scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3113-3131
Author(s):  
Kelsey Beckford ◽  
Carley A. Grimes ◽  
Claire Margerison ◽  
Lynn J. Riddell ◽  
Sheila A. Skeaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose Urinary iodine concentration (UIC (μg/ml) from spot urine samples collected from school-aged children is used to determine the iodine status of populations. Some studies further extrapolate UIC to represent daily iodine intake, based on the assumption that children pass approximately 1 L urine over 24-h, but this has never been assessed in population studies. Therefore, the present review aimed to collate and produce an estimate of the average 24-h urine volume of children and adolescents (> 1 year and < 19 years) from published studies. Methods EBSCOHOST and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies which reported the mean 24-h urinary volume of healthy children (> 1 year and < 19 years). The overall mean (95% CI) estimate of 24-h urine volume was determined using a random effects model, broken down by age group. Results Of the 44 studies identified, a meta-analysis of 27 studies, with at least one criterion for assessing the completeness of urine collections, indicated that the mean urine volume of 2–19 year olds was 773 (654, 893) (95% CI) mL/24-h. When broken down by age group, mean (95% CI) 24-h urine volume was 531 mL/day (454, 607) for 2–5 year olds, 771 mL/day (734, 808) for 6–12 year olds, and 1067 mL/day (855, 1279) for 13–19 year olds. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the average urine volume of children aged 2–12 years is less than 1 L, therefore, misclassification of iodine intakes may occur when urine volumes fall below or above 1 L. Future studies utilizing spot urine samples to assess iodine status should consider this when extrapolating UIC to represent iodine intakes of a population.

scholarly journals Perbandingan kandungan iodium dalam urin antara sampel urin 24 jam dan on spot pada anak usia sekolah

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Widya Ayu Kurnia Putri ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Hidayat Syarif ◽  
Leily Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background: Urine Iodine Concentration (UIC) is the indicator to assess iodine status. UIC from 24-hour urine collection appropriate to used as a direct measure of the iodine status and helps to validate the estimates intake of iodine. 24-hours urine collection is not practical in large studies and epidemiological surveys because it is quite difficult to complete and accurate collection. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommend the use of on spot urine collection.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare of 24-hour urine collection and spot urine collection for the assessment UIC in children.Method: The cross-sectional study was applied in Bogor. UIC was measured in 24-hour urine and parallel collected three spot urine namely on spot 1 collected morning, on spot 2 collected afternoon, and on spot 3 collected evening, sample urine collected from 44 healthy children age 10-13 years. UIC of 24-hour urine and one spot urine analyzed in the laboratory GAKY FK UNDIP using acid digestion method.Results: The average UIC from 24-hour urine collection was 179.77 ± 56.4 µg/l and UIC from on spot urine collection were on spot morning 145.30 ± 63.6 µg/l, on spot afternoon 159.95 ± 64.5 µg/l, and on spot evening 167.50 ± 66.1 µg/l. However, UIC correlation between UIC from on spot afternoon and UIC 24-hour (r = 0.456) with 66.67 % sensitivity and 75.61 % specificity.Conclusion: UIC urine samples from lunch to dinner more accurately reflects the UIC 24 hours to categorize the iodine status of the population. UIC from spot urine samples collected on the afternoon can be used as an alternative to evaluate the iodine status of school-age children.

Abstract 170: Re-evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness by Z-score in Children and Adolescents After Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Noto ◽  
Masataka Kato ◽  
Yuriko Abe ◽  
Hiroshi Kamiyama ◽  
Kensuke Karasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable screening method for vascular alterations even in a pediatric cohort; however, reference values of CIMT established recently by LMS methods for childhood and adolescence are limited when comparing patients after Kawasaki disease (KD) and controls. We tested the hypothesis that there are significant differences between the values of CIMT expressed as absolute values and z-scores in children and adolescents after KD and controls. Methods: We reviewed 12 published articles regarding CIMT on patients after KD and controls. Absolute values (Ab) of the mean±1 SD of CIMT in patients after KD and controls were transformed to z-scores (Zs) using age-specific reference values established by Jourdan et al. (J: 247 Caucasian subjects aged 10-20 years) and our own data (O: 175 Asian subjects aged 6-20 years), and the results were compared between the two references. In this study, the mean age of the study population derived from each article was designated the representative age for transformation. Results: In either reference (J) or (O), there was no significant sex difference in CIMT at any given age. The mean CIMT of (Ab) and (Zs) transformed by (J) or (O) were significantly different between patients after KD and controls, at 41.6% (Ab), 66.6% (Zs) by (J), and 83.3% (Zs) by (O) among 12 articles, respectively. Therefore, patients after KD had significantly higher (Zs) by (O) than those of controls (0.66±0.71 vs. 0.03±0.68, p=0.006, respectively). Compared with reference values, the controls of (O) were within the normal range. However, there were no significant differences in (Zs) by (J) between the two groups (1.72±0.77 vs. 1.23±0.83, p=0.116, respectively). When we assessed 9 articles dealing with Asian subjects, the difference of (Zs) between the two groups remained significant only by (O) (p=0.015). In contrast, when we assessed 3 articles dealing with mainly Caucasian subjects, there was no significant difference in (Zs) between the two groups with both (J) and (O). Conclusions: These results indicate that age and race-specific reference values for CIMT are mandatory for performing an accurate assessment of the vascular status in healthy children and adolescents and particularly in those after KD.

