scholarly journals Evaluation of using spot urine to replace 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretions

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline JC Hooft van Huysduynen ◽  
Paul JM Hulshof ◽  
Linde van Lee ◽  
Anouk Geelen ◽  
Edith JM Feskens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractObjectiveThe most accurate method to estimate Na and K intakes is to determine 24 h urinary excretions of these minerals. However, collecting 24 h urine is burdensome. Therefore it was studied whether spot urine could be used to replace 24 h urine samples.DesignParticipants collected 24 h urine and kept one voiding sample separate. Na, K and creatinine concentrations were analysed in both 24 h and spot urine samples. Also 24 h excretions of Na and K were predicted from spot urine concentrations using the Tanaka and Danish methods.SettingIn 2011 and 2012, urine samples were collected and brought to the study centre at Wageningen University, the Netherlands.SubjectsWomen (n147) aged 19–26 years.ResultsAccording top-aminobenzoic acid excretions, 127 urine collections were complete. Correlations of Na:creatinine, K:creatinine and Na:K between spot urine and 24 h urine were 0·68, 0·57 and 0·64, respectively. Mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 21·2 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 131·6 mmol/d and mean 24 h Na excretion predicted with the Danish method was similar (difference 3·2 mmol/d,P=0·417) to the measured excretion. The mean 24 h K excretion predicted with the Tanaka method was higher (difference 13·6 mmol/d,P<0·001) than the measured excretion of 66·8 mmol/d. Bland–Altman plots showed large individual differences between predicted and measured 24 h Na and K excretions.ConclusionsThe ratios of Na:creatinine and K:creatinine in spot urine were reasonably well associated with their respective ratios in 24 h urine and appear to predict mean 24 h Na excretion of these young, Caucasian women.

Low correlation between morning spot and 24-hour urine samples for estimating sodium intake in an Iranian population: Isfahan Salt Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Mojagn Gharipour ◽  
Zahra Abdollahi ◽  
Fatemeh Nouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Tanaka Formula

Abstract. Introduction: Although difficult, the 24-hour urine sodium excretion is still considered as the gold standard method to estimate salt intake. The current study aimed to assess the validity of using spot urine samples in comparison with the standard 24-hour urine collection to estimate sodium and potassium intake in healthy Iranian adults. Methods and subjects: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1099 healthy Iranians aged 18–69 years. Samples of 24-hour and fasting morning spot urine were collected to measure sodium and potassium excretions. Tanaka’s formula was utilized to predict the 24-hour sodium and potassium urinary excretions based on the spot values. Results: The difference between measured and estimated sodium excretion values was 4265 mg/day (95% CI: 4106–4424; P < 0.001) and 2242 mg/day in case of potassium excretion (95% CI: 2140–2344; P < 0.001). There was a weak significant correlation between the 24-hour urine sodium and potassium excretion and the predicted values (intraclass correlations: 0.22 and 0.28, respectively; both P < 0.001). Conclusion: The weak association between the predicted and measured values of sodium and potassium along with the marked overestimation of daily sodium and potassium excretions based on the spot urine and using Tanaka formula indicates that Tanaka formula is not practical for the prediction of sodium and potassium or salt intake in Iranian adults. Using other spot urine sampling times and/or adopting a formula designed based on the characteristics of the Iranian population may increase the validity of spot urine tests.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Spot Urine Sodium, 24 Hour Urinary Sodium and Food Frequency Questionnairein Estimation of Salt Intake in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jaafar Maryam Kamiliah ◽  
Nordin Nani ◽  
Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Background:Salt intake is a known contributor to increased blood pressure. However, it is rarely monitored in clinical practice. 24-hr urinary sodium (24-HrNa) is the gold standard method to estimate salt intake but this method is rather burdensome.Objective: The objective of this study is to correlate between spot urine sodium (SUNa), 24-HrNa and Na intake estimation by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (FFQNa).Methods : 430 healthy participants aged between 20-40 years old were recruited. Second morning voided urine samples were obtained from all participants to estimate SUNa. 24-HrNa samples were obtained from 77 out of 430 participants. All participants were required to answer a validated FFQ. Urine samples were analysed for Na using indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method. Daily sodium intake was calculated from the FFQ.Results:The mean daily sodium intake from 24-hrNa (n=77) was 155 mmol/day, SUNa (n=430) was 158 mmol/L and FFQNa (n=430) was 271 mmol/day. There was a moderate correlation between SUNa and 24-hrNa (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.000). No correlation was seen between both 24-hrNa and SUNa with FFQNa (ρ = 0.035, P = 0.768 and ρ = 0.026, P = 0.597 respectively).Conclusion: Spot urine Na is a simple cost-effective method to estimate daily Na intake and has the potential to replace 24-hour urinary Na.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 74-80

scholarly journals Diagnostic usefulness of the spot urine sodium/potassium ratio in cirrhotic patients with ascites

