Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012109
Author(s):  
Bruna Bellaver ◽  
João Pedro Ferrari-Souza ◽  
Lucas Uglione da Ros ◽  
Stephen F Carter ◽  
Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective:To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with mean differences (SMD) using the Hedge’s G method with random-effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from QUADAS-2 were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304).Results:The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of GFAP, S100B, YKL-40 and AQP4 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as MAO-B, indexed by positron emission tomography 11C-deuterium-L-deprenyl ([11C]-DED), were included. GFAP (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD = 0.76; CI 95% = 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF, S100B levels in the blood (SMD = 2.91; CI 95% = 1.01-4.8) were found significantly increased in AD patients.Conclusions:Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. The meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.

scholarly journals Hallux valgus orthosis characteristics and effectiveness: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e047273
Author(s):  
Mei-Ying Kwan ◽  
Kit-Lun Yick ◽  
Joanne Yip ◽  
Chi-Yung Tse
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Differences

ObjectiveThe treatment effect of orthoses for hallux valgus (HV) is unclear with little interventional studies, the design involves multiple complex factors, and therefore a systematic analysis with meta-analysis is necessary. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether current foot orthoses are effective in treating HV.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl and Medline) are searched up to February 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInterventional studies with content focus on HV orthosis design and any of the outcomes related to effectiveness for treating HV are included. The standardised mean differences are calculated. The risk of bias in included studies is assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tools.ResultsIn total, 2066 articles are identified. Among them, nine are selected and quality rated, and data are extracted and closely examined. A meta-analysis is conducted, where appropriate. The main causes of potential bias are missing outcome data and outcome measurement error. The results show that orthosis with a toe separator has the best effect of correcting the HV angle (standardised mean difference: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.189 to 0.803).ConclusionThe orthoses design with a toe separator or an element that allows for the foot anatomic alignment is critical for reducing the HV angle and relieving foot pain. The results contribute to a better selection of treatment for patients.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021260403.

scholarly journals Hypertension and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e024406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide L Vetrano ◽  
Katie M Palmer ◽  
Lucia Galluzzo ◽  
Simona Giampaoli ◽  
Alessandra Marengoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Setting

ObjectiveTo review the association between hypertension and frailty in observational studies.DesignA systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases was performed. A meta-analysis was performed if at least three studies used the same definition of frailty and a dichotomous definition of hypertension.Setting, participants and measuresStudies providing information on the association between frailty and hypertension in adult persons, regardless of the study setting, study design or definition of hypertension and frailty were included.ResultsAmong the initial 964 articles identified, 27 were included in the review. Four longitudinal studies examined the incidence of frailty according to baseline hypertension status, providing conflicting results. Twenty-three studies assessed the cross-sectional association between frailty and hypertension: 13 of them reported a significantly higher prevalence of frailty in hypertensive participants and 10 found no significant association. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in frail individuals was 72% (95% CI 66% to 79%) and the pooled prevalence of frailty in individuals with hypertension was 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%). Five studies, including a total of 7656 participants, reported estimates for the association between frailty and hypertension (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.89).ConclusionsFrailty is common in persons with hypertension. Given the possible influence of frailty on the risk–benefit ratio of treatment for hypertension and its high prevalence, it is important to assess the presence of this condition in persons with hypertension.Trial registration numberCRD42017058303.

Effects of neurofeedback versus methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Yan ◽  
Siyuan Wang ◽  
Yang Yuan ◽  
Junhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Core Symptoms

BackgroundThe comparative efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate (MPH) and neurofeedback (NF) in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to fill this gap by means of a systematic review/meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, OVID, ERIC, Web of Science, ClinialTrials.gov and a set of Chinese databases were searched until 22 August 2018. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were pooled using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Results18 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included (778 individuals with ADHD in the NF arm and 757 in the MPH group, respectively; 13 studies in Chinese, five in English). At the study first endpoint, MPH was significantly more efficacious than NF on ADHD core symptoms (ADHD symptoms combined: SMD=−0.578, 95% CI (−1.063 to –0.092)) and on two neuropsychological parameters (inattention:−0.959 (-1.711 to –0.208); inhibition:−0.469 (-0.872 to –0.066)). Dropouts were significantly lower in NF versus MPH (OR=0.412, 0.186 to 0.913). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses, with two important exceptions: removing Chinese studies and non-funded studies, no differences emerged between MPH and NF, although the number of studies was small. At the study follow-up, MPH was superior to NF in some outcomes, but results were inconsistent across raters.ConclusionsDue to the risk of bias of included studies, the results of the sensitivity analysis excluding Chinese and non-funded studies, and the mixed findings on at the follow-up endpoint, further high quality studies are needed to assess the comparative efficacy and acceptability of NF and MPH in individuals with ADHD.Trial registration numberCRD42018090256.

