scholarly journals Relationship between gestational acrylamide exposure and offspring’s growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791-1799
Author(s):  
Yongle Zhan ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Tianjia Guan ◽  
Shuyang Zhang ◽  
Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Dietary Strategy

AbstractObjective:To estimate the current evidence regarding the association between gestational acrylamide (AA) exposure and offspring’s growth.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A systematic literature search for relevant publications was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases from inception to 26 April 2019. The standardised mean difference (SMD) or OR with 95 % CI was selected as the effect sizes and was calculated using a random effects model.Results:Five cohort studies including 54 728 participants were identified. Offspring’s birth weight was significantly lower in high AA exposure group than in low AA exposure group (SMD –0·05, 95 % CI –0·09, –0·02, P = 0·005). There was also an association between maternal AA exposure and small for gestational age (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·23, P < 0·001). In addition, pooled ORs suggested that children had a high risk of developing overweight/obesity in the future in maternal high AA exposure group (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·21, P < 0·001 at age 3; OR 1·13, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·19, P < 0·001 at age 5; OR 1·09, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·16, P = 0·020 at age 8).Conclusions:These findings have important implications for conducting health education, providing guidance on maternal diet and developing an appropriate dietary strategy for pregnant women to reduce dietary AA exposure.

Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012109
Author(s):  
Bruna Bellaver ◽  
João Pedro Ferrari-Souza ◽  
Lucas Uglione da Ros ◽  
Stephen F Carter ◽  
Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective:To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with mean differences (SMD) using the Hedge’s G method with random-effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from QUADAS-2 were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304).Results:The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of GFAP, S100B, YKL-40 and AQP4 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as MAO-B, indexed by positron emission tomography 11C-deuterium-L-deprenyl ([11C]-DED), were included. GFAP (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD = 0.76; CI 95% = 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF, S100B levels in the blood (SMD = 2.91; CI 95% = 1.01-4.8) were found significantly increased in AD patients.Conclusions:Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. The meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.

Are Clinical Outcomes Associated With Medication Regimen Complexity? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Alves-Conceição ◽  
Kérilin Stancine Santos Rocha ◽  
Fernanda Vilanova Nascimento Silva ◽  
Rafaella de Oliveira Santos Silva ◽  
Sabrina Cerqueira-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Medication Regimen Complexity ◽  
Complexity Index ◽  
Regimen Complexity

Background: Current evidence of the influence of the medication regimen complexity (MRC) on the patients’ clinical outcomes are not conclusive. Objective: To systematically and analytically assess the association between MRC measured by the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) and clinical outcomes. Methods: A search was carried out in the databases Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Open Thesis, and Web of Science to identify studies evaluating the association between MRC and clinical outcomes that were published from January 1, 2004, to April 2, 2018. The search terms included outcome assessment, drug therapy, and medication regimen complexity index and their synonyms in different combinations for case-control and cohort studies that used the MRCI to measure MRC and related the MRCI with clinical outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and mean differences (WMDs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Results: A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that MRC is associated with the following clinical outcomes: hospitalization (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.27; I2 = 0%) in cohort studies, hospital readmissions (WMD = 7.72; 95% CI = 1.19 to 14.25; I2 = 84%) in case-control studies, and medication nonadherence (adjusted OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07; I2 = 0%) in cohort studies. Conclusion and Relevance: This systematic review and meta-analysis gathered relevant scientific evidence and quantified the combined estimates to show the association of MRC with clinical outcomes: hospitalization, hospital readmission, and medication adherence.

scholarly journals Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Yavin ◽  
Steven Casha ◽  
Samuel Wiebe ◽  
Thomas E Feasby ◽  
Callie Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Relative Safety

