scholarly journals Malnutrition and related risk factors in older adults from different health-care settings: an enable study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kiesswetter ◽  
Miriam G Colombo ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Annette Peters ◽  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

AbstractObjective:The origin of malnutrition in older age is multifactorial and risk factors may vary according to health and living situation. The present study aimed to identify setting-specific risk profiles of malnutrition in older adults and to investigate the association of the number of individual risk factors with malnutrition.Design:Data of four cross-sectional studies were harmonized and uniformly analysed. Malnutrition was defined as BMI < 20 kg/m2 and/or weight loss of >3 kg in the previous 3–6 months. Associations between factors of six domains (demographics, health, mental function, physical function, dietary intake-related problems, dietary behaviour), the number of individual risk factors and malnutrition were analysed using logistic regression.Setting:Community (CD), geriatric day hospital (GDH), home care (HC), nursing home (NH).Participants:CD older adults (n 1073), GDH patients (n 180), HC receivers (n 335) and NH residents (n 197), all ≥65 years.Results:Malnutrition prevalence was lower in CD (11 %) than in the other settings (16–19 %). In the CD sample, poor appetite, difficulties with eating, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were associated with malnutrition; in GDH patients, poor appetite and respiratory diseases; in HC receivers, younger age, poor appetite and nausea; and in NH residents, older age and mobility limitations. In all settings the likelihood of malnutrition increased with the number of potential individual risk factors.Conclusions:The study indicates a varying relevance of certain risk factors of malnutrition in different settings. However, the relationship of the number of individual risk factors with malnutrition in all settings implies comprehensive approaches to identify persons at risk of malnutrition early.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures risk factors in men aged 50 years and older

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
Natalya V. Toroptsova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Proximal Forearm ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Cross-sectional screening of random samples of men aged 50 years and older living in five cities (Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Tyumen, Krasnoyarsk, and Chelyabinsk) from three Federal Districts (FD) of the Russian Federation was conducted to evaluate the frequency of individual risk factors (RF) of osteoporotic fractures among them. Total 1330 men were included in the study.  We found that the most common were the following RF: smoking, prior fragility fractures after age 40, secondary causes of OP, insufficient calcium intake. Significantly more smokers were among males in Siberian (S) FD and North –Western (NW)FD compared with those from Ural (U) FD (p=0,0011 and p=0,047, respectively), the frequency of other RF did not differ depending on region. The рprevalence of osteoporosis according to peripheral x-ray densitometry of the proximal forearm was higher among residents of the UFD (26%) than among men in the NWFD (17%) and SFO (19%). More than 50% of men in each region had 2 or more RF, while those with 3 or more RF were significantly more in the UFD at any age, and at the age of 50-59 years - in the NWFD. Calcium intake was inadequate in 85% of the respondents in these regions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibabaw Bejano ◽  
Girma Shumie ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Eyuel Asemahagn ◽  
Demekech Damte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Benishangul Gumuz Region ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Abstract Background: Benishangul-Gumuz region is an important development corridor in Ethiopia. The large-scale projects; the great renaissance dam, mining and agriculture entailed huge environmental modification and settlement pattern changes. Detail epidemiological information of VL in the region is unknown. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study to assess the epidemiology and risk factors associated with Leishmania infection. Leishmanin skin test (LST) was done for 1342 participants, and for 253 of them rK39 and DAT were done. Thirty-six dogs owned by households with LST positive member(s) were rK39 and DAT tested. A pretested questionnaire was used to capture individual and household characteristics. Results: Of the 89.2% (1197/1342) who availed themselves for LST reading 6.0% were positive. The rk39 and DAT positivity among the 253 tested were 3.2% and 5.9% respectively. In dogs, positivity rates by rK39 and DAT were 13.9% and 5.6% respectively. Of the household and individual risk factors presence of dog in household (P=0.005), male sex (0.003), residence woreda (0.000) and occupation (0.023) showed a strong positive association with LST positivity. Individuals who lived in household who owned dogs were 2.6 times more likely to be LST positive (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI= 1.54, 4.40). Being female decreased by 0.38 times the probability of being LST positive (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20, 0.72). Living in Guba and Kurmuk has 4.7 (AOR=4.74, 95% CI 1.83, 12.31) and 5.9 (AOR=5.85, 95%CI 2.27, 15.09) times more risk of being infected. Conclusions: We demonstrated presence of active VL transmission in the areas. Thus, we underline the need to establish the responsible vector(s) and reservoir(s) for comprehensive early containment plan to prevent potentially harmful public health and economic consequence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error in Qinghai, China: a cross-sectional study in Han and Tibetan adults in Xining and surrounding areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Linyang Gan ◽  
Jiantao Cui ◽  
Guangliang Shan ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tibetan Population ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract Background Our study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of refractive error (RE) in Han and Tibetan population aged 50–79 years in Xining and surrounding areas in Qinghai Province on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods As part of the China National Health Survey, our cross-sectional study compared the age-adjusted prevalence of RE in Han and Tibetan older adults aged 50–79 years in Xining and surrounding areas. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for myopia and hyperopia. Results Among 769 Han participants and 476 Tibetan participants, the age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < − 0.5D), hyperopia (SE > + 0.5D), high myopia (SE < -6.0D) and astigmatism (cylindrical equivalent > = 0.5D) is 28.56, 22.82, 2.80, and 69.38%. Han participants have higher age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (32.93% vs 21.64%, p < 0.001), high myopia (3.93% vs 1.02%, p = 0.001) and astigmatism (72.14% vs 64.94%, p = 0.021) compared to Tibetan participants. Being Tibetan is the protective factor of myopia compared to being Han (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.42–0.79, p < 0.001). Older age (p = 0.032), longer time length in rural area (p = 0.048), undergraduate/graduate education level (p = 0.031), lighter active level (p = 0.007) and lower BMI (p = 0.015) are risk factors for myopia. Older age (all p < 0.001) and pterygium status of the same eye (p = 0.013) also increase the hyperopia risk. Conclusions Our study found an overall prevalence of myopia of 28.56% in Xining and surrounding areas in adults older than 50 years. Han population has higher myopia risk than Tibetan population. More medical and social resources should be allocated to improve the vision and life quality of older adults.

