scholarly journals Life-course socio-economic factors, skin colour and abdominal obesity in adulthood in a Brazilian birth cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2225-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A González ◽  
Aydin Nazmi ◽  
John S Yudkin ◽  
Cesar G Victora
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Economic Position

AbstractObjectiveObesity is an increasingly prevalent nutritional disorder throughout the world. In particular, abdominal obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of skin colour and life-course socio-economic indicators on waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist:hip ratio (WHR) in young adults.DesignPopulation-based birth cohort study. Individuals born in 1982 in Pelotas (southern Brazil) were visited on a number of occasions from birth to age 23–24 years. A sample of the cohort was sought in 2006 and 972 individuals were located. The analysis was restricted to individuals with complete data available (442 males, 414 females).ResultsIn men, family income at birth and in 2004–5 were positively associated with WC and HC, but not with WHR. Regardless of current income, men born to wealthier families had larger WC and HC as adults. Skin colour was not associated with any of the outcomes. In women, early poverty was associated with smaller HC, and current poverty with larger WC. Poverty at any age thus led to higher WHR. Black women had larger WC and HC than white women, but there were no differences in WHR. All the associations were partially mediated by education and behavioural variables.ConclusionsThe effects of early socio-economic position on WC and HC persist even after adjustment for adult socio-economic position, highlighting the importance of interventions during the first years of life.

scholarly journals Association of family income with BMI from childhood to adult life: a birth cohort study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P Gigante ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Alícia Matijasevich ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Fernando C Barros
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
White Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of family income at birth with BMI among young adults who have been followed since birth.DesignA birth cohort study.SettingIn 1982, all children born in Pelotas, southern Brazil, were included in a perinatal survey and visited at ages 1, 2, 4, 15, 18–19 and 23 years.SubjectsCohort members (n 4297) were traced and interviewed in 2004–2005. In all follow-ups, participants were weighed and measured, and BMI and prevalence of obesity were calculated for each age. Family income was obtained in minimum wages in 1982 and as a continuous variable, in reais, in later follow-ups. Skin colour was self-reported in 2004–2005.ResultsMean BMI and prevalence of obesity differed between males and females. In males, a direct relationship was found throughout life and among females this relationship was modified by age. During childhood, BMI was higher among girls from higher income groups and this association was inversed at age 23 years. At this same age, mean BMI among black women was 1·3 kg/m2 higher than among white women, even after adjustment for current family income.ConclusionsThe findings show in men that the relationship between income and BMI is similar to that seen in less developed areas, whereas among adult women the relationship is similar to that observed in developed countries. In addition to the effect of socio-economic status, skin colour also has an influence on the BMI of adult women.

Effect of life-course family income trajectories on periodontitis: Birth cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena S. Schuch ◽  
Karen G. Peres ◽  
Flavio F. Demarco ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
Denise P. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Socio-economic position at four time points across the life course and all-cause mortality: updated results from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Amy Heshmati ◽  
Gita D Mishra ◽  
Anna Goodman ◽  
Ilona Koupil
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Saturated Model ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Multigenerational Study

Socio-economic position (SEP) is associated with all-cause mortality across all stages of the life course; however, it is valuable to distinguish at what time periods SEP has the most influence on mortality. Our aim was to investigate whether the effect of SEP on all-cause mortality accumulates over the life course or if some periods of the life course are more important. Our study population were from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, born 1915–29 at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. We followed 3,951 men and 3,601 women who had SEP at birth available, during childhood (at age ten), in adulthood (ages 30–45) and in later life (ages 50–65) from 15 September 1980 until emigration, death or until 31 December 2010. We compared a set of nested Cox proportional regression models, each corresponding to a specific life course model (critical, sensitive and accumulation models), to a fully saturated model, to ascertain which model best describes the relationship between SEP and mortality. Analyses were stratified by gender. For both men and women the effect of SEP across the life course on all-cause mortality is best described by the sensitive period model, whereby being advantaged in later life (ages 50–65 years) provides the largest protective effect. However, the linear accumulation model also provided a good fit of the data for women suggesting that improvements in SEP at any stage of the life course corresponds to a decrease in all-cause mortality.

Racial differences in lipid metabolism in women with abdominal obesity

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. R944-R950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
White Women ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion

We evaluated palmitate rate of appearance (Ra) in plasma during basal conditions and during a four-stage epinephrine infusion plus pancreatic hormonal clamp in nine white and nine black women with abdominal obesity, who were matched on fat-free mass, total and percent body fat, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. On the basis of single-slice magnetic resonance imaging analysis, black women had the same amount of subcutaneous abdominal fat but less intra-abdominal fat than white women (68 ± 9 vs. 170 ± 14 cm2, P < 0.05). Basal palmitate Rawas lower in black than in white women (1.95 ± 0.26 vs. 2.88 ± 0.23 μmol · kg fat-free mass−1 · min−1, P < 0.005), even though plasma insulin and catecholamine concentrations were the same in both groups. Palmitate Ra across a physiological range of plasma epinephrine concentrations remained lower in black women, because the increase in palmitate Ra during epinephrine infusion was the same in both groups. We conclude that basal and epinephrine-stimulated palmitate Ra is lower in black than in white women with abdominal obesity. The differences in basal palmitate kinetics are not caused by alterations in plasma insulin or catecholamine concentrations or lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine. The lower rate of whole body fatty acid flux and smaller intra-abdominal fat mass may have clinical benefits because of the relationship between excessive fatty acid availability and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Birthweight, lifetime obesity and physical functioning in mid-adulthood: a nationwide birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Trivedy Rogers ◽  
Chris Power ◽  
Snehal M Pinto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Evidence is scant on long-term implications of childhood obesity and body mass index (BMI) gains over the life-course for poor physical functioning (PF). The objective was to establish whether (i) birthweight and BMI across the life-course, (ii) BMI gains at specific life-stages and (iii) age of obesity onset were associated with PF at 50 y. Methods In the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 8674), BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using height and weight [measured (7, 11, 16, 33 and 45 y); self-reported (23 and 50 y)]. PF was assessed at 50 y using the validated PF subscale of the Short-form 36 survey; the bottom (gender-specific) 10% was classified as poor PF. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Associations were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for health and social factors. Results Birthweight was not associated with PF. At each adult age, odds of poor PF were highest for obese (vs normal), e.g. for 23 y obesity the odds ratio (OR)adjusted for poor PF was 2.28 (1.34, 3.91) and 2.67 (1.72, 4.14) in males and females respectively. BMI gains were associated with poor PF, e.g. for females, ORadjusted per standard deviation (SD) in BMI gain 16–23 y was 1.28 (1.13, 1.46); for BMI gains 45–50 y it was 1.36 (1.11, 1.65). Longer duration of obesity was associated with poor PF, e.g. in males, ORadjusted was 2.32 (1.26, 4.29) for childhood obesity onset and 1.50 (1.16, 1.96) for mid-adulthood onset (vs never obese, P-trend &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Obesity, BMI gains, and earlier obesity onset were associated with poor PF in mid-adulthood, reinforcing the importance of preventing and delaying obesity onset.

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