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to uncertain evidence, lumbar fusion for degenerative indications is associated with the greatest measured practice variation of any surgical procedure. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current evidence on the comparative safety and efficacy of lumbar fusion, decompression-alone, or nonoperative care for degenerative indications. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (up to June 30, 2016). Comparative studies reporting validated measures of safety or efficacy were included. Treatment effects were calculated through DerSimonian and Laird random effects models. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 65 studies (19 randomized controlled trials, 16 prospective cohort studies, 15 retrospective cohort studies, and 15 registries) enrolling a total of 302 620 patients. Disability, pain, and patient satisfaction following fusion, decompression-alone, or nonoperative care were dependent on surgical indications and study methodology. Relative to decompression-alone, the risk of reoperation following fusion was increased for spinal stenosis (relative risk [RR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.28) and decreased for spondylolisthesis (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68-0.83). Among patients with spinal stenosis, complications were more frequent following fusion (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.96). Mortality was not significantly associated with any treatment modality. CONCLUSION: Positive clinical change was greatest in patients undergoing fusion for spondylolisthesis while complications and the risk of reoperation limited the benefit of fusion for spinal stenosis. The relative safety and efficacy of fusion for chronic low back pain suggests careful patient selection is required (PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews number, CRD42015020153).

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi ◽  
Mojtaba Tashkeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Objectives: Despite the studies that examined the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, no meta-analysis has proved this effect so far. Also, the effect of these factors is unknown in terms of gender and aerobic exercise. This meta-analysis addressed these gaps. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were found. Q-test and I2 statistic investigated the heterogeneity across the studies. The probability of publication bias was explored using Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were expressed as the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10015 references and 51 studies involving 3594 participants. Compared with the control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, and -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercises. Also, the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercises. Conclusion: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety regarding the female gender and aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals Potentially Effective Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 or MIS-C in Children: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijun Wang ◽  
Siya Zhao ◽  
Yuyi Tang ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Qianling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Series Study

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C. Methods: We searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C. Results: A total of nine cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review. In terms of remdesivir, the meta-analysis of single-arm cohort studies have shown that, after the treatment, 54.7% (95%CI, 10.3% to 99.1%) experienced adverse events, 5.6% (95%CI, 1.2% to 10.1%) died, 27.0% (95%CI, 0% to 73.0%) needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or invasive mechanical ventilation. As for glucocorticoids, the results of the meta-analysis showed that the fixed-effect summary odds ratio for the association with mortality was 2.79 (95%CI, 0.13 to 60.87), and the mechanical ventilation rate was 3.12 (95%CI, 0.80 to 12.08) for glucocorticoids compared with the control group. In terms of IVIG, most of the included cohort studies showed that for MIS-C patients with more severe clinical symptoms, IVIG combined with methylprednisolone could achieve better clinical efficacy than IVIG alone.Conclusions: Overall, the current evidence in the included studies is insignificant and of low quality. It is recommended to conduct high-quality randomized controlled trials of remdesivir, glucocorticoids, and IVIG in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C to provide substantial evidence for the development of guidelines.

scholarly journals Elevated Procalcitonin Is Positively Associated with the Severity of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis Based on 10 Cohort Studies

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Yue Shen ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Xue Zheng ◽  
Yuefei Jin ◽  
Guangcai Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background and Objectives: Procalcitonin (PCT) is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19 (including severe, critical, or fatal outcomes), but some of the confounding factors are not considered. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the adjusted relationship between elevated procalcitonin on admission and the severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We searched 1805 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to 2 April 2021. The articles were selected which reported the adjusted relationship applying multivariate analysis between PCT and the severity of COVID-19. The pooled effect estimate was calculated by the random-effects model. Results: The meta-analysis included 10 cohort studies with a total of 7716 patients. Patients with elevated procalcitonin on admission were at a higher risk of severe and critical COVID-19 (pooled effect estimate: 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–2.29; I2 = 85.6%, p < 0.001). Similar results were also observed in dead patients (pooled effect estimate: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.36–2.30). After adjusting for diabetes, the positive association between PCT and the severity of COVID-19 decreased. Subgroup analysis revealed heterogeneity between studies and sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. There was no evidence of publication bias by Egger’s test (p = 0.106). Conclusions: Higher procalcitonin is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19, which is a potential biomarker to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 and predict the prognosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Komeil Zahedi ◽  
Mojtaba Tashkeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Objectives: Despite the existence of studies that associated effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, there was no meta-analysis to date, that can prove this effect definitely. Also, the effect of these factors by gender and aerobic exercise are unknown. This gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was investigated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The probability of publication bias was explored using Beggchr('39')s and Eggerchr('39')s tests. The results were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10,015 references and included 51 studies involving 3,594 participants. Compared control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercise, and the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercise. Conclusions: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety by female gender and aerobic exercise.