scholarly journals Ultrasound measurement of thyroid volume in euthyroid children under 3 years of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Luís Ronan Marquez Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Nathalie de Almeida Sedassari ◽  
Eduarda Lemes Dias ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Mattos Dib ◽  
Heloisa Marcelina Cunha Palhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Objective: To establish ultrasound reference values for thyroid volumes in children up to 3 years of age, given that ultrasound of the thyroid is an essential examination in the diagnosis of childhood thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in an iodine-sufficient city in southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 healthy children underwent clinical evaluation, anthropometric examination, and cervical ultrasound in accordance with conventional protocols. We evaluated characteristics such as echotexture, thyroid lobe volume, and total thyroid volume. The children were divided into five groups, by age: < 2 months; 2-12 months; 12-18 months; 18-24 months; and 24-36 months. Results: The mean thyroid volume was lower in the < 2 month age group than in the other groups (0.4 mL vs. 0.18-0.70 mL; p < 0.001). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, the mean volume was 1.0 mL (range, 0.30-2.0 mL). No other significant differences were observed between groups, thyroid lobes, or gender. However, body mass index correlated significantly with total thyroid volume (r = 0.347; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The mean thyroid dimensions were smallest in the < 2 month age group (0.35 ± 0.16 mL). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, a reference value of 0.85 ± 0.42 mL can be used. Our data could guide the diagnostic investigation of thyroid disease, especially congenital hypothyroidism, in childhood.

scholarly journals The Effects of Including Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment Protocol of Concussions: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sofie De Wandel ◽  
Tracey Sulak ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.

Relative validity of FFQ to assess food items, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Saravia ◽  
Maria L. Miguel-Berges ◽  
Iris Iglesia ◽  
Marcus V. Nascimento-Ferreira ◽  
Guillermo Perdomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Dietary Assessment Method

Abstract FFQ are one of the most widely used tools of research into nutritional epidemiology, and many studies have been conducted in several countries using this dietary assessment method. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of FFQ, in comparison with other methods, in assessing dietary intake of children and adolescents, through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) found sixty-seven articles, which met the inclusion criteria (healthy children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age; journal articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1988 and March 2019; results showing the comparison between the FFQ with other methods of assessment of dietary intake). The articles were analysed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using correlation coefficients as estimate effects between the FFQ and the reference standard method. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. In fifty-five of the sixty-seven studies, a single dietary assessment method was used to evaluate the FFQ; nine combined the two methods and three used three reference methods. The most widely used reference method was the 24-h recall, followed by the food record. The overall relative validity of the FFQ to estimate energy, macronutrient, certain micronutrient and certain food item intakes in children and adolescents may be considered weak. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016038706.

The association of milk and dairy consumption with iodine status in pregnant women in Oporto region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Cátia Pinheiro ◽  
Cláudia Matta Coelho ◽  
Juliana Guimarães ◽  
Gonçalo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The role of milk and dairy products in supplying iodine to pregnant women is unknown in Portugal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between milk and dairy product consumption and the iodine status of pregnant women in the IoMum cohort of the Oporto region. Pregnant women were recruited between 10 and 13 weeks of gestation, when they provided a spot urine sample and information on lifestyle and intake of iodine-rich foods. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined by inductively coupled plasma MS. A total of 468 pregnant women (269 iodine supplement users and 199 non-supplement users) were considered eligible for analysis. Milk (but not yogurt or cheese) intake was positively associated with UIC, in the whole population (P = 0·02) and in the non-supplement users (P = 0·002), but not in the supplement users (P = 0·29). In non-supplement users, adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that milk consumption <3 times/month was associated with a five times increased risk of having UIC < 50 µg/l when compared with milk consumption ≥2 times/d (OR 5·4; 95 % CI 1·55, 18·78; P = 0·008). The highest UIC was observed in supplement users who reported consuming milk once per d (160 µg/l). Milk, but not yogurt or cheese, was positively associated with iodine status of pregnant women. Despite the observed positive association, daily milk consumption may not be sufficient to ensure adequate iodine intake in this population.

