Do pregnant women living in higher well-being populations in the USA experience lower risk of preterm delivery? A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo determine if preterm birth, defined as gestational age <37 weeks, is lower for women living in counties with higher well-being, after accounting for known individual risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study of all US births in 2011.ParticipantsWe obtained birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics which included 3 938 985 individuals.Main outcomes measuresPrimary outcome measure was maternal risk of preterm delivery by county; primary independent variable was county-level well-being as measured by the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI).ResultsWomen living in counties with higher population well-being had a lower rate of preterm delivery. The rate of preterm birth in counties in the lowest WBI quintile was 13.1%, while the rate of preterm birth in counties in the highest WBI quintile was 10.9%. In the model adjusted for maternal risk factors (age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, smoking status, timing of initiation of prenatal visits, multiparity, maternal insurance payer), the association was slightly attenuated with an absolute difference of 1.9% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.1%; p<0.001).ConclusionsPregnant women who live in areas with higher population well-being have lower risk of preterm birth, even after accounting for individual risk factors.

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Association Between Cervical Length at 18-23 Weeks of Gestation and Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: A Cross Sectional Study

Case Reports in Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive ◽

10.31487/j.crogr.2020.03.02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Trupti Ruge ◽

Emanuel Gracias

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

Introduction: Preterm birth is childbirth occurring at less than 37 completed weeks or 259 days of gestation, is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and has long-term adverse consequences for health. Identifying ways to address preventable causes of preterm birth should be a top priority in developing regions of the world. the present study was planned to find the association between cervical length at 18 to 23 weeks of gestation done as a routine during all second level scans and spontaneous preterm delivery. Patients and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 205 women presenting with singleton pregnancies between 18- 23 weeks of gestations were assessed by transvaginal ultrasound for the measurement of cervical length. Patients were interviewed and their demographic data such as age, obstetric index(GPALD), obstetric history such last menstrual period (LMP), estimated delivery date (EDD) and current pregnancy details such as BP, pulse rate, pallor, period of gestation, were recorded in a predesigned pro forma. Results: In a total of 205 subjects, the average age was found to be 23.26 ± 3.49 years with 52.2% of the women being primigravida. The mean gestation age at the time of enrollment was 20.72 ± 1.00 weeks with 33% of women showing a cervical length of 26-30 mm. The delivery outcome was found as 11% preterm, majority (89.27%) was term delivery. Conclusion: The present study showed that a significantly higher number of women with cervical length ≤ 30 mm (assessed at 18 to 23 weeks of gestation) had preterm labour compared to a woman with cervical length > 30 mm.

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A Cross Sectional Study to Estimate Prevalence and Maternal Risk factors with term low Birth weight Babies

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00627.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

D. Sridhar ◽

A. Sai Ram ◽

P. Narasimha Reddy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Estimate Prevalence

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Burden and risk factors of preterm birth in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria: A five-year case review

The Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.31254/jmr.2021.7203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Ikrama Hassan ◽

◽

Surajudeen Bello ◽

Michael Anazodo ◽

Abdulmumuni Ahmed Lawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Case Review ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Preterm birth has been on the increase globally and accounting for morbidities and mortalities. Preterm delivery referred to the birth of a newborn prior to thirty seven completed gestational weeks. There is dearth of knowledge on the burden of preterm birth in this state. This study therefore determined the burden of preterm deliveries in Nasarawa State, evaluate the risk factors and identify the outcome of such deliveries. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of all preterm delivered from the 1st of January 2014 to the 31st of December 2013 at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia, General Hospital Akwanga and Medical Centre Mararaba Gurku in the Southern, Northern and Western senatorial zones of Nasarawa State respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of mothers of preterm in this study is 26.5±5.7 years. More than three-quarter of preterm birth in Nasarawa State were at the DASH Lafia. The prevalence of preterm birth and admissions were 1.5% and 10.8% respectively. One in four of the preterm were either late preterm or extreme preterm. Singleton gestation accounted for 82.1% of the preterm births while 75.6% of such deliveries where through the vaginal mode of deliveries. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were multiple gestation, antepartum haemorrhage (placenta previa), premature rupture of membrane and previous preterm delivery. Deaths among the preterm was 11% in this study. Conclusion: The burden of preterm births in this study is comparable to other centre in same region. Half of the preterm were either late or extreme preterm. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were placenta previa, premature rupture of membrane, multiple gestation and previous preterm child birth. Death was recorded in one out of every nine preterm

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1168

Author(s):

Gurunathan Gopal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

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Frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2044-2047

Author(s):

Faraz Ahmed ◽

Mohsin Ali ◽

Hussan Ali Sarwar ◽

Miqdad Haider ◽

Muhammad Bilal Safdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Early Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Study Setting

One of the major and important but preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality is Neonatal sepsis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Nursery, Department of Children Hospital and the institute of child health, Lahore. Period: 15-01-2016 to 15-07-2016. Material and Methods: After approval from hospital ethical committee, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 250 patients were enrolled in the study from nursery department of children hospital, Lahore. Maternal risk factors i.e. PROM, meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery were recorded along with the demographic information of each case. Results: In our study, out of 250 cases, cases between 1-2 days were 64.8% (n=162) while cases between 3 days of life were 35.2% (n=88), mean+sd was resulted as 2.17+0.69 days. Frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis was turned out as 64.8% (n=162) PROM, 29.6% (n=74) meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery was resulted in 21.2% (n=53). Conclusion: The leading maternal risk factor is PROM followed by meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis.