The association between endometriosis and the risk of LBW: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensiyeh Jenabi ◽  
Bita Fereidooni
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Random Effects Model

Background: Many observational services have been conducted to evaluate the risk factors of low birth weight, but the results showed no consistency. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between endometriosis (body mass index) and the risk of low birth weight. Methods: Relevant works that were published in major international electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and Cochrane were systematically searched until February 2018. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to determine publication bias in included studies. The random-effects model was carried out to determine the odds ratio. Results: A meta-analysis of the 12 studies proposed a significant association between endometriosis and the risk of low birth weight (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–1.60). The subgroup analysis was carried out based on the design, adjusted form, and use of assisted reproductive technology in studies. The pooled results based on subgroup analysis in case–control and cohort studies were 1.46 (0.79–2.12) and 1.32 (1.02–1.62), respectively. There was significant correlation between endometriosis and low birth weight in cohort studies. Also, heterogeneity was not reported among studies in the subgroup based on adjusted form. There was no significant correlation between endometriosis and low birth weight in studies using assisted reproductive technology methods Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis showed that endometriosis increases the risk of low birth weight. Therefore, it is a risk factor for low birth weight.

scholarly journals Potentially effective drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 or MIS-C in children: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijun Wang ◽  
Siya Zhao ◽  
Yuyi Tang ◽  
Zhili Wang ◽  
Qianling Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Series Study

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C.MethodsWe searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C.ResultsA total of six cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review. In terms of remdesivir, the meta-analysis of single-arm cohort studies have shown that, after the treatment, 37.1% (95%CI, 0.0% to 74.5%) experienced adverse events, 5.9% (95%CI, 1.5% to 10.2%) died, 37.2% (95%CI, 0% to 76.0%) needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or invasive mechanical ventilation. As for glucocorticoids, the results of the meta-analysis showed that the fixed-effect summary odds ratio for the association with mortality was 2.79 (95%CI, 0.13 to 60.87), and the mechanical ventilation rate was 3.12 (95%CI, 0.80 to 12.08) for glucocorticoids compared with the control group. In terms of IVIG, the two included cohort studies showed that for MIS-C patients with more severe clinical symptoms, IVIG combined with methylprednisolone could achieve better clinical efficacy than IVIG alone.ConclusionsOverall, the current evidence in the included studies is insignificant and of low quality. It is recommended to conduct high-quality randomized controlled trials of remdesivir, glucocorticoids, and IVIG in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C to provide substantial evidence for the development of guidelines.

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and suicidality in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on the direction of the association

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255799
Author(s):  
Charlie Rioux ◽  
Anne-Sophie Huet ◽  
Natalie Castellanos-Ryan ◽  
Laurianne Fortier ◽  
Myriam Le Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Secondary Substance ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background Reviews and meta-analyses suggest that substance use and suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts) are associated in youth, but the direction of this association remains unclear. Theoretically, the secondary psychiatric disorder hypothesis (SPDH) posits that substance use leads to suicidality, while the secondary substance use disorder hypothesis (SSUDH) posits that suicidality leads to substance use. To clarify these associations, this meta-analysis systematically reviewed studies that examined the prospective associations between SUDs and suicidality in youth (age 25 and younger) and compared results according to the direction of the association. Methods Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to March 8, 2020, and 55 effect sizes from 23 samples were included and analyzed using a three-level meta-analysis. Results SUDs significantly predicted subsequent suicidality (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.57–2.97), suicidality significantly predicted subsequent SUDs (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.53–3.04), and these effect sizes did not differ (p = 0.49). Conclusions Considering that 65% of reviewed studies only examined the SPDH, this review highlights that more attention should be given to the SSUDH, and that studies should examine bidirectional associations between SUDs and suicidality across time. Clinically, because SUDs and suicidality were found to influence each other, results suggest that mental health and SUDs should ideally be detected and treated early, and that co-occurring disorders should be assessed and treated concomitantly.

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