Clustering of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazilian Adolescents: Prevalence and Correlates

Background:Few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among Brazilian adolescents. We evaluated the clustering of risk factors and their associations with sociodemographic variables.Methods:We used a cross-sectional study carried out in 2011 comprising 1132 students aged 14–19 years from Santa Maria, Brazil. The cluster index was created as the sum of the risk factors. For the correlates analysis, a multinomial logistic regression was used. Furthermore, the observed/expected ratio was calculated.Results:Prevalence of individual risk factors studied was as follows: 85.8% unhealthy diets, 53.5% physical inactivity, 31.3% elevated blood pressure, 23.9% overweight, 22.3% excessive drinking alcohol, and 8.6% smoking. Only 2.8% of the adolescents did not present any risk factor, while 21.7%, 40.9%, 23.1%, and 11.5% presented 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more risk factors, respectively. The most prevalent combination was between unhealthy diets and physical inactivity (observed/expected ratio =1.32; 95% CI: 1.16–1.49). Clustering of risk factors was directly associated with age and inversely associated with socioeconomic status.Conclusions:Clustering of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases is high in Brazilian adolescents. Preventive strategies are more likely to be successful if focusing on multiple risk factors, instead of a single one.

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Prevalence of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55596/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shibabaw Bejano ◽

Girma Shumie ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Eyuel Asemahagn ◽

Demekech Damte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Large Scale ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Individual Risk Factors ◽

Benishangul Gumuz Region ◽

Epidemiological Information

Abstract Background: Benishangul-Gumuz region is an important development corridor in Ethiopia. The large-scale projects; the great renaissance dam, mining and agriculture entailed huge environmental modification and settlement pattern changes. Detail epidemiological information of VL in the region is unknown. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study to assess the epidemiology and risk factors associated with Leishmania infection. Leishmanin skin test (LST) was done for 1342 participants, and for 253 of them rK39 and DAT were done. Thirty-six dogs owned by households with LST positive member(s) were rK39 and DAT tested. A pretested questionnaire was used to capture individual and household characteristics. Results: Of the 89.2% (1197/1342) who availed themselves for LST reading 6.0% were positive. The rk39 and DAT positivity among the 253 tested were 3.2% and 5.9% respectively. In dogs, positivity rates by rK39 and DAT were 13.9% and 5.6% respectively. Of the household and individual risk factors presence of dog in household (P=0.005), male sex (0.003), residence woreda (0.000) and occupation (0.023) showed a strong positive association with LST positivity. Individuals who lived in household who owned dogs were 2.6 times more likely to be LST positive (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI= 1.54, 4.40). Being female decreased by 0.38 times the probability of being LST positive (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20, 0.72). Living in Guba and Kurmuk has 4.7 (AOR=4.74, 95% CI 1.83, 12.31) and 5.9 (AOR=5.85, 95%CI 2.27, 15.09) times more risk of being infected. Conclusions: We demonstrated presence of active VL transmission in the areas. Thus, we underline the need to establish the responsible vector(s) and reservoir(s) for comprehensive early containment plan to prevent potentially harmful public health and economic consequence.

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Association of workplace and population characteristics with prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian industry workers: a multilevel analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015755 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e015755 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniele B Vinholes ◽

Sérgio L Bassanesi ◽

Hilton de Castro Chaves Junior ◽

Carlos Alberto Machado ◽

Ione M F Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Small Companies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Risk Factors

BackgroundExposure to risk factors for hypertension may be influenced by the characteristics of the workplace, where workers spend most of their daily time.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between features of the companies, particularly the presence of facilities to provide meals, and of population characteristics and the prevalence of hypertension, taking into account individual risk factors for hypertension.Material and methodsThis multilevel analysis was based on a cross-sectional study with individual and company data from the SESI(Serviço Social da Indústria–Social Service of Industries)study and population-based data from the national census statistics. Workers aged ≥15 years were randomly selected from small (20–99), medium (100–499) and large (≥500 employees) companies per state using multistage sampling. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between hypertension and individual, workplace and population variables, with odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) adjusted for three-level variables.Results4818 Workers from 157 companies were interviewed and their blood pressure, weight and height were measured. Overall, 77% were men, aged 35.4 ±10.7 years, with 8.7 ±4.1 years of schooling and mostly worked in companies with a staff canteen (66%). Besides individual characteristics—being male, ageing, low schooling, alcohol abuse and higher BMI—a workplace with no staff canteen (OR=1.28; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.52), small companies (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.60) and living in cities with higher economic inequality (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76) were associated with a higher risk for hypertension.ConclusionAmong Brazilian workers, the prevalence of hypertension is associated with individual risk factors, lack of a canteen at the workplace, small companies and higher economic inequalities of cities. These three-level characteristics help to interpret differences in the prevalence of hypertension between regions or countries.

