no treatment). Teams of trained listeners blindly rated the data. Speech intelligibility of words in the presence of both noise conditions improved in PD participants who had LSVT LOUD compared to the groups that had LSVT ARTIC or no treatment. Intensive speech treatment targeting prominent prosodic variables in LSVT LOUD had a positive effect on speech intelligibility at the single word level in PD.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN EUROPEAN AND CANADIAN FRENCH VERSIONS OF AN ANIMATED MOVIE’S ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK

FRANCISOLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Iona Stella LUMBAN TOBING ◽  
Myrna LAKSMAN-HUNTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Poetry Translation

 RÉSUMÉ. Comme un processus qui implique plusieurs langues, traduction peut être appliquée à diverses formes de médias, tels que des films, des livres et des chansons. Dans les traductions de film, ce processus parfois inclut non seulement les dialogues, mais aussi les chansons (bande originale). Cette étude vise à décrire l’application de stratégies de traduction dans deux versions françaises (européenne et canadienne) de bande-son de The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride. Les chercheurs utilisent deux théories de stratégies d’application : traduction de la poésie (Lefevere, 1975) et traduction sur le plan lexical (Baker, 1992). Après l’analyse, les auteurs prennent une conclusion que les résultats variés de la traduction sont fortement influencés par interprétation et aucun problème de non-équivalence ne se trouve.  Mots-clés : bande-son, dessins animés, paroles, stratégies de la traduction.   ABSTRACT. As a process that involves more than one language, translation can be applied in various forms of media, such as film, books and songs. In movie translations, this process sometimes includes not only the dialogues, but also the songs (original soundtrack). This study aims to describe the application of translation strategies in two French versions (European and Canadian) of The Lion King II: Simba’s Pride’s original soundtrack. The authors use two theories of translation strategies: Lefevere’s poetry translation (1975) and Baker’s word-level translation (1992). After the analysis was done, the author concluded that the various results of translation were heavily influenced by interpretation, but that no non-equivalence problem was found however. Keywords: cartoon, lyrics, soundtrack, translation strategies.

Figuration, lexis and cultural resonance

Pragmatics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Charteris-Black
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Cultural Resonance ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is a corpus based study of the cultural meaning of figuration in the Malay lexicon. Initially, polysemy is examined for evidence of figurative conceptualisation at the single word level for two body part terms, mata ‘the eye’ and kaki ‘the foot /leg’. Compound forms are then examined to identify the extent to which similar conceptualisations are found. Finally, figurative phraseological units (simpulan bahasd) are examined for figurative conceptualisations. We consider the relationship between figurative meaning at the phraseological and lexical levels. The identification of figurative language is made with reference to dictionaries and its saliency is gauged with reference to a corpus of contemporary Malay.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document