Distribution of short and lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease in Italians

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
Marco Olivieri ◽  
Amalia de Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Short Time

Background: Guidelines for primary prevention recommend calculation of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in addition to short-time risk. We aimed at evaluating the distribution of CVD lifetime risk and the percentage of Italians having low short-term, but high lifetime, risk. Design: Cross-sectional general population-based cohort study. Methods: We included 8,403 (46% men) cardiovascular disease-free individuals aged 35–50 years, among those randomly recruited in the framework of the MOLI-SANI cohort. Participants were stratified into three groups: low short-time (10-year) (≤3% and non diabetic)/low lifetime, low short-time/high lifetime, and high short-time risk. Short-time risk was evaluated by the equation provided by the Italian CUORE project. Lifetime risk was evaluated using the algorithm derived from the Framingham cohort. Results: High short-time risk was prevalent in 16% population (32% of men and 2% of women). Among individuals with low short-time risk, 80% had high lifetime risk (82% men and 78% women). The proportion of individuals with very low lifetime risk due to all optimal risk factors was 4.1% only (1.5% men and 6.3% women). Conclusions: A large proportion of Italian adults not qualified for CVD primary prevention because of their very low short-time predicted CVD risk, are in fact at high risk to develop a CVD event in their lifetime; therefore population-based approaches should be sought to modify the overall distribution of individual risk factors. These findings offer helpful information for policy makers involved in contrasting the burden of CVD, especially in women and young men.

scholarly journals Navigating the Treacherous Waters of Geriatric Complexity and Heterogeneity With the Help of Team Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 802-802
Author(s):  
George Kuchel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Geriatric Syndromes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

Abstract Multifactorial complexity and heterogeneity challenge the care of older adults and research into the pathophysiology of common geriatric syndromes. Multicomponent interventions matching intervention components with individual risk factors are grounded in precision medicine by ensuring that interventions may be offered to those who will more likely benefit, sparing expense and side effects for those who will not. Nonetheless, the development of mechanism-guided interventions has been hampered by failure to identify single mechanisms for effective targeting within this multifactorial complexity, a problem worsened by historical barriers between research disciplines and silos. Geroscience-guided interventions target biological hallmarks of aging representing mechanisms that geriatric syndromes share with aging. We will present examples of multidisciplinary bench-to-bedside translational science seeking to transform the care of common geriatric conditions as diverse as frailty, voiding disorders and immunization against influenza and pneumococcal infections via geroscience-guided therapies applied with a greater emphasis on heterogeneity of aging and targeting.