scholarly journals Relationship between gestational acrylamide exposure and offspring’s growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791-1799
Author(s):  
Yongle Zhan ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Tianjia Guan ◽  
Shuyang Zhang ◽  
Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Dietary Strategy

AbstractObjective:To estimate the current evidence regarding the association between gestational acrylamide (AA) exposure and offspring’s growth.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A systematic literature search for relevant publications was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases from inception to 26 April 2019. The standardised mean difference (SMD) or OR with 95 % CI was selected as the effect sizes and was calculated using a random effects model.Results:Five cohort studies including 54 728 participants were identified. Offspring’s birth weight was significantly lower in high AA exposure group than in low AA exposure group (SMD –0·05, 95 % CI –0·09, –0·02, P = 0·005). There was also an association between maternal AA exposure and small for gestational age (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·23, P < 0·001). In addition, pooled ORs suggested that children had a high risk of developing overweight/obesity in the future in maternal high AA exposure group (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·21, P < 0·001 at age 3; OR 1·13, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·19, P < 0·001 at age 5; OR 1·09, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·16, P = 0·020 at age 8).Conclusions:These findings have important implications for conducting health education, providing guidance on maternal diet and developing an appropriate dietary strategy for pregnant women to reduce dietary AA exposure.

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and suicidality in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on the direction of the association

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255799
Author(s):  
Charlie Rioux ◽  
Anne-Sophie Huet ◽  
Natalie Castellanos-Ryan ◽  
Laurianne Fortier ◽  
Myriam Le Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Secondary Substance ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background Reviews and meta-analyses suggest that substance use and suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts) are associated in youth, but the direction of this association remains unclear. Theoretically, the secondary psychiatric disorder hypothesis (SPDH) posits that substance use leads to suicidality, while the secondary substance use disorder hypothesis (SSUDH) posits that suicidality leads to substance use. To clarify these associations, this meta-analysis systematically reviewed studies that examined the prospective associations between SUDs and suicidality in youth (age 25 and younger) and compared results according to the direction of the association. Methods Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to March 8, 2020, and 55 effect sizes from 23 samples were included and analyzed using a three-level meta-analysis. Results SUDs significantly predicted subsequent suicidality (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.57–2.97), suicidality significantly predicted subsequent SUDs (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.53–3.04), and these effect sizes did not differ (p = 0.49). Conclusions Considering that 65% of reviewed studies only examined the SPDH, this review highlights that more attention should be given to the SSUDH, and that studies should examine bidirectional associations between SUDs and suicidality across time. Clinically, because SUDs and suicidality were found to influence each other, results suggest that mental health and SUDs should ideally be detected and treated early, and that co-occurring disorders should be assessed and treated concomitantly.

scholarly journals Effects of resistance training on gait velocity and knee adduction moment in knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoqi Li ◽  
Wei Hui Ng ◽  
Sumayeh Abujaber ◽  
Shazlin Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Mean Differences

AbstractThe systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of resistance training in knee osteoarthritis (OA) rehabilitation from a biomechanical perspective. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the potential benefits of resistance training on patients with knee OA. Relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases inception to August 2020. Outcome measures included gait velocity and knee adduction moment (KAM). The mean differences of the data with a 95% confidence interval were analyzed using STATA 15.1 software The search identified eight studies that satisfied all the inclusion criteria, in which 164 patients were involved in gait velocity studies and another 122 patients were part of KAM studies. Analysis of the pooled data showed that resistance training significantly improved the gait velocity in patients with knee OA (p < 0.01, z = 2.73), ES (95% CI) = 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) m/s. However, resistance training had no significant effect on improving KAM in patients with knee OA (p = 0.98, z = 0.03), ES (95% CI) = 0.00 (− 0.16, 0.16) percentage of body weight × height (%BW × Ht). Therefore, resistance training may enhance gait velocity but not KAM in knee OA patients. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020204897).