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Do pregnant women living in higher well-being populations in the USA experience lower risk of preterm delivery? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e024143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carley Riley ◽

Brita Roy ◽

Jeph Herrin ◽

Erica Spatz ◽

Mark T Silvestri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Individual Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo determine if preterm birth, defined as gestational age <37 weeks, is lower for women living in counties with higher well-being, after accounting for known individual risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study of all US births in 2011.ParticipantsWe obtained birth data from the National Center for Health Statistics which included 3 938 985 individuals.Main outcomes measuresPrimary outcome measure was maternal risk of preterm delivery by county; primary independent variable was county-level well-being as measured by the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI).ResultsWomen living in counties with higher population well-being had a lower rate of preterm delivery. The rate of preterm birth in counties in the lowest WBI quintile was 13.1%, while the rate of preterm birth in counties in the highest WBI quintile was 10.9%. In the model adjusted for maternal risk factors (age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, smoking status, timing of initiation of prenatal visits, multiparity, maternal insurance payer), the association was slightly attenuated with an absolute difference of 1.9% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.1%; p<0.001).ConclusionsPregnant women who live in areas with higher population well-being have lower risk of preterm birth, even after accounting for individual risk factors.

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Prevalence of Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human and Dog, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55596/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shibabaw Bejano ◽

Girma Shumie ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Eyuel Asemahagn ◽

Demekech Damte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Large Scale ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Individual Risk Factors ◽

Benishangul Gumuz Region ◽

Epidemiological Information

Abstract Background Benishangul-Gumuz region is an important development corridor in Ethiopia. The large-scale projects; the great renaissance dam, mining and agriculture entailed huge environmental modification and settlement pattern changes. Detail epidemiological information of VL in the region is unknown. Materials and Methods A cross sectional study to assess the epidemiology and risk factors associated with asymptomatic VL. Leishmanin skin test (LST) was done for 1342 participants, and for 253 of them rK39 and DAT were done. Thirty-six dogs owned by households with LST positive member(s) were rK39 and DAT tested. A pretested questionnaire was used to capture individual and household characteristics. Results Of the 89.2% (1197/1342) who availed themselves for LST reading 6.0% were positive. The rk39 and DAT positivity among the 253 tested were 3.2% and 5.9% respectively. In dogs, positivity rates by rK39 and DAT were 13.9% and 5.6% respectively. Of the household and individual risk factors presence of dog in household (P = 0.005), male sex (0.003), residence woreda (0.000) and occupation (0.023) showed a strong positive association with LST positivity. Individuals who lived in household who owned dogs were 2.6 times more likely to be LST positive (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.54, 4.40). Being female decreased by 0.38 times the probability of being LST positive (AOR = 0.38; 95%CI = 0.20, 0.72). Living in Guba and Kurmuk has 4.7 (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI 1.83, 12.31) and 5.9 (AOR = 5.85, 95%CI 2.27, 15.09) times more risk of being infected. Conclusions We demonstrated presence of active VL transmission in the areas. Thus, we underline the need to establish the responsible vector(s) and reservoir(s) for comprehensive early containment plan to prevent potentially harmful public health and economic consequence.

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Individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome in adult patients with GH deficiency: a cross-sectional case-control study

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.35.p939 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ivayla Uzunova ◽

Georgi Kirilov ◽

Sabina Zacharieva ◽

Alexander Shinkov ◽

Anna-Maria Borissova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Case Control ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

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Socio-demographic association of non communicable diseases’ risk factors in a representative population of school children: a cross-sectional study in Sousse (Tunisia)

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2015-0109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meriam El Ghardallou ◽

Jihene Maatoug ◽

Imed Harrabi ◽

Sihem Ben Fredj ◽

Sahli Jihene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unhealthy Diet

Abstract Introduction: A better understanding of socio-demographic characteristics of subgroups, which have a high risk to develop chronic diseases, is essential to develop more efficient interventional programs especially for youth. This study aimed to determine the association between clusters of non communicable diseases (NCDs’) risk factors and the socio-demographic characteristics among a sample of Tunisian school children. Materials and methods: We conducted, in 2013/2014, a cross-sectional study among a proportional and stratified school children sample, selected in 17 elementary public schools in Sousse (Tunisia). A cluster analysis was used to identify different NCDs risk factors clusters, based on tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excess weight. Subsequent χ2-tests were used to identify differences between the NCDs risk factors clusters in regards to socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Four clusters of NCDs risk factors were found: 1) Cluster 1: physical inactivity behavior with normal weight, 2) Cluster 2: physical inactivity behavior associated to excess weight, 3) Cluster 3: unhealthy diet associated to excess weight and low practice of physical activity, and 4) Cluster 4: smoking behavior with physical activity behavior. The pattern of cluster membership differed across sex (<10–3), school level, and socioeconomic level (<10–3) but there was no significant difference between clusters for mother’s education levels and household tenure. Conclusion: This study can have important implications for health policy and practice. Indeed, it found that many subjects have simultaneous multiple NCDs risk factors which leads to identify groups at risk and implement integrated intervention program.