scholarly journals Is the urinary iodine/Creatinine ratio applicable to assess individual iodine status in Chinese adults? Comparison of iodine estimates from 24-hour urine and timed-spot urine samples in different periods of the day

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuan Liu ◽  
Yixuan Lin ◽  
Jiani Wu ◽  
Diqun Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is routinely used to evaluate the population iodine status while the uniform method for the individual level assessment is uncertain. Objectives : To explore the 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in five different periods of the day and the corresponding prediction equations respect by the use of creatinine-corrected UIC. Methods: We collected 24-hour, spot and fasting urine in five periods of the day to estimate 24-hour UIE by the six different prediction equations. We compared the estimated creatinine-corrected UIC to the collected 24-hour UIE and identified the most suitable equations in each period of the day. Results: Among the six different prediction equations, the equation of Kawasaki T was the best to estimate the 24-hour UIE by fasting urine among Chinese adults. Among the five periods of time, the equation of Knudsen N was the best to estimate the 24-hour UIE except the morning period. Conclusion: Urinary iodine status at the individual level could be estimated by different creatinine-based equations at different periods of the day.

scholarly journals Foot Arch Posture Development in Children and Adolescents aged 6 to 19 Years: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Mahmoudzadeh ◽  
Roghayyeh Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The arch height index (AHI) is a commonly used method for measuring foot arch posture. However, there are little studies have investigated the natural growth and normative values of the foot arch using the AHI. The objective of this study was to establish normative and cut-off values for foot arch posture and to identify factors influencing foot arch posture across childhood and adolescence. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 3532 healthy children and adolescents (1804 boys, 1728 girls; aged 6 to 19 years) was recruited for the navicular height (NH) and AHI measurements and anthropometry assessment (weight, height, BMI and foot length). Data were explored descriptively and graphically, comparisons between groups used t-tests or ANOVA model as appropriate and a multiple regressions was conducted. The 95% and 68% prediction intervals were used as cut-off values. Results : approximately 69% had a normal AHI range, 12% low arched foot, 3% severely low arched, 14% high arched and 1.8% severely high arched foot. The mean (SD) AHI was 15.16 (2.61). Very little gender bias was found for AHI values, being higher in males 15.32 (2.54) than in females 15.0 (2.68) ( p = .019). Regression showed approximately 3%, 0.3% and 2% of the AHI change was explained by age, BMI and foot length, respectively. The mean NH significantly increased from the age of 6 (2.62 cm) to 19 (4.20 cm). Conclusions: This study confirms that the ‘flexible flatfoot’ or low arched foot decreases with age. Simultaneously, increase of high arched foot type and shift in foot posture towards more normal foot type are also confirmed. BMI does not seem to be an important determinant of children foot arch posture. Keywords: Foot posture, Navicular height, Arch height index, Normative values, Medial longitudinal arch, Foot arch development, Children, Adolescents

Accuracy of equations for predicting 24-h urinary potassium excretion from spot urine samples in Chinese children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Nie ◽  
Yaguang Peng ◽  
Siyu Cai ◽  
Zehao Wu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Accurate assessments of potassium intake in children are important for the early prevention of CVD. Currently, there is no simple approach for accurate estimation of potassium intake in children. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of 24-h urinary potassium excretion (24UKV) estimation in children using three common equations: the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, in a hospital-based setting. A total of 151 participants aged 5–18 years were initially enrolled, and spot urine samples were collected in the whole 24-h duration to measure the concentrations of potassium and creatinine. We calculated the mean difference, absolute and relative difference and misclassification rate between measured 24UKV and the predicted ones using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas in 129 participants. The mean measured 24UKV was 1193·3 mg/d in our study. Mean differences between estimated and measured 24UKV were 1215·6, −14·9 and 230·3 mg/d by the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. All estimated 24UKV were significantly different from the measured values in all the time point (all P < 0·05), except for the predicted values from Tanaka formula using morning, afternoon and evening spot urine. The proportions with relative differences over 40 % were 87·2%, 32·5% and 47·3 % for Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. Misclassification rates were 91·5 % for Kawasaki, 44·4 % for Tanaka and 58·9 % for Mage formula at the individual level. Our findings showed that misclassification could occur on the individual level when using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas to estimate 24UKV from spot urine in the child population.

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