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The Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and the Well-Being of Polish Students: The Risk Factors of the Emotional Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10050944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 944

Author(s):

Dariusz Juchnowicz ◽

Jacek Baj ◽

Alicja Forma ◽

Kaja Karakuła ◽

Elżbieta Sitarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Scale

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant impact on both physical and mental health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to (1) evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress levels among students from Polish universities during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) assess the risk factors of the higher intensity of emotional distress. We conducted an online survey using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to assess well-being. The study included 2172 respondents (73% female, 27% male) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 2.2. Moderate to extremely severe scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were reported by 43.4%, 27.3%, and 41.0% of the respondents, respectively. Higher scores of DASS-21 were related to female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 3.01), studying sciences (OR = 2.04), co-residence with the roommates (OR = 1.25), suffering from a mental disorder (OR = 5.88), loneliness (OR = 293.30), the usage of psychiatric support before pandemic (OR = 8.06), poor economic situation (OR = 13.49), and the lower scores were found for being currently employed (OR = 0.4). This study highlights an urgent need for (1) crisis-oriented psychological and psychiatric support for students during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) preparing appropriate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of students for a possible similar situation in the future.

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Gender Differences Related to Spirituality, Coping Skills and Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt: A Cross-Sectional Study of French Adolescent Inpatients

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.537383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Bojan Mirkovic ◽

Vincent Belloncle ◽

Hugues Pellerin ◽

Jean-Marc Guilé ◽

Priscille Gérardin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Axis I

Background: Suicide attempts in adolescence represent a major public health concern, since these behaviors are associated with psychosocial burden and an increased risk of suicide. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore possible gender differences related to protective and risk factors in adolescents who have attempted suicide.Methods: Participants were French adolescents hospitalized for attempt suicide in five French pediatric departments. The participants were evaluated on 12 instruments measuring individual risk and protective factors.Results: Our sample included 320 adolescents aged 13–17 years (M = 14.43, SD = 1.29), of whom 82% were female and 35% were repeat attempters. Boys had greater difficulties at school and used more lethal means such as strangulation. We failed to find any differences between the two groups as regards the main Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. Boys tend to use more non-productive coping skills such as tension reduction or wishful thinking and girls use more reference to other strategies such as seeking social support. Although spirituality scores were low overall sample, they were significantly higher among girls.Conclusions: In the end, we find little difference between the two groups in terms of risk factors. However, we have shown gender differences in spirituality and some coping strategies. These results should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention programs.

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Prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55596/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shibabaw Bejano ◽

Girma Shumie ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Eyuel Asemahagn ◽

Demekech Damte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Large Scale ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Individual Risk Factors ◽

Benishangul Gumuz Region ◽

Epidemiological Information

Abstract Background: Benishangul-Gumuz region is an important development corridor in Ethiopia. The large-scale projects; the great renaissance dam, mining and agriculture entailed huge environmental modification and settlement pattern changes. Detail epidemiological information of VL in the region is unknown. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study to assess the epidemiology and risk factors associated with Leishmania infection. Leishmanin skin test (LST) was done for 1342 participants, and for 253 of them rK39 and DAT were done. Thirty-six dogs owned by households with LST positive member(s) were rK39 and DAT tested. A pretested questionnaire was used to capture individual and household characteristics. Results: Of the 89.2% (1197/1342) who availed themselves for LST reading 6.0% were positive. The rk39 and DAT positivity among the 253 tested were 3.2% and 5.9% respectively. In dogs, positivity rates by rK39 and DAT were 13.9% and 5.6% respectively. Of the household and individual risk factors presence of dog in household (P=0.005), male sex (0.003), residence woreda (0.000) and occupation (0.023) showed a strong positive association with LST positivity. Individuals who lived in household who owned dogs were 2.6 times more likely to be LST positive (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI= 1.54, 4.40). Being female decreased by 0.38 times the probability of being LST positive (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20, 0.72). Living in Guba and Kurmuk has 4.7 (AOR=4.74, 95% CI 1.83, 12.31) and 5.9 (AOR=5.85, 95%CI 2.27, 15.09) times more risk of being infected. Conclusions: We demonstrated presence of active VL transmission in the areas. Thus, we underline the need to establish the responsible vector(s) and reservoir(s) for comprehensive early containment plan to prevent potentially harmful public health and economic consequence.

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Assessment of epidemiological profile of neonatal seizure cases admitted to a tertiary health center of Odisha, India: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Geetanjali Sethy ◽

Dhaneswari Jena ◽

Pullakranjan Mallik ◽

Sithun Kumar Patro ◽

Biswakalyan Mishra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Seizures ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Medical College ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Background: Neonatal seizures are common manifestations of neurologic dysfunction in newborns. The incidence of seizures in neonatal period is higher than any other period of life. It is one of the common causes of admission to special newborn care unit. Therefore, it has been decided to assess the epidemiological profile of neonatal seizure.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January2017 to June 2018, in the SNCU of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur. A total of 300 neonates admitted to SNCU with clinically apparent seizure were the study population and convenient sampling method was used for selecting them. The approval was taken from IEC MKCG Medical College to carry out the study. The data was collected by using a pretested proforma from parents and hospital records. Verbal informed consent was taken from parents. The data so collected was analysed in the department of Pediatrics.Results: Out of the total 300 babies, 66% were males, 61.34% were early neonates,77% babies were of primi mothers,76% of babies were outborn . 62.12% of babies were born by vaginal route. HIE was most common (88%) cause of seizure. Out of the all seizure types, subtle seizure was most common (87.67%), followed by clonic seizure (35.67%). Various maternal risk factors were present in 81.81 % of cases. Most common risk factor was anemia (50.57%).18.93% of cases were born with history of obstructed labor/prolonged labor. Overall mortality was 8%.Conclusions: Neonatal seizures are important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Prevention of HIE and maternal risk factors along with early use of an effective drug with minimum side effects are the ways to overcome this problem.

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