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Dietary Practices and Nutritional Status of the Urban Vulnerable: A Cross Sectional Study on Waste Collectors of Dhaka City in Bangladesh

World Nutrition ◽

10.26596/wn.202011444-55 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 44-55

Author(s):

Asit Biswas ◽

M A Rifat ◽

Hazera Binte Sufian ◽

MD Khurshidul Zahid

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Main Meals

Purpose The socioeconomic conditions of urban waste collectors are vulnerable. However, their nutrition vulnerability remains undocumented. Here we focused on dietary practices and the nutritional status of waste collectors of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed that included 130 waste collectors from 15 different sites of Dhaka city. The 24-hours recall method, body mass index (BMI) and BMI for age Z-score were used to determine dietary practices and nutritional status respectively. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to observe the associations and their risk factors. Results The majority (58.5%) of the waste collectors were normal by BMI whereas 36.2%, 4.5%, and 0.8% were underweight, overweight, and obese respectively. The prevalence of underweight was higher among males and respondents less than 18-years old (P<0.001). The dietary pattern of the respondents was poor. Meals were mainly rice and vegetable-based. Consumption of meats, eggs and fruits was low. Only 18.4% and 16.92% respondents were found to consume meat and eggs at least once a day, respectively. In addition, 78.5% consumed insufficient foods in their main meals, 9.2% had skipped meals and 13.1% consumed stale food and food waste regularly. Consumption of less than three main meals a day and food of poor dietary quality were risk factors of underweight. Conclusion Findings demonstrated that waste collectors in Dhaka city had poor nutritional status which was primarily associated with inadequate dietary intake. Increased quality and quantity of food in the diet, which could be achieved through appropriate health and nutritional support, are needed to overcome the situation.

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Prevalensi Infeksi Clostridium difficile Pada Pasien Neutropenia dengan Kanker

Medicinus ◽

10.19166/med.v5i2.1164 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Andree Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Immunocompromised Patient ◽

Hematologic Malignancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Secondary Referral Hospital

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection mostly found in immunocompromised patient. Most of the patients with neutropenia had hematologic malignancy and come with multiple risk factors for C. difficile infection. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence and characteristic of C. difficile infections in cancer neutropenia patients. This cross-sectional study was done in secondary referral hospital in suburban Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia from June 2014 until Mei 2015. Adult cancer patients hospitalized with neutrophil count less than 1500 106 cell/L were included. All patients were checked for antigen and toxin C. difficile in faeces. From 25 patients were evaluated for C. difficile infection in neutropenia. C. difficile antigen only found in one patient or 4% sample.Key words: C. difficile, cancer, neutropenia

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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Perception of Metabolic Syndrome Among Thai Buddhist Monks in a Rural Community, Central Thailand: A Mixed-Methods Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-601669/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annop Kittithaworn ◽

Prempreeda Wongprasert ◽

Worathon Worasangkart ◽

Noppawit Aiumtrakul ◽

Surapong Saravutthikul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Central Thailand

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that can increase the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. According to monastic rules, Thai Buddhist monks are not allowed to cook meals and do exercise. This unique lifestyle generally encompasses low physical activities and may cause several noncommunicable diseases. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and perception of MetS among Thai Buddhist monks. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among Thai Buddhist monks living in Tha Luang District, Lopburi Province, Central Thailand. Study participants completed a questionnaire inquiring about personal and health data, and they also underwent physical examination, including anthropometric measurements, before undergoing biochemical blood tests. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III (NCEP ATP3) criteria. A qualitative study using in-depth interview was conducted to determine the knowledge and perceptions regarding MetS among Thai Buddhist monks. Results In total, 96 Thai Buddhist monks were included in this study. The prevalence of MetS was 28.1%. Participants who had a body mass index of \(\ge\)25 kg/m2 were determined to have a higher risk of developing MetS (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.6–13.3). The in-depth interview revealed that participants’ perceptions were directly associated with their beliefs, experience, and basic healthcare knowledge. A qualitative study identified two primary factors of MetS among Thai Buddhist monks, viz., unhealthy diet and low physical activity. Conclusions MetS prevalence in Thai Buddhist monks was moderate compared with that reported by other studies. Medical providers and Buddhist devotees should cooperate in providing health promotion by donating healthy food, conducting annual health checkups, and arranging alternative exercises in a private area that correspond with the monastic rules. Therefore, early screening, treatment, and patient education are the most important factors to manage MetS in Thai Buddhist monks.

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