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Statins on Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, and Catalase

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Arduino A. Mangoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Statins may exert protective effects against oxidative stress by upregulating specific antioxidant mechanisms. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on three key antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2021. The risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. In 15 studies, reporting 17 treatment arms in 773 patients (mean age 53 years, 54% males), statins significantly increased the concentrations of both GPx (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.80, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.13 to 1.46, p = 0.018; high certainty of evidence) and SOD (SMD = 1.54, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.36, p < 0.001; high certainty of evidence), but not catalase (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI −0.51 to 0.20, p = 0.394; very low certainty of evidence). The pooled SMD values were not altered in sensitivity analysis. There was no publication bias. In conclusion, statin treatment significantly increases the circulating concentrations of GPx and SOD, suggesting an antioxidant effect of these agents (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021271589).

scholarly journals Association of Circulating Magnesium Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease From 1991 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Du ◽  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Zi-Tai Ma ◽  
Jun-Ya Lv ◽  
Wen-Juan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
Registration Number

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a medical and social challenge worldwide. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most frequently evaluated essential minerals with diverse biological functions in human body. However, the association between circulating Mg levels and AD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of 21 studies published between 1991 and 2021 to determine whether the Mg levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are abnormal in AD. Literatures were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data without language limitations. A pooled subject sample including 1,112 AD patients and 1,001 healthy controls (HCs) was available to assess Mg levels in serum and plasma; 284 AD patients and 117 HCs were included for Mg levels in CSF. It was found that serum and plasma levels of Mg were significantly reduced in AD patients compared with HCs (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.36, −0.43]; P = 0.000). There was statistically non-significant for Mg level in CSF between AD and HCs, whereas a decreased tendency were detected (SMD = −0.16; 95% CI [−0.50, 0.18]; P = 0.364). .In addition, when we analyzed the Mg levels of serum, plasma and CSF together, the circulating Mg levels in AD patients was significantly lower (SMD = −0.74, 95% CI [−1.13; −0.35]; P = 0.000). These results indicate that Mg deficiency may be a risk factor of AD and Mg supplementation may be a potentially valuable adjunctive treatment for AD.Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42021254557.

scholarly journals The Association of HScore Parameters with Severe COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Roshandel ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Kazemi ◽  
Bentolhoda Kuhestani Dehaghi ◽  
Hossein Bonakchi ◽  
Sayeh Parkhideh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Several reports associated the severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (sCOVID-19) with secondary-haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) and proposed the HScore table for sCOVID-19 patients. We conducted a meta-analysis to found the possible association of HScore parameters with severity in COVID-19 patients. Systematic search was performed in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using all HScore and COVID-19 keywords. The records were screened based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Random/fixed-effect models were employed. The pooled mean differences were estimated for continuous parameters. The pooled odds-ratio was estimated for fever. Eighteen studies met the criteria and included in the meta-analysis (2459 patients). Significant higher levels of leukocyte, neutrophil, aspartate-transaminase (AST), ferritin, and fibrinogen, as well as lower level of lymphocyte, platelet, and hemoglobin were found in sCOVID-19 patients compared to non-severe ones. Fever was nearly associated with 2 times increased odds of sCOVID-19 (p-value = 0.051). Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypohemoglobinemia, hyperferritinemia, high levels of AST, and fever are common features of both sCOVID-19 and HLH. However, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia found in sCOVID-19 contrast with HScore. Conclusively, HScore parameters could be risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. However, some parameters’ roles are contradictory, suggesting further investigation and a new way of HScore interpretation for sCOVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Depression in the Iranian Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hedayat Jafari ◽  
Dariush Ghasemi-Semeskandeh ◽  
Amir Hossein Goudarzian ◽  
Tahereh Heidari ◽  
Azar Jafari-Koulaee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Standard Scale ◽  
Keywords Screening ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Depression can lead to increased medical costs, impaired individual and social functioning, nonadherence to therapeutic proceeding, and even suicide and ultimately affect quality of life. It is important to know the extent of its prevalence for successful planning in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in the Iranian elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was done through Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest, SID, Embase, and Magiran with determined keywords. Screening was done on the basis of relevance to the purpose of the study, titles, abstracts, full text, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa standard scale. After primary and secondary screening, 30 articles were finally included in the study. According to the 30 articles reviewed, the prevalence of depression in the Iranian elderly was 52 percent based on the random-effects model (CI 95%: 46–58). According to the results of the present study, depression in the Iranian elderly was moderate to high. Therefore, more exact assessment in terms of depression screening in elderly people seems necessary. Coherent and systematic programs, including psychosocial empowerment counselling for the elderly and workshops for their families, are also needed. Researchers can also use the results of this study for future research.

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