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253886
Author(s):  
Jin Wook Lee ◽  
Jae Seok Hwang ◽  
Woo Jin Chung ◽  
Heon Ju Lee ◽  
Jung Gil Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Diet Compliance ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Background and aims The low-salt diet is considered important for control of ascites in cirrhotic patients. To validate whether the spot urine sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio could replace 24-h urine Na (uNa) excretion in assessing low-salt diet compliance. Methods We prospectively studied 175 patients. 24-h urine collection and spot urine collection were performed. Subsequently, 24-h uNa, urine creatinine (uCr), and spot urine Na and K were assessed. A complete urine collection was confirmed based on 24-h uCr excretion levels of 15mg/kg/day for men and 10mg/kg/day for women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the feasibility of spot urine Na/K ratio in predicting 24-h uNa greater than 78mmol/day. Results Out of 175 patients, 24-h urine samples were completely collected in 57 patients only. Moreover, urine samples were not completely collected in 118 patients because their 24-h uCr excretion level was less than the established criteria. In complete urine collection group, AUROC curve for spot urine Na/K ratio in predicting 24-h uNa greater than 78mmol/day was 0.874±0.051 (P<0.001). In the incomplete urine collection group, the AUROC was 0.832±0.039 (P<0.001). In complete urine collection group, the classical cutoff value greater than 1.0 of spot urine Na/K ratio showed 90.9% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity. Conclusions The spot urine Na/K ratio reflects 24-h uNa, but the AUROC value obtained in this study is lower than that of a previous study. Considered the large number of patients with incomplete urine collection, validating 24-h complete urine collection criteria is necessary.

Increased urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links in cancer patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lipton ◽  
L Demers ◽  
Y Daniloff ◽  
E Curley ◽  
C Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), two collagen-based cross-links found in bone, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in urine samples from 65 control subjects and 97 patients with either untreated or progressive cancer. Patients with cancer had significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher urine concentrations of PYD and DPD than did control subjects. Both cross-links were increased in cancer patients with and without clinically detectable bone metastases, although patients with bone and liver involvement had higher mean concentrations. The mean concentrations of both cross-links were also significantly higher in the urine samples of inpatients than in an outpatient ambulatory population. These findings suggest that the measurement of PYD and DPD in urine may be useful in assessing bone metastases and bone resorption in cancer patients.

Estimation of populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from spot urine samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Polonia ◽  
Mariana F. Lobo ◽  
Luis Martins ◽  
Fernando Pinto ◽  
Jose Nazare
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Estimation of populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from spot urine samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot ◽  
Adrien Joseph ◽  
Martin Flamant
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Association of blood pressure with estimates of 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from repeated single-spot urine samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno ◽  
Taichiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Single Spot ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Accuracy of equations for predicting 24-h urinary potassium excretion from spot urine samples in Chinese children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Nie ◽  
Yaguang Peng ◽  
Siyu Cai ◽  
Zehao Wu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Accurate assessments of potassium intake in children are important for the early prevention of CVD. Currently, there is no simple approach for accurate estimation of potassium intake in children. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of 24-h urinary potassium excretion (24UKV) estimation in children using three common equations: the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, in a hospital-based setting. A total of 151 participants aged 5–18 years were initially enrolled, and spot urine samples were collected in the whole 24-h duration to measure the concentrations of potassium and creatinine. We calculated the mean difference, absolute and relative difference and misclassification rate between measured 24UKV and the predicted ones using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas in 129 participants. The mean measured 24UKV was 1193·3 mg/d in our study. Mean differences between estimated and measured 24UKV were 1215·6, −14·9 and 230·3 mg/d by the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. All estimated 24UKV were significantly different from the measured values in all the time point (all P < 0·05), except for the predicted values from Tanaka formula using morning, afternoon and evening spot urine. The proportions with relative differences over 40 % were 87·2%, 32·5% and 47·3 % for Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. Misclassification rates were 91·5 % for Kawasaki, 44·4 % for Tanaka and 58·9 % for Mage formula at the individual level. Our findings showed that misclassification could occur on the individual level when using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas to estimate 24UKV from spot urine in the child population.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3113-3131
Author(s):  
Kelsey Beckford ◽  
Carley A. Grimes ◽  
Claire Margerison ◽  
Lynn J. Riddell ◽  
Sheila A. Skeaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose Urinary iodine concentration (UIC (μg/ml) from spot urine samples collected from school-aged children is used to determine the iodine status of populations. Some studies further extrapolate UIC to represent daily iodine intake, based on the assumption that children pass approximately 1 L urine over 24-h, but this has never been assessed in population studies. Therefore, the present review aimed to collate and produce an estimate of the average 24-h urine volume of children and adolescents (> 1 year and < 19 years) from published studies. Methods EBSCOHOST and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies which reported the mean 24-h urinary volume of healthy children (> 1 year and < 19 years). The overall mean (95% CI) estimate of 24-h urine volume was determined using a random effects model, broken down by age group. Results Of the 44 studies identified, a meta-analysis of 27 studies, with at least one criterion for assessing the completeness of urine collections, indicated that the mean urine volume of 2–19 year olds was 773 (654, 893) (95% CI) mL/24-h. When broken down by age group, mean (95% CI) 24-h urine volume was 531 mL/day (454, 607) for 2–5 year olds, 771 mL/day (734, 808) for 6–12 year olds, and 1067 mL/day (855, 1279) for 13–19 year olds. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the average urine volume of children aged 2–12 years is less than 1 L, therefore, misclassification of iodine intakes may occur when urine volumes fall below or above 1 L. Future studies utilizing spot urine samples to assess iodine status should consider this when extrapolating UIC to represent iodine intakes of a population.

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