scholarly journals Association of workplace and population characteristics with prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian industry workers: a multilevel analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele B Vinholes ◽  
Sérgio L Bassanesi ◽  
Hilton de Castro Chaves Junior ◽  
Carlos Alberto Machado ◽  
Ione M F Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

BackgroundExposure to risk factors for hypertension may be influenced by the characteristics of the workplace, where workers spend most of their daily time.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between features of the companies, particularly the presence of facilities to provide meals, and of population characteristics and the prevalence of hypertension, taking into account individual risk factors for hypertension.Material and methodsThis multilevel analysis was based on a cross-sectional study with individual and company data from the SESI(Serviço Social da Indústria–Social Service of Industries)study and population-based data from the national census statistics. Workers aged ≥15 years were randomly selected from small (20–99), medium (100–499) and large (≥500 employees) companies per state using multistage sampling. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between hypertension and individual, workplace and population variables, with odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) adjusted for three-level variables.Results4818 Workers from 157 companies were interviewed and their blood pressure, weight and height were measured. Overall, 77% were men, aged 35.4 ±10.7 years, with 8.7 ±4.1 years of schooling and mostly worked in companies with a staff canteen (66%). Besides individual characteristics—being male, ageing, low schooling, alcohol abuse and higher BMI—a workplace with no staff canteen (OR=1.28; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.52), small companies (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.60) and living in cities with higher economic inequality (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76) were associated with a higher risk for hypertension.ConclusionAmong Brazilian workers, the prevalence of hypertension is associated with individual risk factors, lack of a canteen at the workplace, small companies and higher economic inequalities of cities. These three-level characteristics help to interpret differences in the prevalence of hypertension between regions or countries.

Clustering of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazilian Adolescents: Prevalence and Correlates

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Vogt Cureau ◽  
Paola Duarte ◽  
Daniela Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Felipe Fossati Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Clustering Of Risk Factors

Background:Few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among Brazilian adolescents. We evaluated the clustering of risk factors and their associations with sociodemographic variables.Methods:We used a cross-sectional study carried out in 2011 comprising 1132 students aged 14–19 years from Santa Maria, Brazil. The cluster index was created as the sum of the risk factors. For the correlates analysis, a multinomial logistic regression was used. Furthermore, the observed/expected ratio was calculated.Results:Prevalence of individual risk factors studied was as follows: 85.8% unhealthy diets, 53.5% physical inactivity, 31.3% elevated blood pressure, 23.9% overweight, 22.3% excessive drinking alcohol, and 8.6% smoking. Only 2.8% of the adolescents did not present any risk factor, while 21.7%, 40.9%, 23.1%, and 11.5% presented 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more risk factors, respectively. The most prevalent combination was between unhealthy diets and physical inactivity (observed/expected ratio =1.32; 95% CI: 1.16–1.49). Clustering of risk factors was directly associated with age and inversely associated with socioeconomic status.Conclusions:Clustering of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases is high in Brazilian adolescents. Preventive strategies are more likely to be successful if focusing on multiple risk factors, instead of a single one.

scholarly journals Do pregnant women living in higher well-being populations in the USA experience lower risk of preterm delivery? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e024143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley Riley ◽  
Brita Roy ◽  
Jeph Herrin ◽  
Erica Spatz ◽  
Mark T Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo determine if preterm birth, defined as gestational age <37 weeks, is lower for women living in counties with higher well-being, after accounting for known individual risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study of all US births in 2011.ParticipantsWe obtained birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics which included 3 938 985 individuals.Main outcomes measuresPrimary outcome measure was maternal risk of preterm delivery by county; primary independent variable was county-level well-being as measured by the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI).ResultsWomen living in counties with higher population well-being had a lower rate of preterm delivery. The rate of preterm birth in counties in the lowest WBI quintile was 13.1%, while the rate of preterm birth in counties in the highest WBI quintile was 10.9%. In the model adjusted for maternal risk factors (age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, smoking status, timing of initiation of prenatal visits, multiparity, maternal insurance payer), the association was slightly attenuated with an absolute difference of 1.9% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.1%; p<0.001).ConclusionsPregnant women who live in areas with higher population well-being have lower risk of preterm birth, even after accounting for individual risk factors.

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